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With a coronavirus vaccine still months off, companies are rushing to test what may be the next best thing: drugs that deliver antibodies to fight the virus right away, without having to train the immune system to make them.Antibodies are proteins the body makes when an infection occurs; they attach to a virus and help it be eliminated. Vaccines work by tricking the body into thinking there’s an infection so it makes antibodies and remembers how to do that if the real bug turns up.But it can take a month or two after vaccination or infection for the most effective antibodies to form. The experimental drugs shortcut that process by giving concentrated versions of specific ones that worked best against the coronavirus in lab and animal tests.“A vaccine takes time to work, to force the development of antibodies. But when you give an antibody, you get immediate protection,” said University of North Carolina virologist Dr. Myron Cohen. “If we can generate them in large concentrations, in big vats in an antibody factory ... we can kind of bypass the immune system.”These drugs are believed to last for a month or more and could give quick, temporary immunity to people at high risk of infection, such as health workers and housemates of someone with COVID-19. If they proved effective and if a vaccine doesn’t materialize or protect as hoped, the drugs might eventually be considered for wider use, perhaps for teachers or other groups.They’re also being tested as treatments, to help the immune system and prevent severe symptoms or death.“The hope there is to target people who are in the first week of their illness and that we can treat them with the antibody and prevent them from getting sick,” said Dr. Marshall Lyon, an infectious disease specialist helping to test one such drug at Emory University in Atlanta.Having such a tool “would be a really momentous thing in our fight against COVID,” Cohen said.Vaccines are seen as a key to controlling the virus, which has been confirmed to have infected more than 20 million people worldwide and killed more than 738,000. Several companies are racing to develop vaccines, but the results of the large final tests needed to evaluate them are months away.The antibody drugs are “very promising” and, in contrast, could be available “fairly soon,” said Dr. Janet Woodcock, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration official who is leading government efforts to speed COVID-19 therapies. Key studies are underway and some answers should come by early fall.One company, Eli Lilly, has already started manufacturing its antibody drug, betting that studies now underway will give positive results.“Our goal is to get something out as soon as possible” and to have hundreds of thousands of doses ready by fall, said Lilly’s chief scientific officer, Dr. Daniel Skovronsky.Another company that developed an antibody drug cocktail against Ebola — Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. — now is testing one for coronavirus.“The success with our Ebola program gives us some confidence that we can potentially do this again,” said Christos Kyratsous, a Regeneron microbiologist who helped lead that work.Regeneron’s drug uses two antibodies to enhance chances the drug will work even if the virus evolves to evade action by one.Lilly is testing two different, single-antibody drugs — one with the Canadian company AbCellera and another with a Chinese company, Junshi Biosciences. In July, Junshi said no safety concerns emerged in 40 healthy people who tried it and that larger studies were getting underway.Others working on antibody drugs include Amgen and Adaptive Biotechnologies. The Singapore biotech company Tychan Pte Ltd. also is testing an antibody drug and has similar products in development for Zika virus and yellow fever.“I’m cautiously optimistic” about the drugs, said the nation’s top infectious diseases expert, Dr. Anthony Fauci. “I’m heartened by the experience that we had with Ebola,” where the drugs proved effective.What could go wrong?— The antibodies may not reach all of the places in the body where they need to act, such as deep in the lungs. All the antibody drugs are given through an IV and must make their way through the bloodstream to wherever they’re needed.— The virus might mutate to avoid the antibody — the reason Regeneron is testing a two-antibody combo that binds to the virus in different places to help prevent its escape.Skovronsky said Lilly stuck with one antibody because manufacturing capacity would essentially be cut in half to make two, and “you will have less doses available.” If a single antibody works, “we can treat twice as many people,” he said.— The antibodies might not last long enough. If they fade within a month, it’s still OK for treatment since COVID-19 illness usually resolves in that time. But for prevention, it may not be practical to give infusions more often than every month or two.A San Francisco company, Vir Biotechnology Inc., says it has engineered antibodies to last longer than they usually do to avoid this problem. GlaxoSmithKline has invested 0 million in Vir to test them.Giving a higher dose also may help. If half of antibodies disappear after a month, “if you give twice as much, you will have two months’ protection,” Lilly’s Skovronsky said.— The big fear: Antibodies may do the opposite of what’s hoped and actually enhance the virus’s ability to get into cells or stimulate the immune system in a way that makes people sicker. It’s a theoretical concern that hasn’t been seen in testing so far, but large, definitive experiments are needed to prove safety.“As best as we can tell, the antibodies are helpful,” Lyon said.___Marilynn Marchione can be followed on Twitter: @MMarchioneAP___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content. 5919

