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BEIJING, Aug. 12 (Xinhuanet) -- The risk of developing coronary heart disease is 25 percent higher for women smokers compared with men, according to a study published in the British medical journal "The Lancet".The authors say this could be due to the physiological differences between the sexes with cigarette smoke toxins having a more potent effect on women.The study by Dr Rachel R Huxley from the University of Minnesota and Dr Mark Woodward from Johns Hopkins University involved a meta-analysis of around four million individuals and 67,000 coronary heart disease events from 86 studies.The researchers found that the pooled adjusted female-to-male relative risk ratio (RRR) of smoking compared with not smoking for coronary heart disease (CHD) was 1.25 (25 percent) higher for women.This RRR increased by 2 percent for every additional year of follow-up, meaning that the longer a woman smokes, the higher her risk of developing CHD becomes compared with a man who has smoked the same length of time.The authors say, "The finding lends support to the idea of a pathophysiological basis for the sex difference. For example, women might extract a greater quantity of carcinogens and other toxic agents from the same number of cigarettes than men. This occurrence could explain why women who smoke have double the risk of lung cancer compared with their male counterparts."Worldwide, there are 1.1 billion smokers, of whom a fifth are women.According to the Tobacco Atlas, India, with around a crore female smokers, ranks third in the top 20 female smoking populations across the globe, only the U.S. with 2.3 crore female smokers and China with 1.3 crore female smokers, are worse off.

KIEV, Aug. 2 (Xinhua) -- Ukraine's regional health authority declared Tuesday a cholera epidemic in the eastern region of Donetsk had ended.All 26 people who had been treated for the disease had been discharged from hospital, the press-service of the Donetsk Regional Sanitary and Epidemiological Service said on its official website.As of this week, no new cases had been registered, the statement said.The cholera outbreak hit eastern Ukraine in late May. The disease can cause rapid dehydration and death.The outbreak was believed to be associated with fish and drinking water supplies from the Sea of Azov.

SAN FRANCISCO, July 19 (Xinhua) -- Apple Inc. on Tuesday reported strong third fiscal quarter results that top analysts' expectations, citing strong iPhone and iPad sales.For its fiscal 2011 third quarter ended on June 25, Apple reported net income of 7.31 billion U.S. dollars or 7.79 dollars per share, compared with 3.25 billion dollars, or 3.51 dollars per share a year ago.Its revenue reached 28.57 billion dollars, compared with 15.7 billion dollars in the same period a year earlier. International sales accounted for 62 percent of the quarter's revenue.The average estimate is a profit of 5.84 dollars a share on revenue of 24.9 billion dollars.The Cupertino, Califronia-based company sold 20.34 million iPhones in the quarter, representing 142 percent unit growth over the year-ago quarter. It sold 9.25 million iPads in the third quarter, a 183 percent unit increase on a year-over-year basis.The only drawback is the sales of iPods, which had a 20 percent unit decline to 7.54 million from the year-ago quarter."We're thrilled to deliver our best quarter ever, with revenue up 82 percent and profits up 125 percent," Steve Jobs, Apple's chief executive officer, said in a statement."Right now, we're very focused and excited about bringing iOS 5 and iCloud to our users this Fall," added Job.It is the first time since 2008 that Apple's third-quarter earnings does not include the release of a new iPhone, which, slated for launch in September, is reportedly to be thinner and lighter with a faster chip and 8-megapixel camera.Apple has enjoyed double-digit year-over-year percentage revenue growth for the past four quarters. It had previously beaten the average earning projection for at least 29 straight quarters, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.For the fourth fiscal quarter of 2011, Apple's chief financial officer Peter Oppenheimer said the company expects revenue of 25 billion dollars and earnings per share of about 5.5 dollars. Apple has been known for its conservative projections of earnings.Apple has been operating without the daily attention of Jobs since the CEO took a medical leave this January. The Wall Street Journal reported Tuesday that some members of Apple's board have discussed CEO succession with executive recruiters and at least one head of a high-profile technology company.But the people familiar with the matter told the newspaper that it was more of an informal exploration of the company's options and don't appear to have been acting on behalf of the full board.Meanwhile, Apple has recently been busy with a number of legal battles over patent rights with HTC, Eastman Kodak and Samsung.Last week, the U.S. International Trade Commission made an initial ruling that HTC infringed two of Apple's phone patents in its smartphones powered by Google's Android operating system.If upheld, the ruling could let Apple force other Android phone makers to pay significant patent fees.On Tuesday, Google's executive chairman Eric Schmidt said at a conference in Tokyo that Apple's smartphone lawsuits are inspired by jealousy and a lack of innovation in iPhone, noting Google would support HTC's fight against Apple and was confident of a win.

WASHINGTON, July 26 (Xinhua) -- The District of Columbia Department of Health (DOH) in the U.S. announced Tuesday that it has positively identified the West Nile Virus in mosquito samples in the District.This is the first time this summer the West Nile Virus has been identified in the U.S. capital."Residents should take caution as mosquitoes have the potential to transmit West Nile Virus to humans, and it is important for residents to take the necessary steps to avoid contracting the virus," DOH said in a statement.West Nile Virus is mainly an infection of birds, but on occasions an infected mosquito may spread it to humans. The virus is not transmitted directly from birds to humans and the risk of infection is low. In human infections, the virus generally causes no symptoms, or may cause mild flu-like symptoms.Senior citizens and people with weak immune systems are considered high risk for suffering the worst from the disease, officials said."People with a higher risk of infection should wear long- sleeved shirts, long pants, and apply insect repellent with DEET or other mosquito repellents to exposed skin according to manufacturer's directions. For children, they should use a product with DEET concentration of less than 30 percent," DOH said.

WASHINGTON, June 21 (Xinhua) -- A new study from Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH) and University of California, San Francisco, researchers suggests that men with prostate cancer who smoke increase their risk of prostate cancer recurrence and of dying from the disease. The study will be published Wednesday in the Journal of the American Medical Association."In our study, we found similar results for both prostate cancer recurrence and prostate cancer mortality," said Stacey Kenfield, lead author and a research associate in the HSPH Department of Epidemiology. "These data taken together provide further support that smoking may increase risk of prostate cancer progression."Kenfield and her colleagues conducted a prospective observational study of 5,366 men diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1986 and 2006 in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. The researchers documented 1,630 deaths, 524 (32 percent) due to prostate cancer, 416 (26 percent) due to cardiovascular disease, and 878 prostate cancer recurrences.The researchers found that men with prostate cancer who were current smokers had a 61 percent increased risk of dying from prostate cancer, and a 61 percent higher risk of recurrence compared with men who never smoked. Smoking was associated with a more aggressive disease at diagnosis, defined as a higher clinical stage or Gleason grade (a measure of prostate cancer severity). However, among men with non-metastatic disease at diagnosis, current smokers had an 80 percent increased risk of dying from prostate cancer.Compared with current smokers, men with prostate cancer who had quit smoking for 10 or more years, or who had quit for less than 10 years but smoked less than 20 pack-years before diagnosis, had prostate cancer mortality risk similar to men who had never smoked. Men who had quit smoking for less than 10 years and had smoked 20 or more pack-years had risks similar to current smokers."These data are exciting because there are few known ways for a man to reduce his risk of dying from prostate cancer," said senior author Edward Giovannucci, professor of nutrition and epidemiology at HSPH. "For smokers, quitting can impact their risk of dying from prostate cancer. This is another reason to not smoke."Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed form of cancer diagnosed in the United States and the second leading cause of cancer death among U.S. men, affecting one in six men during their lifetime. More than two million men in the U.S. and 16 million men worldwide are prostate cancer survivors.