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WASHINGTON, April 20 (Xinhua) -- Those childhood music lessons could pay off decades later -- even for those who no longer play an instrument -- by keeping the mind sharper as people age, according to a preliminary study published by the American Psychological Association (APA).The study recruited 70 healthy adults age 60 to 83 who were divided into groups based on their levels of musical experience. The musicians performed better on several cognitive tests than individuals who had never studied an instrument or learned how to read music, according to the research findings published Wednesday online in the APA journal Neuropsychology."Musical activity throughout life may serve as a challenging cognitive exercise, making your brain fitter and more capable of accommodating the challenges of aging," said lead researcher Brenda Hanna-Pladdy, a clinical neuropsychologist at the University of Kansas Medical Center. "Since studying an instrument requires years of practice and learning, it may create alternate connections in the brain that could compensate for cognitive declines as we get older."The three groups of study participants included individuals with no musical training; with one to nine years of musical study; or with at least 10 years of musical training. All of the participants had similar levels of education and fitness and didn' t show any evidence of Alzheimer's disease.All of the musicians were amateurs who began playing an instrument at about 10 years of age. More than half played the piano while approximately a quarter had studied woodwind instruments such as the flute or clarinet. Smaller numbers performed with stringed instruments, percussion or brass instruments.The high-level musicians who had studied the longest performed the best on the cognitive tests, followed by the low-level musicians and non-musicians, revealing a trend relating to years of musical practice. The high-level musicians had statistically significant higher scores than the non-musicians on cognitive tests relating to visuospatial memory, naming objects and cognitive flexibility, or the brain's ability to adapt to new information.The brain functions measured by the tests typically decline as the body ages and more dramatically deteriorate in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. The results "suggest a strong predictive effect of high musical activity throughout the lifespan on preserved cognitive functioning in advanced age," the study stated.Half of the high-level musicians still played an instrument at the time of the study, but they didn't perform better on the cognitive tests than the other advanced musicians who had stopped playing years earlier. This suggests that the duration of musical study was more important than whether musicians continued playing at an advanced age, Hanna-Pladdy says."Based on previous research and our study results, we believe that both the years of musical participation and the age of acquisition are critical," Hanna-Pladdy says. "There are crucial periods in brain plasticity that enhance learning, which may make it easier to learn a musical instrument before a certain age and thus may have a larger impact on brain development."The preliminary study was correlational, meaning that the higher cognitive performance of the musicians couldn't be conclusively linked to their years of musical study. More research is needed to explore that possible link.

LOS ANGELES, April 29 (Xinhua) -- Clinical and teaching microbiology laboratories are linked with a nationwide salmonella outbreak in the United States that has killed one person and sickened dozens of others, health officials confirmed on Friday.Since August, about 73 people in 35 states have been sickened by salmonella bacteria, and some of those cases involve a strain of Salmonella typhimurium sold commercially to laboratories, officials from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) said in remarks published by msnbc.com.Illnesses have been tied to laboratories from Alaska to New York, with most reporting one or two cases. Five cases have been reported in Washington state and four in Minnesota.The first illness occurred late August and the most recent cases were reported March 8, according to the CDC.The patients include employees and students of the laboratories, as well as children in the homes of people who work or study at the labs.Patients ranged in age from less than one to 91, with a median age of 24, the CDC said.Cases that developed after March 19 may not yet be included in the total because of the lag time in assessing and reporting illness, said the report.CDC officials warned that bacteria used in the labs can be transmitted through contaminated lab coats, pens, notebooks, car keys and other items brought into the labs.The CDC is working with local and state health departments, the American Society for Microbiology and the Association of Public Health Laboratories to track the outbreak, the report said.Salmonella infections typically result in diarrhea, fever and abdominal cramps. They can be dangerous in very young children or people with compromised immune systems.