While many Americans will sit down and enjoy a traditional turkey dinner on Thanksgiving, some will opt to skip the tradition. Although many, if not most, major chain restaurants will be closed on Thanksgiving, there will be plenty of options for those opting to skip a meal at home. While some restaurants will be offering their standard menu, others will feature a special Thanksgiving Day menu for those just not wanting to cook. Here is a list of major chain restaurants opting to open for Thanksgiving (hours and participation vary):Boston Market: Boston Market fans have two options for Thanksgiving: Participate in the restaurant's Thanksgiving Day menu, or have the restaurant cater a meal at home. To see the full Thanksgiving menu, click here. Buca di Beppo: Like Boston Market, Buca di Beppo is offering diners the option of enjoying a traditional Thanksgiving meal in the restaurant, or by catering. Click here to see the options. Cracker Barrel: Cracker Barrel calls Thanksgiving its "busiest day of the year" as the company said all of its 647 locations will be fully staffed for Thanksgiving. For .99 for adults, and .99 for children, the restaurant is offering its Homestyle Turkey n’ Dressing Meals for in-store guests. The meal comes with gravy, a sampling of sugar cured ham, sweet potato casserole, cranberry relish, choice of a country side, a refillable beverage, buttermilk biscuits or corn muffins and a slice of pumpkin pie for dessertCracker Barrel as is offering its Heat n’ Serve Holiday Family Meals and Homestyle Turkey n’ Dressing Family Meals as a to-go option.Denny's: Most of its locations will have its standard menu available. Among the menu items, Denny's offers a turkey and stuffing meal. Fleming's Prime Steakhouse: For , guests can enjoy a three-course turkey dinner that includes all the traditional fixings. Click here for reservations and details. Golden Corral: Golden Corral will be open with a special Thanksgiving buffet, among other entrees. Prices varies by location. Click here to see the buffet menu. Ruth's Chris Steak House: The steakhouse will have a special 3-course dinner starting at .95 with all of your holiday favorites, including: Oven-roasted turkey breast; sausage and herb stuffing; sweet potato casserole; and pumpkin cheesecake. Reservations are available by clicking here. Ted's Montana Grill: Most Ted's Montana Grill locations will be open, and offering a special Thanksgiving Day menu, featuring a roast turkey feast for . Ted's will also have a select menu of other items, including burgers and steaks. Its menu and a list of participating locations is available here. Waffle House: Almost every Waffle House locations offers hash browns and other classic items 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, including Thanksgiving.  2983

WICKENBURG, AZ - A woman was found nearly a week after crashing her car near Wickenburg, Arizona earlier this month, officials say.According to the Arizona Department of Public Safety, a 53-year-old woman lost control of her vehicle along US-60 near milepost 117 on October 12. Her vehicle reportedly went through a fence, dropped 50 feet and landed in a mesquite tree, suspended over the ground. Six days later, an ADOT worker and rancher noticed the broken fence while trying to corral a cow, and saw the vehicle lodged in the tree. Emergency crews went to the scene and found the vehicle empty. Human tracks from the car led officials toward the Hassayampa riverbed where, 500 yards down, a severely dehydrated woman was found with serious injuries. She told officials that she stayed in the car for several days before climbing out and went toward the railroad tracks hoping someone would find her, however, she didn’t make it that far due to her injuries.      A medical helicopter was called and took her to the hospital for treatment.Officials did not go into further detail about the woman's injuries or the cause of the crash. “The diligence of the ADOT crew and teamwork of everyone involved is exemplary and to be commended. Due to their outstanding efforts, this woman’s life was saved," DPS Director Colonel Frank Milstead said in a media release.  1424

What's happening in the political world:Delta, United joins list of companies cutting ties with NRA-- Delta and United airlines have joined several large companies that pulled benefits offered to National Rifle Association members, following calls to boycott the organization following their response to the Parkland, Fla., school shooting.Delta tweeted that they have requested to be removed from the NRA's website: "Delta is reaching out to the NRA to let them know we will be ending their contract for discounted rates through our group travel program. We will be requesting that the NRA remove our information from their website.""United is notifying the NRA that we will no longer offer a discounted rate to their annual meeting and we are asking that the NRA remove our information from their website," United similarly tweeted Saturday.  Metlife, Symantec, and Enterprise are just some of the companies who announced they will cut ties with the NRA this week. None of the companies have given details about why or when they decided to cut ties, but the news comes as the hashtag #BoycottNRA has circulated widely on social media.Manafort indictment alleges secret payments to European politicians 1246

WISCONSIN — A 19-year-old man has been charged with two felonies after police say he gave a gun to Kyle Rittenhouse the night two protesters were killed in Kenosha.Prosecutors say Dominick Black purchased the weapon from the Ladysmith Ace Home Center using money he received from 17-year-old Rittenhouse. Police say Black bought the weapon for Rittenhouse because he wasn't 18-years-old yet and couldn't do it himself.Black and Rittenhouse agreed that the rifle would be stored at Black's stepdad's house since Rittenhouse did not have an Illinois Firearm Owner Identification card, according to the criminal complaint. Black's stepdad lives in Kenosha.On Aug. 23, Jacob Blake was shot in the back several times by Kenosha police. The following days were then full of protests and unrest in Kenosha.According to the criminal complaint, on Aug. 25, Rittenhouse and Black volunteered to protect the Car Source located on Sheridan Road. The two met at Black's stepdad's house where Black gave Rittenhouse the gun he had purchased, a Smith & Wesson M&P 15 rifle.Around 11:49 p.m. that night, Rittenhouse used the gun to allegedly shoot and kill two individuals, Joseph Rosenbaum and Anthony Huber. Both killings were captured on video by witnesses and the videos were widely shared on social media, police say.Now, Rittenhouse is facing trial in Wisconsin and Black has been charged with two counts of intentionally giving a dangerous weapon to a person under 18, causing death.This crime is punishable for up to six years in prison, per count.This story originally reported by Julia Marshall on TMJ4.com. 1618

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