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ESCONDIDO, Calif. (KGTV) -- The San Diego Zoo is now five years into its ambitious attempt to save a critically endangered species, the Northern White Rhino, from extinction. There are currently just two Northern White's still alive, both females who are unable to give birth. They live at a preserve in Kenya.“It’s the only thing that keeps me going, thinking that this is possible and that we can save a species," says Dr. Marisa Korody, part of the team working on the project. The concept sounds like a science fiction novel. The plan is to take skin cells from Northern White rhinos preserved at the Safari Park's Frozen Zoo. Using Nobel Prize-winning technology developed 14 years ago, Dr. Korody is working to use those skin cells to make stem cells. Stem cells can then be converted into any other kind of cell. In this case, the genetically pure Northern White Rhino sperm and eggs that could be used for in vitro fertilization, with Southern White Rhinos, a close genetic cousin of the Northern White, to use as surrogate mothers. Dr. Korody says her team has made great progress, including successfully turning skin cells from Angilifu, a male Northern White rhino who died at the Safari Park in 2014, into stem cells and turning those stem cells into heart cells. They even recorded incredible video of those living heart cells beating in a petri dish. “We basically jumped up and down in the lab. That was probably one of the most exciting days we’ve had. We were pulling people in from the hallways to say, come look and see what we did.” Along with the cell portion of the project, tremendous progress has also been made with the in vitro research. This fall, the Zoo celebrated the first birthdays of two Southern White Rhinos who were born using the technology the team hopes to use with the Northern White embryos. “These two, Edward and future, are so healthy, so happy, so well-adjusted. I don’t have children of my own, but I think it must be the same kind, on some scale, of pride you feel in your own children," said Dr. Barbara Durrant, who leads that portion of the project. When ABC 10News first began covering the Northern White Rhino plan in 2015, Dr. Durrant estimated it would be ten years before a Northern White calf would be successfully born. Now halfway through that timeline, she says she believes they are right on track. 2366

Experts say the finalization of a COVID-19 vaccine is in our near future. Dr. William Moss is a professor of epidemiology and the executive director of the International Vaccine Access Center at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.“Remarkable progress has been made in the development of COVID-19 vaccines,” Dr. William Moss said.He says it typically takes five to 10 years to develop a vaccine, but with so much money and attention going toward COVID-19, he believes it’s likely we’ll have a vaccine by the end of the year.“I’m pretty confident that there will be a vaccine that will have an emergency-use authorization in the United States by the end of 2020,” Dr. Moss said.According to Dr. Moss, of the dozens if not hundreds of vaccine candidates in clinical trials, there are three vaccine candidates that have reached phase three. Phase three is when tens of thousands of volunteers test the vaccine to make sure it’s safe and effective.As of this week, we have optimistic news regarding phase-three efficacy results from biopharmaceutical company Pfizer – which has been collaborating with German company BioNTech.“Early preliminary results suggests that their vaccine is 90% or so effective in preventing mild to moderate or severe disease.”If the 90% efficacy data holds up after follow ups from participants in late November, Dr. Moss says he expects the FDA will rigorously review the data and approve the vaccine for distribution. That means health care workers and other high-priority groups would get the vaccine in December of this year, or early next year.“Pfizer says that they could have close to 50 million doses by the end of this year," Dr. Moss said. "Now remember their vaccine – as a number of the vaccine candidates do – requires two doses per individual. So, 50 million doses allows you to vaccinate about 25 million people.”Dr. Moss says the unprecedented investment in vaccine manufacturing will make it possible for the vaccine to be distributed so quickly. However, there are still quite a few logistical challenges since he says the Pfizer vaccine requires extreme cold temperatures as low as minus 117 degrees Fahrenheit.“So we need warehouses to store the vaccine that have freezers that can maintain that cold, we need transportation systems – planes, trucks – that can deliver the vaccine and keep it cold. And then at the site of distribution, we need to be able to keep these vaccines cold.”Therefore, he says it will likely take a lot longer for the general population to get the vaccine. He’s guessing not until the middle of 2021. Of course, the idea of saving lives with the help of a vaccine is very promising, but he says the greatest misconception is that we can go back to "normal" as soon as it’s distributed.“That by no means is going to indicate that we can go back to our pre-pandemic life," Dr. Moss said. "We will not know whether these vaccines stop transmission and we’re going to still need to wear masks, to wash our hands and physically distance even when vaccines become available.”Time and patience will be vital as we wait to see the long-term impacts of the vaccine in this pandemic. 3168

Federal Communications Commission Chairman Ajit Pai, a Republican, says he is leaving the telecommunications regulator on Inauguration Day. President-elect Joe Biden will choose a new Democratic head for the agency. A new administration typically picks a new chairman. The FCC typically has three commissioners of the majority party and two in the minority party. It currently has two Democratic commissioners, Jessica Rosenworcel and Geoffrey Starks, one of whom Biden could choose to elevate to chairman or choose someone from outside the agency.Pai and another Republican commissioner, Michael O’Rielly, are leaving the agency. O’Rielly is leaving because the White House pulled his nomination after he said he wasn’t sure the agency had authority on Section 230. Congress is weighing the nomination of another Republican, Nathan Simington.Pai has presided over a contentious FCC. He undid net neutrality rules that barred internet service providers like Comcast and AT&T from favoring some types of online traffic over others in 2017 and championed other deregulatory efforts. The incoming FCC is likely to try to reinstate net neutrality rules and focus on getting internet service to more Americans.They will likely not act on a recent directive from the Trump administration to look at Section 230 in an effort to regulate social media companies like Facebook and Twitter. Section 230 shields internet companies from lawsuits about posts by users. The Trump administration has gone after the law, alleging with no evidence that social networks censor conservatives. Pai had recently said the FCC could move forward making rules around Trump's directive about looking at Section 230. 1702

ESCONDIDO, Calif. (KGTV) -- One of San Diego's few remaining glassblowing studios is on a mission to preserve the art and keep the glassblowing tradition strong for generations to come.“I believe we have to preserve 6,000 years of history," said James Stone, owner of Stone and Glass in Escondido.When Stone opened his shop in 2001 there were 21 studios in San Diego; today there are just four left.He says running a shop is difficult and expensive, but well worth the effort.“The knowledge is hard fought for, hard fought to know how to do this. Lots of mistakes before you get it right," said Stone.This weekend Stone is offering a rare opportunity to the public, hosting maestro Roberto Beltrami of Murano, Italy. You can learn more about the workshop and demos here. 783

Excited to announce our partnership with Supervisor @shamannwalton ! Today, we unveiled our two-prong strategy to join forces and stop discriminatory 911 calls: #AB1550 and the #CARENAct. Using 911 as a tool for your prejudice towards marginalized communities is unjust and wrong! pic.twitter.com/NBfBaLe6x2— Rob Bonta (@RobBontaCA) July 7, 2020 353

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