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With many teachers opting out of returning to the classroom because of the coronavirus, schools around the U.S. are scrambling to find replacements and in some places lowering certification requirements to help get substitutes in the door.Several states have seen surges in educators filing for retirement or taking leaves of absence. The departures are straining staff in places that were dealing with shortages of teachers and substitutes even before the pandemic created an education crisis.Among those leaving is Kay Orzechowicz, an English teacher at northwest Indiana’s Griffith High School, who at 57 had hoped to teach for a few more years. But she felt her school’s leadership was not fully committed to ensuring proper social distancing and worried that not enough safety equipment would be provided for students and teachers.Add the technology requirements and the pressure to record classes on video, and Orzechowicz said it “just wasn’t what I signed up for when I became a teacher.”“Overall, there was just this utter disrespect for teachers and their lives,” she said. “We’re expected to be going back with so little.” When school leaders said teachers would be “going back in-person, full throttle, that’s when I said, ‘I’m not doing it. No.’”Teachers in at least three states have died after bouts with the coronavirus since the start of the new school year. It’s unclear how many teachers in the U.S. have become ill with COVID-19, but Mississippi alone reported 604 cases among teachers and staff.In cases where teachers are exposed to the virus, they could face pressure to return to the classroom. The Trump administration has declared teachers to be “critical infrastructure workers” in guidance that could give the green light to exempting them from quarantine requirements.Throughout Indiana, more than 600 teacher retirements have been submitted since July, according to state data. Although the state gets most of its teacher retirements during the summer, surveys suggest more retirements than usual could happen as the calendar year progresses, said Trish Whitcomb, executive director of the Indiana Retired Teachers Association.“I’ve gotten more (teachers) calling me back saying, ‘Well, I’m going to go ahead and retire,’” Whitcomb said. “Some still wanted to go back in the classroom, but they didn’t think the risk was worth it. They looked at their grandkids and the life they have, and I think they’re saying, ‘I’m just not going to do it.’”In Salt Lake County, Utah, the state’s most populated metropolitan area, more than 80 teachers have either resigned or retired early because of concerns about COVID-19 in schools. More than half of those happened in one of the county’s five school districts, Granite School District. All of the district’s teachers who left were fined ,000 for failing to give 30 days’ notice.Mike McDonough, president of the Granite Education Association teachers union, said the departures stem from frustration over how the schools have reopened. In Granite, most students will return to in-person instruction for four days a week, and there are few opportunities for teachers to instruct solely online.Some teachers waited until the last minute, hoping that the district would change its reopening plan. But checking out of the classroom was “the only way to keep themselves safe,” he said.“Teachers are still scared and overwhelmed,” McDonough said. “I have heard from teachers that are just heartbroken to leave the classroom, but they didn’t feel safe going back. They don’t want that level of risk, and they have no other choice but to get out.”Education leaders in states including Arizona, Kansas, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania and Texas have said they are bracing for worsening teacher shortages as the pandemic drives away some educators.To try to maintain staffing levels in classrooms, the Missouri Board of Education made it easier to become a substitute teacher under an emergency rule. Instead of the previous requirement — 60 hours of college credit — eligible substitutes now only need to obtain a high school diploma, complete a 20-hour online training course and pass a background check.Iowa responded similarly, relaxing coursework requirements and the minimum working age for newly hired substitutes.In Connecticut, college students have been asked to step in as substitutes. Michele Femc-Bagwell, director of the teacher education program at the University of Connecticut, said the school has been getting requests to use fifth-year graduate students as substitute teachers. Heavy class loads and internship responsibilities, though, limit their availability to one day a week.Many who work as substitutes are retired teachers such as 67-year-old Margaret Henderson, of Phoenix, who said she will not return as she had planned.“I don’t want to get called into a classroom where a teacher has called out because of the virus or to quarantine. ... And we know that’s going to happen more and more,” Henderson said. “There are still uncertainties about the safety of reopening the school buildings. Can you blame (substitutes) for not wanting to go in?”In rural Iowa’s Hinton Community Schools, Hinton High School Principal Phil Goetstouwers said the school is already down to a third of the substitute teachers it had last year. More than half of those are also willing to sub in other districts, he said, making it even more troublesome when teachers are absent.Allen Little, who retired as a math teacher in Sioux City, Iowa, this past spring, said the “complexities” of teaching during the pandemic made him decide to retire three years earlier than he had planned. Although he anticipated returning to work as a part-time substitute this fall, fears about the virus are holding him back. He encouraged his son, who is studying to be a social studies teacher and who considered getting experience as a substitute, to weigh the risks carefully.“We’re thinking about students, our schools, our community with every decision we make,” Little said. “But we also have to think about ourselves and our families. What’s best for us, maybe more and more of us ... is not being inside the classrooms right now.”___Associated Press Writer Pat Eaton-Robb contributed to this report from Hartford, Connecticut.___Casey Smith is a corps member for the Associated Press/Report for America Statehouse News Initiative. Report for America is a nonprofit national service program that places journalists in local newsrooms to report on undercovered issues. 6529

