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BEIJING, July 25 (Xinhuanet) -- More than one in three births in the U.S. are  delivered by C-section, which is an all time high and an increase of 25 percent over seven years, according to news reports Monday quoting a new study.Based on data from 19 states, C-section, or Cesarean, deliveries shot up from 27 percent of all births in 2002 to 34 percent in 2009, said the study by HealthGrades.  HealthGrades is an independent health care ratings organization with information on physicians, dentists and 5,000 hospitals in the nation.The study noted that the states with the highest rates are Texas, New Jersey and Florida while Utah, Colorado and Wisconsin are the lowest.Experts hold C-section deliveries are most suitable when vaginal delivery puts the health of the woman or child at risk, but also attributing the reason of increase to convenience, less risk, fertility and general attitudes.However, Divya Cantor, MD, MBA and HealthGrades Senior Physician Consultant. cautioned, "C-sections are rising, and there needs to be a little bit more scrutiny from the person who is having the C-section as well as doctors and hospitals."

BEIJING, Aug. 13 (Xinhua) -- Chinese rating agency Dagong Global Credit Rating Co. on Saturday defended its AAA rating given to the Ministry of Railways, which has been under public fire over a train collision last month.The ministry received the long-term credit rating after launching on Monday its first bond sales since the crash on July 23 that killed 40 people near the Wenzhou city of eastern Zhejiang province.It sold 20 billion yuan worth of three-month bills on offer in the interbank market, with a yield of 5.55 percent, a relatively high rate for short-term government paper.The rating was assigned because of the ministry's status as a government agency backed by the central government revenue, its sufficient capital flows and strong financing ability, Dagong said in an email to Xinhua.The agency made the elaboration in response to market doubts as the ministry is already heavily indebted and the accident has stirred up skepticism about the its credibility and the safety of fast-expanding railways.Adding to doubts is that the AAA rating of the ministry is even a notch above China's local currency debt rating of AA+, which was also rated by Dagong.Government data showed the ministry's debts exceeded 2 trillion yuan (313 billion U.S. dollars) as of the end of June, raising its debt ratio to 58.53 percent, slightly up from the end of the first quarter of this year.Dagong said in the statement that the debt-to-asset ratio is medium level, lower than the alert line for the ministry which is 75 percent.The ministry has large-scale assets of good quality and relatively large room for fund-raising, Dagong said.The ministry has "extremely strong" repayment ability as it is backed by the state's credit, Dagong said, referring it as one of the three authorities that are allowed to issue bonds, along with the Ministry of Finance and the People's Bank of China.In July, the ministry issued 20 billion yuan of one-year commercial papers with a coupon rate of 5.18 percent, but only 18.73 billion yuan of the total was bought.Analysts said it has become more difficult for the ministry to borrow money because of tightened market liquidity and concerns over the ministry's debt burden.China's top four banks said at the end of last month that they will continue to offer loans to the ministry based on market conditions and risk appraisal. Credit from the four largest state-owned banks including the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China and the Construction Bank of China has been the major source funding the construction of China's fast-growing railways in recent years.

