阜阳在线白斑专家(阜阳哪里治白斑的医院) (今日更新中)

SYDNEY, Sept. 5 (Xinhua) -- Australian scientists believe " brown fat," a wondrous tissue that burns energy to generate heat, could help people fight obesity, local media reported on Monday.A research team from Sydney's Garvan Institute of Medical Research (GIMR) has worked out how to grow brown fat from stem cells biopsied from adults, raising hopes that one day brown fat could be transplanted in obese people to speed up calories they burn, the Australian Associated Press (AAP) reported.Garvan endocrinologist Paul Lee, who led the research, is optimistic about targeting brown fat as an obesity intervention, commenting "it's a highly metabolically active form of fat, and very exciting that we may be able to stimulate its growth in people."People are born with supplies of brown fat around their neckline to keep them warm as infants, according to scientists at GIMR.Scientists now know that brown fat is present in most, if not all, adults mainly just behind the collarbone.Studies have found that adults with brown fat are slimmer than those without."Although this is early work, it is a proof of concept study showing that the growth of brown fat cells is possible, using precursor cells taken from adult humans, under appropriate stimulation," Lee said."Regardless of whether or not someone has lots of or little brown fat, the precursor cells are universally present. Under the appropriate growth factor and hormonal stimulation, the cells all grow and differentiate into mature brown fat cells."However, Lee warned more work was needed.Lee said even if brown fat was transplanted into obese people or drugs developed to stimulate the growth of brown fat, exercise and a healthy diet would still be crucial to aiding weight loss."So I don't think this is a solution to obesity because there are so many other factors (involved in obesity)," he said."Despite how efficient brown fat is at burning energy, we would only need a few doughnuts to diminish or negate its benefits."Lee said it would be years before tests could be carried out on brown fat transplants.In the meantime, he is expanding his study to test different ways to grow brown fat.His study, to be printed in the October issue of Endocrinology, has been published in the online edition of the journal.

WELLINGTON, Aug. 8 (Xinhua) -- A New Zealand study has found that people who work at least 50 hours a week can be up to three times more at risk of alcohol problems than people who work fewer hours.The study, conducted by the University of Otago, used data that followed more than 1,000 people born in Christchurch in 1977 through to age 30.Study leader Dr Sheree Gibb said it aimed to examine whether working hours were related to alcohol problems in early adulthood.Data from more than 1,000 participants at ages 25 and 30 showed a significant association between longer working hours and alcohol- related problems.Longer working hours were associated with higher levels of alcohol problems including frequent alcohol use and alcohol abuse or dependence.People who worked 50 hours or more on average a week were 1.8 to 3.3 times more likely to have alcohol-related problems than those who were not working, and about 1.2 to 1.5 times more likely to have alcohol-related problems than those who worked 30 to 49 hours a week.The higher risk of alcohol abuse for those who worked longer hours was evident in both men and women, according to the study.Gibb said the finding could suggest a need for consideration of policies and programs targeting individuals who worked long hours, with the aim of reducing rates of alcohol-related problems.The article had been accepted for publication by the UK-based journal Addiction.

WASHINGTON, June 16 (Xinhua) -- Cells in the human body are constantly being exposed to stress from environmental chemicals or errors in routine cellular processes. While stress can cause damage, it can also provide the stimulus for undoing the damage. New research by a team of scientists at the University of Rochester has unveiled an important new mechanism that allows cells to recognize when they are under stress and prime the DNA repair machinery to respond to the threat of damage.Their findings will be published Friday in journal Science. Cells in the human body are constantly being exposed to stress from environmental chemicals or errors in routine cellular processes. While stress can cause damage, it can also provide the stimulus for undoing the damage.The scientists, led by biologists Vera Gorbunova and Andrei Seluanov, focused on the most dangerous type of DNA damage -- double strand breaks. Unrepaired, this type of damage can lead to premature aging and cancer. They studied how oxidative stress affects efficiency of DNA repair. Oxidative stress occurs when the body is unable to neutralize the highly-reactive molecules, which are typically produced during routine cellular activities.The research team found that human cells undergoing oxidative stress synthesized more of a protein called SIRT6. By increasing SIRT6 levels, cells were able to stimulate their ability to repair double strand breaks. When the cells were treated with a drug that inactivated SIRT6, DNA repair came to a halt, thus confirming the role of SIRT6 in DNA repair. Gorbunova notes that the SIRT6 protein is structurally related to another protein, SIR2, which has been shown to extend lifespan in multiple model organisms."SIRT6 also affects DNA repair when there is no oxidative stress," explains Gorbunova. "It's just that the effect is magnified when the cells are challenged with even small amounts of oxidative stress."SIRT6 allows the cells to be economical with their resources, priming the repair enzymes only when there is damage that needs to be repaired. Thus SIRT6 may be a master regulator that coordinates stress and DNA repair activities, according to Gorbunova.

BERLIN, July 26 (Xinhua) -- German national disease control center said on Tuesday that the country's deadly E. coli outbreak has been over, as no new case reported in the last three weeks.The Robert Koch Institute (RKI) said the last case related to the E.coli outbreak was reported on July 4.As a three-week-period would cover the disease's incubation time, diagnosis time and the time for the transfer of a case, this virtually means an end of the outbreak."The largest EHEC outbreak is over in Germany," said RKI President Reinhard Burger. "I pay tribute to people who have joined in the great work, making investigation and looking after the patients."The RKI said Germany would keep watching the deadly EHEC O104: H4 intensively and asked people to pay attention to personal and food hygiene, as individual infection still cannot be ruled out.This round of outbreak has claimed 52 lives and affected more than 4,000 people since early May.The source of this disease was first believed to be cucumbers and tomatoes from Spain, and then was locked onto bean sprouts grown in a farm near Hamburg in the state Lower Saxony. Later European authorities said one batch of fenugreek seeds from Egypt was probably the source.

GENEVA, Aug. 10 (Xinhua) -- In a bid to prevent millions of deaths and suffering every year from malnutrition, the Geneva-based World Health Organization (WHO) launched an online initiative on Wednesday.The e-Library of Evidence for Nutrition Actions (eLENA), according to WHO, offers the latest advice on tackling the three main forms of malnutrition, including undernutrition, vitamin and mineral deficiencies, as well as overweight and obesity.The recommendations by eLENA to tackle malnutrition include promoting breastfeeding and fortifying staple foods with vitamins and minerals such as iron and folic acid for wheat and maize flours.It also recommends using multiple micronutrient powders to fortify foods for children aged between six and 23 months.To prevent anaemia, daily iron and folic supplements are advised for pregnant women, and intermittent iron and folic acid supplementation is recommended for menstruating women and preschool and school-age.While overweight and obesity affect around 1.5 billion adults over age 20, and more than 40 million children aged under five across the world, underweight is the leading risk factor for many diseases in low-income countries and represents about six percent of the world medical burden, WHO statistics showed.

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