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Beijing, Sept. 6 (Xinhua) -- A sperm donation scandal disclosed recently has aroused growing concern in the United States.According to the New York Times' report, Ryan Kramer, the son of a donor, found that he has more than 150 half-siblings - they are all the children of the same donor."It's wild when we see them all together - they all look alike," said Cynthia Daily, mother of Kramer.As more women choose to have children on their own, the demand for sperm donors has surged.Some sperm banks are earning huge profits by allowing too many mothers to receive sperms from the same popular donors, according to the report.And this trend will lead to risks: rare genetic diseases could be spread more widely, and the children of the same donor could meet and, unbeknownst to them, commit incest, medical experts warned.Parents and donors are calling for a tighter regulation so that donor children can know more about their donors, and the number of kids from each donor can be limited.

VIENNA, Sept. 9 (Xinhua) -- The three-day Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) exhibition opened Friday in the Flower Garden Hirschstetten in Vienna, with the aim to introduce traditional Chinese medicine to the Austrians and to arouse their interest in the culture of Chinese medicine.Holding for the second time, the exhibition this year have attracted more visitors to take part in the health talks on traditional Chinese medicine, read or buy books around the theme of traditional Chinese medicine. Some visitors enthusiastically tried Chinese diet therapy prepared by the organizers.In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine has been increasingly recognized and accepted in Austria. It has already not only entered into the classroom but also into the hospital and clinic.Some private health insurance companies in Austria have started to include the treatment by traditional Chinese medicine into their insuring categories. Chinese patent drugs are already available in many pharmacies in Austria.But in general, traditional Chinese medicine still faces many limits in Austria, which hasn't been involved into the public health insurance system. Some Austrians still have doubts of Chinese medicine, in particular the medicinal herb drugs. All these have restricted the development of traditional Chinese medicine here.Currently, major clinics of traditional Chinese medicine carry out only acupuncture and moxibustion, massage and other health-care physical therapy.Richard Schmerker, a doctor of traditional Chinese medicine in Austria, told reporters that the development of traditional Chinese medicine here still faces many challenges and the biggest one is the shortage of effective propaganda and popularization.But he expressed his full confidence about the future of traditional Chinese medicine in Austria. He said, the uniqueness of finding the root cause of diseases and laying the axe to the root will make it be accepted by more and more Austrians.

WASHINGTON, June 16 (Xinhua) -- Cells in the human body are constantly being exposed to stress from environmental chemicals or errors in routine cellular processes. While stress can cause damage, it can also provide the stimulus for undoing the damage. New research by a team of scientists at the University of Rochester has unveiled an important new mechanism that allows cells to recognize when they are under stress and prime the DNA repair machinery to respond to the threat of damage.Their findings will be published Friday in journal Science. Cells in the human body are constantly being exposed to stress from environmental chemicals or errors in routine cellular processes. While stress can cause damage, it can also provide the stimulus for undoing the damage.The scientists, led by biologists Vera Gorbunova and Andrei Seluanov, focused on the most dangerous type of DNA damage -- double strand breaks. Unrepaired, this type of damage can lead to premature aging and cancer. They studied how oxidative stress affects efficiency of DNA repair. Oxidative stress occurs when the body is unable to neutralize the highly-reactive molecules, which are typically produced during routine cellular activities.The research team found that human cells undergoing oxidative stress synthesized more of a protein called SIRT6. By increasing SIRT6 levels, cells were able to stimulate their ability to repair double strand breaks. When the cells were treated with a drug that inactivated SIRT6, DNA repair came to a halt, thus confirming the role of SIRT6 in DNA repair. Gorbunova notes that the SIRT6 protein is structurally related to another protein, SIR2, which has been shown to extend lifespan in multiple model organisms."SIRT6 also affects DNA repair when there is no oxidative stress," explains Gorbunova. "It's just that the effect is magnified when the cells are challenged with even small amounts of oxidative stress."SIRT6 allows the cells to be economical with their resources, priming the repair enzymes only when there is damage that needs to be repaired. Thus SIRT6 may be a master regulator that coordinates stress and DNA repair activities, according to Gorbunova.

WASHINGTON, June 8 (Xinhua) -- Hundreds of small genetic variations are associated with autism spectrum disorders, including an area of DNA that may be a key to understanding why humans are social animals, according to a multi-site collaborative study led by researchers at Yale University.To be published Thursday in the journal Neuron, the study reinforces the theory that autism, a disorder that develops in early childhood involving impairments in social interaction, language deficits and distinctive behaviors, is not caused by one or two major genetic defects, but by many small variations, each associated with a small percentage of cases.The study looked at more than 1,000 families in which there was a single child with an autism spectrum disorder, an unaffected sibling and unaffected parents. The team compared individuals with autism to their siblings to determine what types of genetic changes distinguished the affected child from the unaffected child.One of the most intriguing of these findings points to the same small section of the genome that causes Williams syndrome -- a developmental disorder marked by high sociability and an unusual aptitude for music.In autism, there is an increase in the chromosomal material, an extra copy of this region, and in Williams syndrome, there's a loss of that same material," said lead author Matthew State. "What makes this observation particularly interesting is that Williams syndrome is known for a personality type that is highly empathetic, social, and sensitive to the emotional state of others. Individuals with autism often have difficulties in the opposite direction. This suggests that there is an important key in that region to understanding the nature of the social brain."State and his team also found about 30 other regions in the genome that are very likely contributing to autism and are focused on about six of those regions that showed the strongest evidence."We're now moving on to a second phase of the study looking at an additional 1,600 families and should be able to identify multiple new regions that are strongly implicated in autism," he said.

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