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Scientists are exploring mysterious “blue holes” that form at the bottom of the ocean off Florida’s Gulf Coast.The blue holes are underwater sinkholes that vary in size, similar to sinkholes you can see on land, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. They are diverse biological communities full of marine life, like corals, sponges, mollusks, sea turtles, sharks, and more.“Underwater sink holes, springs, and caverns are karst (calcium carbonate rock) features that are scattered across Florida’s Gulf continental shelf,” said NOAA.NOAA says little is known about blue holes due to their lack of accessibility and unknown distribution and abundance. Openings can be several hundred feet underwater and many openings are pretty small.“In fact, the first reports of blue holes did not come from scientists or researchers, but actually came from fishermen and recreational divers,” wrote NOAA.Last year, a team of scientists explored one blue hole, called “Amberjack Hole,” about 30 miles off Sarasota’s shoreline. NOAA says the exploration of the hole was the team’s most detailed blue hole investigation to date. Divers and a “benthic lander” were deployed to the bottom, 350 feet down.NOAA says the team collected 17 water samples from just outside the hole down to the bottom and collected four sediment cores at the bottom. They also discovered two dead but intact smalltooth sawfish, an endangered species, at the bottom of the hole. One of the animals was recovered to undergo a necropsy.But next month, crews plan to explore an even bigger hole, called “Green Banana.”The rim of the “Green Banana” is 155 feet below the sea surface and the bottom is at a depth of approximately 425 feet, according to NOAA.“The configuration of the hole is somewhat hourglass shaped, creating new challenges for the lander deployment and water sampling,” said NOAA.From these missions, scientists are hoping to learn the following:Whether the submersed sinkholes are connected to Florida’s groundwater or if there is groundwater intrusion into the Gulf of MexicoIf a particular blue hole is secreting nutrients and thus affecting an area’s primary productionWhether microenvironments harbor unique or new species of microbesIf the Amberjack site should become a protected area 2301

SAN YSIDRO, Calif. (KGTV) -- The Department of Defense announced Monday that it plans to move an additional 300 troops to the California border, according to ABC News.The announcement was made after hundreds of migrants rushed the border in a show of force, causing the San Ysidro port of entry to close for hours.The troops were assigned to the Texas and Arizona borders, a spokesperson for US Northern Command tells ABC News.The decision was reached following an assessment by US Customs and Border Protection after the 500 migrants rushed the border.The majority of the 300 troops will be Military Police units as well as engineers. There are now 5,600 troops at the southern border in support of CBP, 1,800 of those are in California.Read the full statement from US Northern Command below:  812

SANDUSKY, Ohio — Just as summer began, so did the immigration raids in northeast Ohio.The first one happened on June 5 at Corsos, a garden and flower center in Sandusky, Ohio where 114 people were arrested as their workday started.Two weeks later, U.S Immigration and Customs Enforcement raided another company called Fresh Mark. ICE raided all three of the company's locations, including the one in Canton, Ohio. More than 140 workers were arrested there, many of them accused of using false identification to get their jobs."We want to support our families and we want to protect and defend them so that they don't get split apart which you see is happening all over the place," said Veronica Dahlberg, executive director of HOLA Ohio, a small, grassroots Latino organization based in northeast Ohio.Dahlberg and the folks at HOLA Ohio stepped in to pay some of the bonds for those arrested in Sandusky."So far we've helped 21 of the farm workers, so we post the bonds for them at the Cleveland Heights deportation office," Dahlberg said.HOLA Ohio has raised ,000 to put towards bonding out the workers, and so far they used over ,000.Dahlberg said the family reunions have been bittersweet."When you see those reunions and you can deliver mom to the children or dad back to the household and the people are just so happy," she said. "There's a lot of tears, a lot of hugs, a lot of sadness. Even though mom or dad is home, it's just a long process to try to stay here with their families."Dahlberg said although controversial, she is proud of the work she's doing."People will say 'oh you're helping illegals, you are helping people who are breaking the law,'" Dahlberg said. "I say no, we are helping the children. We are helping us citizen children keep their parents here." 1823

