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The 2019 Nobel Prize for Medicine has been jointly awarded to William Kaelin Jr., Sir Peter Ratcliffe and Gregg Semenza for their pioneering research into how human cells respond to changing oxygen levels.Announcing the prize at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm on Monday, the Nobel committee said that the trio's discoveries have paved the way for "promising new strategies to fight anaemia, cancer and many other diseases."The 2019 medicine laureates, the committee added, have identified molecular machinery that regulates the activity of genes in response to varying levels of oxygen.The importance of oxygen has long been established, the committee explained, but how cells adapt to changes in its levels remained unknown.Randall Johnson, prize committee member, described the trio's work as a "textbook discovery.""This is something basic biology students will be learning about when they study, at aged 12 or 13, or younger, biology and learn the fundamental ways cells work. This is a basic aspect of how a cell works and, from that standpoint alone, it's a very exciting thing."The winnersNew York-born Kaelin established his own research laboratory at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston and became a full professor at Harvard Medical School in 2002.Semenza, also born in New York, became a full-time professor at Johns Hopkins University in 1999 and since 2003 has been the Director of the Vascular Research Program at the Johns Hopkins Institute for Cell Engineering.Ratcliffe, who was born in Lancashire, England, studied medicine at Cambridge University and established an independent research group at Oxford University, becoming a full professor in 1996. 1694
The creator of the Labradoodle cross-breed has said he inadvertently unleashed a "Frankenstein('s) monster."Wally Conron, 90, who worked for Guide Dogs Victoria in Australia when he bred the first Labrador-Poodle cross in 1989, spoke of his regrets at having begun a trend for designer breeds on an ABC podcast."I opened a Pandora's box and released a Frankenstein('s) monster," he said.His "big regret" is that his invention paved the way for "unethical, ruthless people" to breed the dogs without thinking of the health of their offspring.According to Conron, the majority of Labradoodles are "either crazy or have a hereditary problem," with healthy examples of the breed "few and far between."He believes that people have now gone too far with cross-breeding, which can increase a dog's risk of congenital disease, particularly down the generations. On the podcast, he laid particular scorn on the new Rottweiler-Poodle hybrid, known as a Rottle or a Rottie-Poo.Conron's original purpose in crossing a Labrador with a standard Poodle (which has a non-shedding coat) had been to provide a guide dog for a blind woman in Hawaii whose husband was allergic to dogs.The resulting litter of three was small, but one of the puppies did not trigger the husband's allergies and was sent to Hawaii to be her guide dog.As no one wanted the two remaining puppies, Conron asked the PR department at his work to spread the message of this new breed. Labradoodles quickly became popular in Australia and further afield.Now, designer breeds have become widespread -- but so has criticism of the consequences. Labradoodles, for example, can develop health problems common to Labrador Retrievers and Poodles such as hip dysplasia and eye disease.Colin Tennant, a British expert on dog behaviour with 45 years of experience in the industry, told CNN: "In essence, you are blindly breeding and altering genetics of the line without foreknowledge."Although Tennant said he doesn't have a problem with cross-breeding in general, he noted that breeders should pay more attention to dog's health.One example, he said, was the Bichon Frise, whose eyes water. "It must be in agony all the time," he explained. "They breed the face flat so they look humanoid because we find that attractive, with no consideration for the permutations we are producing with regards the dog's welfare or health." 2383

Tennessee Gov. Bill Lee says he won't grant clemency to a death row inmate scheduled to be executed Thursday. Nick Sutton has an unusual group of supporters. They include current and former prison workers and family members of his victims. The 58-year-old Sutton was sentenced to death in 1986 for killing Carl Estep in prison. Estep’s oldest daughter said Sutton did her family a favor. She describes her father as an “evil man.” Meanwhile, former Correction Lt. Tony Eden calls Sutton the most rehabilitated prisoner he has met in 30 years. He also credits Sutton with saving his life during a prison riot. 620
The Minnesota National Guard confirmed that three guardsmen died after a UH-60 Blackhawk helicopter went down near St. Cloud, Minnesota, on Thursday. There were no survivors on board the helicopter.The Minnesota National Guard said that they lost contact with the crew around 2:05 p.m. CT. The National Guard was conducting a maintenance test flight on the Blackhawk."Our Minnesota National Guard family is devastated by the deaths of these soldiers," said Maj. Gen. Jon Jensen, the Adjutant General of the Minnesota National Guard. "Our priority right now is ensuring that our families are taken care of."The identities of the guardsmen are being withheld pending next of kin notification. The National Guard said an investigation is currently being conducted. 773
The NFL is asking the NFLPA to agree to expanding the number of regular season games from 16 to 17, and to expand the playoff field from 12 to 14, 159
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