WASHINGTON, April 6 (Xinhua) -- A study led by researchers at the University of Michigan (U-M) showed in animal studies that new cancer drug compounds they developed shrank tumors, with few side effects.The study, done in two mouse models of human cancer, looked at two compounds designed to activate a protein that kills cancer cells. The protein, p53, is inactivated in a significant number of human cancers. In some cases, it is because another protein, MDM2, binds to p53 and blocks its tumor suppresser function. This allows the tumor to grow unchecked. The new compounds block MDM2 from binding to p53, consequently activating p53."For the first time, we showed that activation of p53 by our highly potent and optimized MDM2 inhibitors can achieve complete tumor regression in a mouse model of human cancer," says lead study author Shaomeng Wang, director of the Cancer Drug Discovery Program at the U-M Comprehensive Cancer Center.Wang presented the study Wednesday at the American Association for Cancer Research 102nd annual meeting.Many traditional cancer drugs also activate p53 but they do so by causing DNA damage in both tumor cells and normal cells, causing side effects. These new MDM2 inhibitors activate p53 while avoiding the DNA damage common with other drugs. In this study, which was done in collaboration with Ascenta Therapeutics and Sanonfi-Aventis, researchers showed that these new drugs shrank tumors without significant side effects.Because p53 is involved in all types of human cancer, the new drug has potential to be used in multiple types of cancer. Further, the researchers also identified certain markers in tumors that predict which ones will be particularly sensitive to the MDM2 inhibitor, which would allow physicians to target the drug only to patients most likely to benefit.

LOS ANGELES, May 11 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have found MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) in meats sold at U.S. supermarkets, according to a study published on Wednesday.This is "community-acquired MRSA" that is transmitted by humans carrying the bacteria, researchers at Wayne State University in Detroit reported in the study appearing in the May 11 online edition of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's ( CDC's) journal Emerging Infectious Diseases.For the study, the researchers purchased 289 raw meat samples, including 156 beef, 76 chicken and 57 turkey samples, from 30 grocery stores in Detroit from August 2009 through January 2010.The researchers found that 22.5 percent of the samples were contaminated with S. aureus and six samples tested positive for MRSA.Of the six samples contaminated with MRSA, two were beef, three were chicken and one was turkey, the researchers said.The extent of MRSA contamination in meat varies by the type of meat and where the meat was processed, said lead researcher Yifan Zhang, an assistant professor in the department of nutrition and food science at the university.The germ is apparently being introduced by humans handling the meat, she said.According to another recent study, the strain of MRSA in meat in the United States is not the strain found in animals, Zhang noted."MRSA has always been found in human patients, but we found this in retail meat, so retail meat can be a reservoir of these bugs," said Zhang."When people handle food, they can get the bugs from the meat if the meat is already contaminated," she explained.The risk of becoming infected is especially high if you have open cuts or sores on your hands or skin, Zhang added.MRSA is common in hospitals and nursing homes, where it can cause serious illness and even death.But recently "community-acquired MRSA" has become a problem among some high school and college athletes who share equipment.This type of MRSA appears as a skin infection and is usually less serious, according to CDC.MRSA is killed when the meat is cooked thoroughly, experts say.Other precaution measures include:-- Wear gloves when handling meat, especially when there are wounds on the hands;-- Washing plates or utensils used to prepare food before using them again to eat; and-- Disinfect counters that have come into contact with meats.

BEIJING, Jan. 28 (Xinhua) -- China will further its efforts to harness the Huaihe River over the next five to 10 years in a bid to support the economic development of the regions along the river.The decision was announced Friday in a statement released after an executive meeting of the State Council, China's Cabinet, which was presided over by Premier Wen Jiabao.The work will include upgrading dams and water gates in flood diversion programs and building more irrigation and water conservancy projects in low-lying lands along the Huaihe River, said the statement.Further, efforts will be made to guard against water pollution and help urban and rural residents in the Huaihe River regions have sufficient access to clean water, it said.Also, more flood control reservoirs will be constructed, while more residents will be relocated from flood diversion areas as well as flood land.The cabinet urged government departments to earmark more funds and enhance management and cooperation in implementing these measures.The 1,000-kilometer Huaihe River, the third longest water way in China, originates from Mount. Taibai, central Henan Province, and runs eastward between the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, the two largest rivers in the country. It cuts through Henan and east China's Anhui and Jiangsu provinces before entering the Yangtze River via the Hongze Lake.The flood-prone river has a drainage area of about 180,000 square kilometers.

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