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Sticking to a normal daily rhythm -- being active during the day and sleeping at night -- can have more benefits than you might expect.A new study found that it is linked to improvements in mood and cognitive functioning as well as a decreased likelihood of developing major depression and bipolar disorder.The study, published Tuesday in the journal The Lancet Psychiatry, looked at disruptions in the circadian rhythms -- or daily sleep-wake cycles -- of over 91,000 adults in the United Kingdom. It measured these disruptions using a device called an accelerometer that is worn on the wrist and measures one's daily activity levels. The participants were taken from the UK Biobank, a large cohort of over half a million UK adults ages 37 to 73.The researchers found that individuals with more circadian rhythm disruptions -- defined as increased activity at night, decreased activity during the day or both -- were significantly more likely to have symptoms consistent with bipolar disorder or major depression. They were also more likely to have decreased feelings of well-being and to have reduced cognitive functioning, based on a computer-generated reaction time test.For all participants, activity levels were measured over a seven-day period in either 2013 or 2014, and mental health proxies such as mood and cognitive functioning were measured using an online mental health questionnaire that participants filled out in 2016 or 2017."It's widely known that a good night's sleep is a good thing for well-being and health. That's not a big surprise," said?Dr. Daniel Smith, professor of psychiatry at the University of Glasgow and a leading author on the study. "But I think what's less well-known and what comes out of this work is that not only is a good night's sleep important, but having a regular rhythm of being active in daylight and inactive in darkness over time is important for mental well-being."The findings were found to be consistent even when controlling for a number of influential factors including age, sex, lifestyle, education and body mass index, according to Smith."I think one of the striking things that we found was just the consistency in the direction of our association across everything we looked at in terms of mental health," Smith said.Daily circadian rhythm is controlled by a collection of neurons in an area of the brain called the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus helps regulate a number of important behavioral and physiological functions such as body temperature, eating and drinking habits, emotional well-being and sleep, according to the?National Institute of General Medical Sciences.The findings are consistent with research indicating a link between sleep disruptions and mood disorders. A 2009 study, for example, showed that men who worked night shifts for four years or more were more likely to have anxiety and depression than those who work during the day.However, the new study is the first to use objective measurements of daily activity and is among the largest of its kind, according to?Aiden Doherty, senior research fellow at the University of Oxford, who was not involved in the research."This study is the first large-scale investigation of the association of objectively measured circadian rhythmicity with various mental health, well-being, personality and cognitive outcomes, with an unprecedented sample size of more than 90 000 participants," Doherty wrote in an email."Previous studies have been very small (in just a few hundred people), or relied on self-report measures (asking people what they think they do). ... However, this study used objective device-based measures in over 90,000 participants; and then linked this information to standard measures of mood disorders, subjective well-being, and cognitive function," he added.The findings have significant public health consequences, particularly for those who live in urban areas, where circadian rhythms are often disrupted due to artificial light, according to Smith."By 2030, two-thirds of the world's population will be living in cities, and we know that living in an urban environment can be pretty toxic to your circadian system because of all the artificial light that you're exposed to," Smith said."So we need to think about ways to help people tune in to their natural rhythms of activity and sleeping more effectively. Hopefully, that will protect a lot of people from mood disorders."For those who struggle to maintain a consistent circadian rhythm, certain strategies -- such as avoiding technology at night -- have proven to be an important part of good sleep hygiene."Not using your phone late at night and having a regular pattern of sleeping is really important," Smith said. "But equally important is a pattern of exposing yourself to sunshine and daylight in the morning and doing activity in the morning or midday so you can actually sleep properly."Based on the observational nature of the study, the researchers were unable to show causality, meaning it is unclear whether the sleep disturbances caused the mental health problems or vice versa."It's a cross-sectional study, so we can't say anything about cause and effect or what came first, the mood disorder or the circadian disruption," said Kristen Knutson, associate professor of neurology at Northwestern's Feinberg School of Medicine, who was not involved in the study."And it's likely they affect each other in a circular fashion," she added.The researchers also looked exclusively at adults between age 37 and 73, meaning the results may not apply to younger individuals, whose circadian rhythms are known to be different than those of older adults, according to Smith."The circadian system changes throughout life. If you've got kids, you know that very young kids tend to be nocturnal," Smith said. "My suspicion is that we might observe even more pronounced effects in younger samples, but that hasn't been done yet, to my knowledge."But the study adds more credence to the idea that sleep hygiene -- including maintaining a consistent pattern of sleep and wake cycles -- may be an important component of good mental health, according to Smith."It's an exciting time for this kind of research because it's beginning to have some real-world applications," Smith said. "And from my point of view as a psychiatrist, I think it's probably under-recognized in psychiatry how important healthy circadian function is, but it's an area that we're trying to develop." 6496

Stephen Miller became the latest member of the Trump administration to test positive for the coronavirus, CNN and the New York Times reported on Tuesday. 162