White House chief of staff John Kelly personally denied calling President Donald Trump an "idiot" in an afternoon conversation with the commander in chief, relaying nearly the same statement in his face-to-face talk with the President as the one he released publicly, according to an administration official.An NBC report published Monday claimed, among other things, that Kelly had said during an immigration-related meeting that he needed to "save (Trump) from himself" while insulting the President's intelligence by calling him an "idiot.""I spend more time with the President than anyone else and we have an incredibly candid and strong relationship. He always knows where I stand and he and I both know this story is total BS," Kelly said in a statement. "I am committed to the President, his agenda, and our country. This is another pathetic attempt to smear people close to President Trump and distract from the administration's many successes."The situation is similar to when reports surfaced that then-Secretary of State Rex Tillerson called Trump a "moron."But the White House official pointed out a big difference between the Kelly incident and Tillerson -- Kelly immediately denied the report and denounced it to the President's face. Tillerson declined to do so, simply saying he wouldn't play that Washington game. 1348

WILMINGTON, Del. – President-elect Joe Biden addressed the nation Friday about the November jobs report that shows American companies are hiring at a slower pace as COVID-19 cases spike across the country.The report released by the Department of Labor Friday shows that the unemployment rate fell slightly to a still-high 6.7%. However, the gain of 245,000 jobs last month was the fewest added since the spring, when the pandemic and widespread quarantines forced mass layoffs.Biden started his remarks by calling the jobs report “grim.” He said it showed an economy that’s stalling and we’re in one of the worst economic job crises in modern history. However, he said it doesn’t have to stay that way.“If we act now, now I mean, now, we begin to regain momentum and start to build back a better future,” said Biden. “There’s no time to lose. Millions of people have lost their jobs or had their hours slashed. They’ve lost their health insurance or are in danger of losing their health insurance.”Biden said it’s deeply troubling that last month’s drop in unemployment was driven by people who are dropping out of the job market.“They’ve lost hope of finding a job or they’ve taken full-time caregiving responsibilities as child centers remain closed and their children learn remotely,” he said.Biden listed many sobering statistics that show how much Americans need relief during this crisis.“One in every six renters is behind in rent. One in every four small businesses can’t keep their doors open. And there’s a growing gap in Black and Latino unemployment, and the gab remains much too large,” said Biden.As he doesn’t take office until the end of January, Biden is calling on President Donald Trump and the current Congress to act in the interest of the American people now.“If Congress and President Trump fail to act by the end of December, 12 million Americans will lose their unemployment benefits they rely on,” said Biden. “Merry Christmas. The unemployment benefits allowing them to keep food on the table, to keep the lights on, and the heat on, pay their bills.”If lawmakers don’t act, Biden pointed out that emergency paid leave will end, the moratorium on evictions will expire, and states will lose the vital tools they need to pay for COVID-19 testing and public health.“If we don’t act now, the future will be very bleak,” said Biden.Biden did say he was encouraged by the bipartisan 8 billion relief plan that was proposed this week, but said more aid will be needed throughout 2021 in order to get the country back on track. The latest relief plan doesn’t include ,200 stimulus checks for Americans, but Biden said he’s not convinced it won’t be part of the bill in the end and added that it’s “still in play.”Biden also called for funding for COVID-19 vaccines and testing as the U.S. finds itself in its most perilous point in the COVID-19 pandemic to date.“We need to ramp up testing to allow our schools and businesses to operate safely. The sooner we pass the funding, the sooner we turn the corner on COVID-19,” said Biden.On Thursday, Johns Hopkins said that the U.S. reported record numbers of new COVID-19 deaths and infections. Since Halloween, more than 5 million Americans have contracted COVID-19 — a number that represents about 36% of all cases recorded since the pandemic began.Biden's remarks come days after he announced his picks for key economic positions in his incoming administration. Among them is former Fed chairwoman Janet Yellen, who Biden has tapped to run the Treasury Department. Yellen, a Keynesian economist who is not afraid to allow the government to intervene in the free market, will be tasked with working with Congress to get stimulus packages passed.Biden is also expected to announce his picks for key public health positions in the coming days. On Thursday, Biden said in an interview with CNN that he has asked Dr. Anthony Fauci to remain in his role as the head of the National Institute for Allergies and Infectious Diseases and asked him to be a chief medical adviser to his White House.At the end of his remarks, Biden took some questions from reporters. One asked for Biden’s reaction to those saying his Cabinet picks so far haven’t been diverse enough. He responded by saying his cabinet will be the “single most diverse cabinet” in U.S. history. 4332

