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WASHINGTON, Oct. 3 (Xinhua) -- Researchers at St. Michael's Hospital in Canada have discovered a new function for an enzyme that may protect against organ injury and death from anemia, according to a study appearing Monday in the U.S. journal of the Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences.Researchers found that when people have anemia, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) -- an enzyme in nerve cells that produces nitric oxide, an important signaling molecule in the body -- increases the body's ability to respond, adapt to low oxygen levels and makes the body more efficient in delivering oxygen to tissues. They also found that levels of nNOS in the brain increased in anemic mice, and that the mice without this enzyme die earlier, and with higher hemoglobin levels."Identifying this mechanism may lead to new therapies and approaches to improving outcomes for anemic patients," said Dr. Greg Hare, a researcher at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of the hospital and one of the lead investigators of the study.Anemia occurs when blood has a lower than normal number of red blood cells or hemoglobin -- an iron-rich protein that carries oxygen from the lungs and heart to the rest of the body. Cells need oxygen to survive and to produce energy for all bodily functions. The condition has many different causes including infection (malaria, HIV, parasites), nutritional deficiencies (iron, folate, B12), genetic mutations, pregnancy, trauma and surgical blood loss."This research will help us identify when an anemic patient is at greatest risk for injury and death when undergoing surgery," said Hare. "Research is underway to test these findings in humans."

PHNOM PENH, Oct. 3 (Xinhua) -- Cambodia reported on Monday that some 54 Cambodian children had been killed by dengue fever in the first nine months of this year, compared to 37 kids dying of the disease in the whole year of 2010.From January to September this year, some 12,392 cases of dengue fever had been reported with 54 children killed by the disease. The whole year 2010 reported only 5,497 cases, Ngan Chantha, director of dengue control at the Ministry of Health, said on Monday."This year's rainy season has been plagued by floods, leading to more cases of the disease," he said. "I would like to appeal to parents to let their children sleep under mosquito nets and if their kids have any symptom that is suspicious of the disease, they should urgently send them for medical attention."Dengue is caused by mosquitoes. The disease causes an acute illness of sudden onset that usually follows symptoms such as headache, fever, exhaustion, severe muscle and joint pain, swollen glands and rash.In Cambodia, the outbreak of dengue fever usually begins at the onset of the rainy season from May to October. 

WASHINGTON, Oct. 9 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have found a way to block, in an animal model, the damaging inflammation that contributes to many disease conditions. In their report receiving early online publication Sunday in Nature Biotechnology, researchers describe using small interfering RNA technology to silence the biochemical signals that attract a particular group of inflammatory cells to areas of tissue damage."The white blood cells known as monocytes play a critical role in the early stages of the immune response," says Matthias Nahrendorf, of the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Center for Systems Biology, the paper's senior author. "We now know there are two subsets of monocytes -- an inflammatory subset that defends against pathogens and a reparative subset that supports healing. But if the inflammatory response is excessive, it can block the healing process and exacerbate conditions such as heart disease and cancer."Cells damaged by injury or disease release a cocktail of chemicals called cytokines that attract immune cells to the site of the damage. Inflammatory monocytes are guided to sites of tissue injury by a receptor protein called CCR2, and the MGH-led team devised a strategy targeting that molecule to block the inflammatory process but not the action of the reparative monocytes.Small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology prevents production of specific proteins by binding to associated messenger RNA molecules and preventing their translation. However, the technique requires extreme precision in developing the right siRNA molecule and delivering it to the correct cellular location.To make sure that their siRNA preparation targeted the right monocytes, researchers first confirmed that its use reduced levels of CCR2 in monocytes and increased levels of the fragments produced when siRNA binds to its target. They then showed that monocytes from mice treated with the siRNA preparation were unable to migrate towards CCR2's usual molecular target. Experiments in animal models of several important diseases showed that the siRNA preparation reduced the amount of cardiac muscle damaged by a heart attack, reduced the size and the number of inflammatory cells in atherosclerotic plaques and in lymphomas, and improved the survival of transplanted pancreatic islets."These inflammatory monocytes are involved in almost every major disease," Nahrendorf explains. "Anti-inflammatory drugs currently on the market hit every inflammatory cell in the body, which can produce unwanted side effects. This new siRNA treatment doesn't affect inflammatory cells that don't rely on the CCR2 receptor. That makes a big difference."