TALLAHASSEE, Fla. — A former Florida Health employee whose home was raided by state police in connection with a data breach could face prison time if charged and convicted, according to legal experts. In an exclusive interview, Rebekah Jones said she had nothing to do with the hack and claimed the raid against her is retribution by a state government angry over her attempts to expose an alleged cover-up of COVID-19 deaths. RELATED: Gov. DeSantis appointee quits over raid on ex-state worker's home"My husband woke me up, and he said, 'they're here,'" Jones said of Monday's police raid. "Since this summer, I've been expecting someone to come knocking on my door to just arrest me — take me away."Jones has spent months calling out state officials, alleging they're misrepresenting COVID-19 case numbers. When authorities arrived at her doorstep, she said she emailed her legal team and turned on a camera, capturing the raid on video."When I decided to build my own site, and after people cared that I did that and paid attention to that, I just assumed the governor would be coming after me," Jones said. 1118

TALLAHASSEE, Fla. — A Florida judge sided with a state teacher's union Monday in ruling that the Florida Department of Education could not require all brick and mortar schools to open by the end of the month or lose funding.Leon County Circuit Judge Charles Dodson ruled in favor of the Florida Education Association (FEA), in a lawsuit meant to stop the Education Department's order that would require all schools in the state to reopen for in-person classes by Aug. 31 or face loss of funding. The union filed their lawsuit shortly after the mandate was issued on July 6, claiming the order was in violation of the constitution's safe and secure public education guarantee.The FEA said Monday's ruling is a victory for schools all around the state of Florida."It is a pushback on reckless disregard on human life," said Randi Weingarten, the president of the American Federation of Teachers. "It is a pushback on politics overtaking safety and the science and the well being of communities."Fred Piccolo, a spokesperson for the governor's office, said the state intended to appeal the ruling."We intend to appeal this ruling and are confident in our position and in the authority of the Commissioner and the Governor to do what is best for our students," Piccolo said.The legal team for the FEA says the state can appeal, which would mean an automatic stay in the ruling given Monday. To lift the stay, the state would need to deliver more arguments in front of Dodson.This story was originally published by Kristian Thomas on WTXL in Tallahassee, Florida. 1566

Students around the country have started to sign petitions, demanding colleges reduce tuition costs amid the pandemic. A recent survey by OneClass.com shows 93 percent of college students feel tuition should be reduced this semester since most classes will be held online.“I feel terrible, you know, by this one semester that I have to pay the exact same amount as I would by getting a whole college experience,” said Gabrielle Perez.Perez is a junior at Michigan State University and is one of many college students demanding lower tuition with online classes. She started a petition at her school, claiming “online classes hold a far less value compared to those that were once in a classroom”“You are at a Big Ten school. I am paying for a Big Ten school. I’m not getting the Big Ten-school experience,” said Perez.Currently, MSU has only committed to a tuition freeze, which essentially keeps tuition the same as the previous two years. However, around the country, other higher education institutions have begun reducing their tuition.Georgetown University, Princeton University, Lafayette College, Rowan University, Spelman College, Clark Atlanta University, and American University are just some of the higher education institutions that have lowered tuition by 10 percent. Schools like Hampton University and Williams College have lowered their tuition by 15 percent, while Southern New Hampshire University (SNHU) announced it will be offering incoming freshman full-tuition scholarships for the first year. All other SNHU students will have their tuition rate slashed from ,000 to ,000.Most schools have held strong in maintaining current tuition rates, with a few even raising tuition.“You can’t talk about prices and what institutions are charging students without talking about cost,” said Denisa Gandara, an assistant professor of educational policy and leadership at Southern Methodist University. “In many cases, the costs are going up.”Gandara explained many higher education institutions are reluctant to reduce tuition because of additional costs this year. Those additional costs include the cost of remote-learning equipment, training instructors to teach remotely effectively, and higher health insurance premiums.“I imagine institutions are still looking at their numbers and trying to decide whether they do need to lower their prices to attract more students,” she said.Some fear a significant number of college students will drop out or take the semester off, and some students have threatened that in their petitions.“You have so much time to go back to college anyways, that this one semester or maybe a whole year is not going to define you,” said Perez.Financial experts like Calvin Williams, Jr., CEO at Freeman Capital, believe a semester or two away from a four-year higher education institution may not be so bad after all. In fact, from a financial perspective both short and long-term, he is encouraging students to do this.During this pandemic, his company has been providing college students with advice on how to save on college tuition. One major way to save, according to William, Jr., is to consider taking transferable classes at a community college where tuition is already drastically lower than that at a four-year college or university.“Going down the community college-first route, for at least a COVID time like this, it will allow you to save money on tuition on room and board, and you will have a lot of flexibility in a year or two when you transfer to a four-year, carry those credits but carry less debt,” said William, Jr. 3592