While it's true that premiums for the popular silver Obamacare plan could shoot higher for 2018, most enrollees will actually end up paying less for coverage next year.In fact, more consumers will be able to snag policies that will cost them nothing each month.How can that be?It's because premium subsidies are soaring too, making many plans on the exchanges more affordable.The Trump administration, however, is stressing how much premiums will rise, saying this is yet another sign that Obamacare is irreparably broken. They are downplaying the fact that the subsidies will cover most, if not all, of the cost.Obamacare advocates worry that consumers will be scared off by the news that premiums are skyrocketing for next year. They plan to highlight the fact that many people will be able to find lower-premium policies thanks to the subsidies.Even the Trump administration found that Obamacare plans will be more affordable next year. Some 80% of enrollees will be able to find a policy for a month or less -- up from 71% this year and the highest share so far."This year, more people than any previous year have access to a plan for or less," said Josh Peck, a former Obama administration official and co-founder of Get America Covered, which is promoting enrollment for 2018. "That's what we want everyone to know."Here's why this is happening:Many insurers jacked up the rates of their silver plans in part to make up for President Trump ending federal support for Obamacare's cost-sharing subsidies. These subsidies reduce deductibles and co-pays for lower-income enrollees.Premiums for the benchmark silver Obamacare plan will soar 37%, on average, for 2018, according to federal data released Monday.The premium subsidies are pegged to a benchmark silver plan in each market. So if that plan's rate rises, the value of the subsidy does too. More than eight in 10 Obamacare enrollees receive premium subsidies.Insurers, however, did not hike the price of bronze or gold plans nearly as much. The rate of the lowest-cost bronze plan is rising 17%, on average, while the cheapest gold plan is going up 19%, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation.That means the more generous premium subsidies will cover more of the monthly cost of these plans, so consumers will pay less.A 40-year-old earning ,000 will pay 75% less, on average, for the cheapest bronze plan and 21% less for the lowest-cost gold plan, according to a new analysis by the Kaiser Family Foundation. A 40-year-old earning ,000 will see a 28% drop in the price of the cheapest bronze plan, and an 8% decrease in the least expensive gold plan's premium.Bronze plans have lower premiums, but their deductibles are higher -- nearly ,900, on average, for an individual in 2018, according to a new report from Health Pocket, an online health insurance shopping tool. Meanwhile, gold plans have higher premiums, but their deductibles are only ,320 on average for a single enrollee next year.The cheapest gold plan will have lower premiums than the least-expensive silver plan in 459 counties next year once subsidies are factored in, Kaiser found. Silver plans will have an average deductible of just over ,000 next year.Many more consumers will be able to enroll in bronze plans and pay nothing each month. For instance, a 48-year-old consumer earning roughly ,000 can find a zero-premium policy in nearly 1,050 counties next year, up from 132 counties in 2017, according to an analysis by Oliver Wyman consulting group.Not everyone, however, will be so fortunate. Enrollees who don't qualify for premium subsidies -- those who earn more than ,000 as an individual or ,500 for a family of four in 2018 -- may be hit with the full premium hike. They may be better off buying bronze or gold plans or looking for individual coverage outside of the Obamacare exchanges.  3877

While many think of NASA as the government agency that sends scientists into space, some of NASA’s most important work frequently is used to help people on Earth.In recent months, NASA has used its extensive network of scientists and researchers to combat the coronavirus. And in short order, the agency provided patients and healthcare providers with tools that may have been used to save lives.This week, NASA outlined a number of innovations the agency developed to support the fight against the virus.NASA created an open source for N95 respirators so people can make their own masks by using 3D printers. N95 respirators are unique as they protect the wearer from the virus. NASA’s designs were engineered to meet or exceed standard N95 performance, can be used for different purposes, are compatible with commercially-available filters, and do not disrupt the supply chain.If you have access to a 3D printer, here is how to create an N95 respirator designed by NASA.In addition to NASA’s open-source N95 respirators, the team from Johnson Space Center developed and tested a sterilization protocol to combat a national shortage of N95 masks. This allows N95 respirators to be reused by healthcare providers.“I had a very deep and personal connection to the evaluation (of N95 masks), because my wife is a medical professional… on the frontlines, with only one mask allocated for her to use and re-use daily,” said NASA engineer and project lead Jeremy Jacobs. “She has been very concerned about cross contamination between patient-to-patient and to our family.”Among other innovations, NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California designed a new high-pressure ventilator tailored specifically to treat COVID-19 patients. It was designed to treat patients who might not require a full-featured ventilator, keeping the nation’s limited supply of traditional ventilators available, NASA said.NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in California joined several other agencies to create a helmet that functions like a continuous positive airway pressure, commonly known as CPAP, machine to force oxygen into a patient’s low-functioning lungs. 2156