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WASHINGTON, Nov. 8 (Xinhua) -- Children with autism have more brain cells and heavier brains compared to typically developing children, according to a study to be published on Wednesday in the Journal of the American Medical Association.The small, preliminary study provides direct evidence for possible prenatal causes of autism.The prefrontal cortex is involved in various higher order functions such as language and communication, social behavior, mood, and attention. Children who have autism tend to show deficits in such functions.Eric Courchesne, of the University of San Diego School of Medicine Autism Center of Excellence, and colleagues conducted direct counts of brain cells in specific regions of the prefrontal cortex in postmortem brains of seven boys who had autism and six typically developing males, ranging in age from 2-16 years. Most participants had died in accidents, but the researchers did not base their selection on causes of death.The researchers found that children with autism had 67 percent more neurons in the prefrontal cortex and heavier brains for their age compared to typically developing children. Since these neurons are produced before birth, the study's findings suggest that faulty prenatal cell birth or maintenance may be involved in the development of autism. Another possible factor that may contribute to the neuronal excess is a reduction in apoptosis, or programmed cell death, which normally occurs during the third trimester and early postnatal life.Though small, this preliminary study examined all relevant postmortem tissue available at the time. The relative scarcity of tissue from very young children may limit future research as well, but efforts to include a larger number of samples are needed to confirm these findings and to identify patterns of age-related changes in autism, the researchers say."Earlier studies of head circumference and early brain overgrowth have pointed us in this direction, but there have been few quantitative neuroanatomical studies due to the lack of postmortem tissue from children with autism," said Thomas Insel, director of the National Institute of Mental Health, in a statement. "These new results, along with an earlier study reporting altered wiring of the prefrontal cortex, focus our attention on this critical area of the brain in autism."

WASHINGTON, Nov. 16 (Xinhua) -- Supervised exercise was shown to be more effective than stenting or medication for improved walking ability in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD), according to a U.S. study reported Wednesday at the 2011 American Heart Association Scientific Sessions meeting.The research group reported that of 111 patients studied in the randomized trial, the most effective treatment proved to be supervised exercise based on the results of a treadmill test taken at baseline and again at six months. Patients who were in the supervised exercise group improved by a mean of 4.6 minutes in the treadmill test, while the group who received stents improved by a mean of 2.5 minutes. However, researchers found that self-reported quality of life measurements proved to be higher in the group that received stents, even though their ability to walk did not improve as greatly as the group that received supervised exercise rehabilitation.The findings were published in the November issue of the journal Circulation. The researchers believe that more studies are necessary, although supervised exercise may be an effective treatment recommended for PAD patients with claudication.PAD is a condition in which plaque builds up in the arteries and affects blood flow, especially to the legs. It is estimated that between 10 and 12 million people suffer from PAD in the United States. One symptom of PAD is known as claudication, a painful cramping of the leg muscles that limits the patient's ability to walk. It affects nearly 2 million people who suffer from PAD, and results in a sedentary lifestyle and poor quality of life.Current U.S. guidelines for the treatment of claudication include pharmacotherapy, supervised exercise rehabilitation and lower extremity revascularization using stents.

BEIJING, Jan. 9 (Xinhua) -- China's official website for booking train tickets received a daily average of more than 1 billion hits during the first week of January, according to a railway official.Hu Yadong, vice minister of railways, said Sunday that the online ticket sales platform has provided consumers with a convenient way to buy tickets. He also addressed complaints about the fairness of the sales process."Train tickets sold online or by telephone have topped 2 million daily, meaning that around one-third of passengers don't have to wait in line at train stations for several hours to get a ticket," Hu said.However, many Chinese have expressed dissatisfaction with the website, with some people unable to get train tickets home for this year's Spring Festival holiday, a major holiday in China.Several customers posted their complaints on popular microblogging website weibo.com, stating that the booking site often failed due to "too many visits at the same time."The Spring Festival holiday is always a difficult time for China's public transportation authorities. A total of 3.16 billion passenger trips are expected during the holiday, up 9.1 percent from a year earlier, of which 235 million trips will be made via the country's railways, up 6.1 percent year-on-year, said Hu.This year's transport rush in the Spring Festival Season started on Sunday and will end on Feb. 16, according to the Ministry of Railways.

BEIJING, Oct. 25 (Xinhuanet) -- Steve Jobs, Apple's co-founder and former CEO, may be one of the great men who will still be influential after their deaths.The new biography of Steve Jobs is likely to be the top-selling book 2011 of Amazon.com Inc, an online book retailer, according to Amazon spokeswoman Brittany Turner Monday."It could very likely be our top-selling book of the year," Turner said in a statement cited by the Reuters.Steve Jobs, written by Walter Isaacson, former Time magazine managing editor, was landed on shelves in bookstores Monday.But its digital version was reported to be released late on Sunday on Apple's iBooks online store and Amazon's Kindle eBook store.Since its release, the biography, both electronic and physical versions, has performed very well in Amazon.It is the best-selling book on Amazon.com and the top-selling electronic book on the Kindle as well. According to the Reuters, Isaacson was asked by Jobs to consider writing a biography for Apple's former CEO in 2004, when Jobs was going to be operated on for pancreatic cancer.Then Isaacson had more than 40 exclusive interviews with Steve Jobs. The last such interview was on October 5, one week before the giant's death.

BEIJING, Dec. 16 (Xinhua) -- China issued rules for pilot programs of RMB Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors (RQFII) on Friday, formally giving a green light to investment of overseas RMB funds in mainland securities markets.The move is expected to widen the investment channel of overseas RMB funds and add new momentum to the country's bid to make the RMB an international currency.Hong Kong subsidiaries of fund management companies and securities firms can use RMB funds raised in Hong Kong to invest in mainland securities within a permitted quota, according to the rules jointly released by the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC), the People's Bank of China and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange.The total investment quota of RQFII pilot programs is set at around 20 billion yuan (3.15 billion U.S. dollars), according to the rules.To control risks, qualified investors should invest no less than 80 percent of the RMB funds they raised in fixed-income securities, while investment in stocks and equity funds should account for no more than 20 percent.The CSRC will join other related departments to study the possibility of further expanding the trial program after its launch, said a CSRC official who declined to be identified.The launch of the RQFII will open another significant channel for overseas RMB funds to flow back into the country, said the CSRC official.It will also help diversify investment products for overseas RMB funds and facilitate off-shore RMB business, the official said.The RMB is not fully convertible under the capital account but China has stepped up efforts to make the currency more international over the past few years.The government has encouraged the use of the RMB in cross-border trade and investment settlement and approved foreign direct investment in overseas RMB funds obtained overseas.It also allowed Hong Kong to establish an offshore yuan market and has expanded trade settlement agreements and currency swaps to create more channels for the yuan to circulate outside the mainland.