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WASHINGTON, Nov. 10 (Xinhua) -- Using its near-infrared vision to peer nine billion years back in time, NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has uncovered an extraordinary population of young dwarf galaxies brimming with star formation, the U.S. space agency announced on Thursday.While dwarf galaxies represent the most common type of galaxy in the universe, the rapid star-birth observed in these newly- found examples may force astronomers to reassess their understanding of the ways in which galaxies form.The galaxies are a hundred times less massive, on average, than the Milky Way, yet they churn out stars at such a furious pace that their stellar content would double in just 10 million years. By comparison, the Milky Way would take a thousand times longer to double its star population.The universe is estimated to be 13.7 billion years old, and these newly-discovered galaxies are extreme even for the young universe -- when most galaxies were forming stars at higher rates than they are today. Astronomers using Hubble's instruments could spot the galaxies because the radiation from young, hot stars has caused the oxygen in the gas surrounding them to light up like a bright neon sign."The galaxies have been there all along, but up until recently astronomers have been able only to survey tiny patches of sky at the sensitivities necessary to detect them," said Arjen van der Wel of the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy in Germany, lead author of a paper on the results to be published online on Nov. 14 in The Astrophysical Journal. "We weren't looking specifically for these galaxies, but they stood out because of their unusual colors. "The observations were part of the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS), an ambitious three- year study to analyze the most distant galaxies in the universe. CANDELS is the first census of dwarf galaxies at such an early epoch."In addition to the images, Hubble has captured spectra that show us the oxygen in a handful of galaxies and confirmed their extreme star-forming nature," said co-author Amber Straughn at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. "Spectra are like fingerprints. They tell us the galaxies' chemical composition."The CANDELS team uncovered the 69 young dwarf galaxies in near- infrared images taken with Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 and Advanced Camera for Surveys.The observations suggest that the newly-discovered galaxies were very common nine billion years ago. However, it is a mystery why the newly-found dwarf galaxies were making batches of stars at such a high rate.

HANOI, Oct. 7 (Xinhua) -- Vietnam in cooperation with the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) organized a workshop here on Friday to finalize implementations in Phase 2 of the UN-Vietnam Joint Program to fight against Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) during 2007-2011.The workshop is not only to review the achievements but also from that, Vietnam hopes to receive more supports from the UN agencies, said Bui Ba Bong, Vietnamese vice minister of Agriculture and Rural Development.According to the report, so far, Vietnam's project on prevention of HPAI has basically achieved the targets in terms of making plans, policies and strategies for the veterinary sector, assessing the impacts of destruction of poultry to the environment, controlling pandemic, and supporting vaccine inoculation, quarantine and control of the infected animals, said Bong.Vietnam showed great efforts in responding and preventing H5N1 pandemic during its occurrence in 2005-2006, evaluated UN agencies.In Phase 2, Vietnam achieved positive results in controlling and reducing the impacts of the pandemic, and promoting bio- security in livestock breeding. Therefore, UN pledged to continue assisting Vietnam in the future.The UN-Vietnam joint program to fight HPAI was designed to meet the needs of emergency assistance to control the avian and human influenza.Total fund of the program is 25 million U.S. dollars, of which over 18 million U.S. dollars was approved for Phase 2.

SAN FRANCISCO, Nov. 11 (Xinhua) -- Facebook is close to a settlement with the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) over the charges that the world's largest social network misled users about its use of their personal information, the U.S. media reported Friday.The proposed settlement would require Facebook to get users' consent before making "material retroactive changes" to its privacy policies, said a report from The Wall Street Journal, citing people familiar with the talks.The agreement with the FTC is also expected to ripple much farther in the tech industry as more companies are developing programs to observe people's online behavior and profiting from the personal information, such as the target advertisements.With a current 800-million-user base worldwide, Facebook changed its user policy in late 2009 to disclose more of users' personal information without adequate notice, leading to a federal investigation along with mounting complaints online.On Thursday, two U.S. representatives asked the Palo Alto, California-based company to explain a February patent application, saying that it raises alarm bells about how the company tracks users on other websites.Outside the U.S., Facebook is also drawing criticism on its privacy policies in countries with strict privacy laws, such as Germany. On Thursday, German authorities said they are considering suing Facebook over its use of facial recognition technology.In a PBS interview aired earlier this week, Facebook's founder and chief executive officer Mark Zuckerberg and chief operating officer Sheryl Sandberg said the company is focused on privacy, addressing that it gives users the ability to protect their privacy.Zuckerberg said Facebook users volunteer all of their personal information on the social network, unlike other Internet giants and advertising networks that compile information "behind your back."