TAIPEI, Dec. 3 (Xinhua) -- A televised debate among three candidates for the upcoming election of Taiwan leader was held Saturday in Taipei, with cross-Strait issues highlighted in the first face-to-face debate before the Jan. 14 election.The candidates - Ma Ying-jeou, chairman of Taiwan's ruling Kuomintang (KMT) party, Tsai Ing-wen who represents the island's major opposition Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), and People First Party (PFP) chairman James Soong - stated their political views respectively and debated with each other.Both Ma and Soong stressed the adherence to the 1992 Consensus in order to maintain peaceful development of cross-Strait relations.In November 1992, the mainland's Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits and Taiwan's Straits Exchange Foundation reached the consensus that each of the two organizations verbally acknowledges that "both sides of the Taiwan Straits adhere to the one-China principle."Ma said the 1992 Consensus was "the best way" for the two sides to settle disputes and achieve win-win situation."If the 1992 Consensus was not adhered to, cross-Strait relations will be thrown to an uncertain state, or even regress," Ma said.While acknowledging achievement of cross-Strait relations since 2005 such as the signing of the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) across the Strait, Soong called for seeking "common benefits for all" with cross-Strait peaceful development as the precondition.However, Tsai continued to deny the 1992 Consensus and said that a "Taiwan consensus" should be made before negotiating with the Chinese mainland.The three candidates also expressed own views on judicial reform, finance and issues concerning people's livelihood.The televised debate was held by the Taiwan Public Television Service and other local media.Two more debates will be held on Dec. 10 and Dec. 17.

XIAMEN, Dec. 26 (Xinhua) -- The three-decade achievements of the Xiamen Special Economic Zone have shown that China has made the right decision to set up special economic zones (SEZs), President Hu Jintao said Monday.Hu made the remarks in a congratulatory letter to a gala held Monday in southeastern Fujian province's city of Xiamen, which is celebrating the 30th founding anniversary of its special economic zone.Over the past 30 years, the Xiamen Special Economic Zone has made marked socio-economic progress, made significant changes in people's lives, and served as a pilot area for the country's reform and opening-up and socialist modernization, Hu said.The Xiamen Special Economic Zone has made a unique contribution to promoting cross-Strait economic and trade cooperation as well as culture and personnel exchanges, Hu said in the letter.Hu also urged the economic zone to further enhance the capability of independent innovation, ensure and improve people's well being, strengthen and make innovations in social management, and better serve the peaceful development of the cross-Strait relationship.He Guoqiang, a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, attended and addressed the gala.In his speech, He said the economic zone should develop high-end manufacturing business and a modern service industry, while speeding up the establishment of a market-oriented technology innovation system that integrates production with scientific research.The economic zone needs to make greater efforts in energy saving and emissions reduction as well as environmental protection by greatly developing a green and recycling-based economy, according to He.He also said that the economic zone should exert itself to increase the income of rural and urban residents, especially low-income residents, and meet people's basic requirements in terms of education and culture, employment, medical services and housing."Reasonable appeals of the people should be addressed, and behavior that undermines people's interests should be resolutely rectified," He said.In addition, He expects the Xiamen Special Economic Zone to thoroughly implement the cross-Strait Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) and further explore and enhance cooperation in finance and logistics with Taiwan, He said.The economic zone should also strengthen the development of direct flights, customs clearance and ports in order to facilitate direct exchanges across the Taiwan Strait, according to He.He also met with representatives of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan residents and overseas Chinese, who attended the gala.He said people from all walks of life in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan have long been active in investing, financing education and alleviating poverty in Fujian.They have not only shared the opportunities that the country's reform and development have brought forth and expanded their own enterprises, but also greatly boosted the country's socio-economic progress, He said."You are witnesses, participants and beneficiaries of the reform and opening up," He said to these representatives.The Xiamen Special Economic Zone is one of the four earliest SEZs set up after China initiated the reform and opening up in 1978. In 1984, it was expanded from the initial 2.5 square kilometers to 131 square kilometers. Last year, it was extended to span the entire city.