SAN MARCOS, Calif. (KGTV) -- A San Marcos man had to rush his small dog to the hospital after the animal was bitten by a rattlesnake that somehow managed to get into the home.Ross Margolin says he came home to feed his five dogs when he heard the dogs in the other room barking at something.When he walked into the kitchen, he says he heard the unmistakable rattle. Margolin quickly called a company that specialized in getting snakes out of the house.The man who came to collect the rattlesnake was able to quickly get the two and a half foot long reptile out of the home. Margolin says he later noticed one of his dogs was bitten by the snake.Fortunately, Margolin says his dog quickly recovered after being rushed to the animal hospital for treatment. Margolin says the snake was able to get into the home through an open sliding door.  857

SCRIPPS — For almost 75 years, the stern of the destroyer USS Abner Read lay somewhere below the dark surface of the Bering Sea off the Aleutian island of Kiska, where it sank after being torn off by an explosion while conducting an anti-submarine patrol.Seventy-one U.S. Navy sailors were lost in the aftermath of the blast, during a brutal and largely overlooked early campaign of World War II.Heroic action by the crew saved the ship, but for the families of the doomed sailors, the final resting place of loved ones lost in the predawn hours of Aug. 18, 1943, remained unknown.On July 17, a NOAA Office of Exploration and Research-funded team of scientists from Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California San Diego and the University of Delaware aided by four U.S. Navy sailors assigned to the Naval Special Warfare Group discovered the missing 75-foot stern section in 290 feet of water off Kiska, one of only two United States territories to be occupied by foreign forces in the last 200 years.“This is a significant discovery that will shed light on this little-known episode in our history,” said retired Navy Rear Adm. Tim Gallaudet, PhD, acting undersecretary of commerce for oceans and atmosphere and NOAA administrator. “It’s important to honor these U.S. Navy sailors who made the ultimate sacrifice for our nation.”Abner Read was on patrol at about 1:50 a.m. when the massive explosion — presumed to be from a Japanese mine — ripped the destroyer apart. Somehow the crew kept the main part of Abner Read’s hull watertight, and two nearby Navy ships towed it back to port.“This was catastrophic damage that by all rights should have sunk the entire ship,” said?Sam Cox, curator of the Navy and director of the Naval History and Heritage Command.Within months, the destroyer was back in the war.It went on to fight in several battles in the Pacific Theater before being destroyed in November 1944 by a Japanese dive bomber in a kamikaze attack during the battle of Leyte Gulf. Abner Read received four battle stars for her World War II service.Meanwhile, the ship’s shorn stern was lost but not forgotten. Finding it was a primary goal of the July mission to document the?underwater battlefield off Kiska.In addition to NOAA and Scripps, the project was supported by Project Recover, a public-private partnership that uses 21st-century science and technology and archival and historical research to find the final underwater resting places of Americans missing in action since WWII.Historians have been able to study battles on Kiska and Attu, the Aleutian islands that were attacked and occupied by as many as 7,200 Japanese forces from June 1942 to mid-August 1943, but this Kiska mission was the first to thoroughly explore the underwater battlefield.Many ships, aircraft and submarines from both the United States and Japan were lost during a punishing 15-month campaign to reclaim this distant windy and fogbound corner of America.Now, recent advancements in undersea technology, many developed by the Office of Naval Research, are helping to reveal the forgotten histories of long-ago valor.After multibeam sonar mounted to the side of the research ship?Norseman II identified a promising target, the team sent down a deep-diving, remotely operated vehicle to capture live video for confirmation.“There was no doubt,” said expedition leader Eric Terrill, an oceanographer at?Scripps Institution of Oceanography and co-founder of Project Recover. “We could clearly see the broken stern, the gun and rudder control, all consistent with the historical documents.”“We’ve entered a new age of exploration,” added Mark Moline, director of the?School of Marine Science and Policy at the University of Delaware and co-founder of Project Recover. “New sensors and improved underwater robots that can bring back real-time images are driving new discoveries.”Wrecks like Abner Read are protected from activities that disturb, remove, or damage them or their contents by the?Sunken Military Craft Act of 2004, though exceptions can be made for activities that have archaeological, historical, or educational purposes.The twisted metal and sharp edges of sunken military wreckage can pose life-threatening risks to divers, but according to the Naval History and Heritage Command, there’s a more important reason to protect sites like the Abner Read. They are often war graves, recognized by the U.S. Navy as the fit and final resting place for those who perished at sea.“We take our responsibility to protect those wrecks seriously,” said Cox. “They’re the last resting place of American sailors.” 4715

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