SEOUL, Nov. 8 (Xinhua) -- Samsung Electronics, the world's largest flat screen TV vendor, said Tuesday that it has suspended its plan to develop active shutter three-dimensional (3D) TVs with RealD, the U.S.-based 3D technology supplier."Samsung has decided to focus on our own initiatives of 3D technology, and continues to research and develop next-generation 3D display technologies, including a glasses-free 3D solution for the home," the tech firm said in an e-mailed statement.The active shutter 3D technology drew public attention after Samsung reached a deal with RealD earlier this year to jointly develop such technology, aiming to unveil 3D TVs based on the technology early next year.The active shutter is a next generation 3D technology that incorporates merits from both shutter-glass (SG) technology, which Samsung adopted, and film patterned retarder (FPR) technology, which LG introduced in December last year.The SG technology has been touted as better picture quality and deeper 3D images, but the eyewear is heavier because it requires batteries and chips to work. The active shutter 3D technology moved its function of 3D image creation from eyewear to flat panel, making the eyewear lighter.Despite the upgraded technology and its convenience, Samsung decided to focus on its existing SG technology as the global TV market is grappling with weak demand. The penetration rate, which gauges the ratio of 3D sets against the total flat screen TVs, was expected to rise to 9.9 percent by year-end from the 3 percent a year earlier, according to Woori Investment & Securities, a local securities firm.

KUNMING, Dec. 11 (Xinhua) -- By moonlight, Ma Yuanqiong, a grassroots AIDS prevention practitioner, and her colleagues slipped into a large community of migrant workers in the city of Jinghong in southwest Yunnan province.As usual, they were greeted tepidly. A dozen sex workers living in the community came to obtain free condoms and brochures on AIDS prevention and quickly dispersed."We visit these women every week. They are familiar with us, but rarely talk about themselves," said Ma, who is in charge of an AIDS prevention program targeting sex workers in Jinghong. The program was initiated by Fuhua International, a local NGO.Sex workers are highly sensitive and vigilant due to safety concerns, since sexual services are illegal in China, Ma said. They have become harder to find since local police started a persistent crackdown on prostitution two years ago and drove many sex workers underground, she said.INACCESSIBILITY IMPEDES EFFORTSJinghong is located in Xishuangbannan Dai autonomous prefecture. Bordering Laos and Myanmar, it's a famous tourist city where the underground sex industry thrives.The AIDS prevention program, which began in 2006, is aimed at improving sex workers' awareness of the epidemic -- which is primarily sexually transmitted -- and prompting them to change risky behavior.In the beginning, program workers quickly realized they faced a significant challenge. "We were often rejected, or even threatened when trying to get in touch with the sex workers at first," Ma said.But the practitioners persisted, approaching nonjudgmentally and treating them as friends, and eventually their efforts began to pay off.During the past five years, the program has provided free condoms and AIDS consulting services to more than 400 sex workers aged 14 to 58 and from many parts of the country, according to Ma.The program has even helped several sex workers give up the business and pursue legitimate careers.However, the organization currently only keeps in touch with about 100 sex workers and has found it more difficult to reach more.The police crackdown has made the sex workers, especially low-paid street hookers, more mobile and less visible, and Ma pointed out that low-paid sex workers are in greater need for outreach as they are more vulnerable to HIV infection than their their higher-paid counterparts."Low-level sex workers are at a heightened risk, as they and their clients, mainly migrant workers and the elderly, all have insufficient knowledge of the disease," she said.According to statistics provided by the provincial disease control and prevention center (CDC) of Yunnan, about 1.6 percent of sex workers in Yunnan have contracted HIV, while the ratio among the low-level group is 3 percent.By the end of October, Yunnan reported 93,567 HIV carriers and AIDS patients, the most among all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities."We conducted a survey in Jinghong and neighboring Menghai County at the end of 2008 and found that low-level sex workers almost never used condoms then," said Kang Jun, head of the HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment office in Xishuangbanna.The survey also found that the low-level sex workers only charged about 20 yuan (3.2 U.S. dollars) for each service, and every day they received 16 clients on average, according to Kang.Ahead of the police crackdown, Kang and his colleagues had provided HIV testing services for more than 30 low-level sex workers, and the results showed that two of them had been infected by the virus."The testing work was forced to halt as the crackdown began soon and we could hardly find them," Kang said.The good news, he said, was that the local CDC will launch a four-year investigation on sex workers in Xishuangbanna next January as part of a massive state-funded research project.

来源：资阳报