NAIROBI, Aug. 18 (Xinhua) -- The World Health Organization (WHO) on Thursday decried increased number of confirmed cholera cases in the Somalian capital Mogadishu, and growing reports of acute watery diarrhea in Kismayo and other crowded urban centers, saying an urgent multi-sector response to contain the spread of this highly contagious disease is being mounted.The UN health agency said has confirmed cholera in Banadir, Bay, Mudug and Lower Shabelle regions and the number of acute watery diarrhea cases has increased dramatically in the last few months.WHO Representative for Somalia Marthe Everard said combination of poor sanitation conditions, a shortage of safe water, overcrowding and high malnutrition rates, creates the perfect combination for infectious diseases, such as cholera and pneumonia, to spread and increase the number of deaths. "For the last few years, a network of health workers reporting to the early warning system is in place, however they report through a health facility or mobile clinic. Yet the large numbers of displaced people in Mogadishu are making it more difficult to record the various diseases," Everard said in a statement issued in Nairobi. "We urgently need more mobile clinics that will provide basic health care services to the many displaced and who will strengthen the reporting on new outbreaks. This is critical to our response and our ability to save lives."According to WHO, about seventy-five percent of all cases of acute watery diarrhea are children under the age of five.Since January this year, 4,272 cases of acute watery diarrhea/ cholera have been reported in Banadir Hospital in Mogadishu alone. However, at this stage most of the cholera cases in the various regions are contained and under control. "Our major concern is to monitor and detect new disease outbreaks in the many informal settlements set up by internally displaced people in and around Mogadishu", says Everard.Although cholera is endemic in the country, the last major cholera outbreak was in 2007 with an estimated 67,000 cases.WHO said recent efforts to cholrinate the water supply of Mogadishu, along with efforts to improve hygiene and sanitation have prevented a serious outbreak but with the large influx of some 100,000 people alone this year into Mogadishu, bringing the total number of IDPs in the capital to an estimated 470,000, many are living in overcrowded settlements, there is an acute shortage of safe water and adequate sanitation. "There is no need for a child to die of diarrhea, yet this is tragic reality for a Somali child, who is acutely malnourished. It is a lethal combination." said Rozanne Chorlton, UNICEF Representative for Somalia. "These types of diseases can be prevented and treated quickly, but to save children's lives we need to make sure safe water, sanitation and hygiene along with early access to primary health care, are an integral part of our emergency response."WHO said partners in the health and water and sanitation sectors are currently preparing for a potential 100,000 cholera cases including 80,000 moderate cases and 20,000 severe cases.Emergency diarrheal disease kits made up of medical supplies such as syringes, infusions, and oral rehydration fluids (ORS), already prepositioned by UNICEF and WHO have been sent to 13 hospitals.An additional 200 diarrheal disease kits, each able to treat 100 severe cases and 400 moderate cases are being procured and should be in Southern Somalia in the next few weeks, it said.In addition, WHO said, the case management of severe dehydration with and without malnutrition is being strengthened and focus is now on mobilizing a network of already trained community health promoters to move from door to door with health hygiene education messages. "Health posts will be stocked with essential medicines and ORS to identify and promptly treat patients. Many of Southern Somalia' s rural areas and urban centers rely on shallow wells, which unless protected or treated with chlorine can serve as the perfect breeding ground for water borne diseases," it said.To respond to this threat and prevent a major outbreak, the UN health agency said partners in the water, sanitation and hygiene sector are scaling up their actions to target 1.5 million people across high risk areas of the south.Supplies of chlorine and essential items for hygiene and household treatment and storage of water are being distributed.Already 217 water sources are being chlorinated and 58 water point outlets benefitting 483,200 residents and internally displaced people in Mogadishu.In addition, household hygiene supplies, including water purification tablets, soap and buckets, enough for 48,000 families, are being distributed at existing feeding centers for malnourished children.Campaigns to educate families about the treatment of drinking water, safe disposal of waste and encourage hand washing with soap will also be scaled up in high risk communities.As part of the updated 2011 UN Consolidated Appeal for Somalia, an estimated 80 million U.S. dollars is needed for the health sector and 78 million dollars is required for the water, sanitation and hygiene sector.So far, each sector has respectively raised 30 percent and 37 percent of the required money.

WASHINGTON, June 20 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on Monday unveiled in a report a new strategy to meet the challenges posed by rapidly rising imports of FDA- regulated products and a complex global supply chain.The report, titled "Pathway to Global Product Safety and Quality," calls on the agency to transform the way it conducts business and to act globally in order to promote and protect the health of U.S. consumers.According to the report, the FDA will partner with its counterparts worldwide to create global coalitions of regulators focused on ensuring and improving global product safety and quality. The coalitions of regulators will develop international data information systems and networks, and increase the regular and proactive sharing of data and regulatory resources across world markets.The FDA will build in additional information gathering and analysis capabilities with an increased focus on risk analytics and information technology. It increasingly will leverage the efforts of public and private third parties and industry and allocate FDA resources based on risk."FDA regulated imports have quadrupled since 2000. The FDA and our global regulatory partners recognize this new reality and realize we must work proactively and collaboratively to address the challenges we face," FDA Commissioner Margaret Hamburg said in a statement. "The FDA must further collaborate and leverage in order to close the gap between our import levels and our regulatory resources. This report is an important step in ensuring we are able to fulfill our critical public health mission."