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ASTANA, Dec. 12 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao and Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev on Saturday pledged to advance their countries' strategic partnership.     During a meeting with Nazarbayev, Hu put forward a five-point proposal for the development of bilateral relations between China and Kazakhstan. Firstly, China and Kazakhstan should strengthen their political mutual trust by maintaining the momentum of frequent high-level contact and expanding cooperation and exchanges between parliaments and government departments, Hu said.Chinese President Hu Jintao (L) meets with Kazakhstan's President Nursultan Nazarbayev in Astana Dec. 12, 2009. The Chinese president said the two sides should strengthen mutual support on major issues concerning each other's core interests so as to enhance mutual understanding and trust.     Hu said he has accepted an invitation by Nazarbayev to visit Kazakhstan next year, adding that he also invited Nazarbayev to visit China at a convenient time in the near future.     Secondly, Hu said the two countries should deepen their cooperation in the energy sector, and earnestly implement the operation and maintenance of the China-Kazakhstan natural gas pipeline.     The two countries should also strengthen cooperation in the mining sector, he said.     Thirdly, China and Kazakhstan should advance their cooperation in non-energy sectors so as to push forward practical bilateral ties in an all-round manner.     The Chinese president said the two countries should step up efforts to carry out their cooperation plans in non-energy sectors and in promoting the implementation of the first batch of their cooperation projects.     Hu also called for joint efforts from both sides in expanding the scale and improving the economic returns of their non-energy cooperation.     Fourthly, the two sides need to strengthen cooperation in the financial sector, especially in such areas as loans and financing, financial supervision, risk prevention and anti-money laundering.     He said the two sides should accelerate the implementation of agreements on the 10-billion-dollar loan China provided for Kazakhstan to create favorable conditions for their cooperation in energy, mining and non-energy sectors. Chinese President Hu Jintao (L) and Kazakhstan's President Nursultan Nazarbayev (R) attend the completion ceremony of the Kazakhstan-China natural gas pipeline in Astana Dec. 12, 2009. Fifthly, Hu said the two sides should expand cooperation and exchanges in the fields of humanities and culture.     He said China is ready to expand cooperation with Kazakhstan insuch areas as science, technology, education, culture, sports and tourism. He also announced a decision to increase from 100 to 200 the number of Kazakh students who study in China on Chinese government scholarships every year.     Nazarbayev agreed with Hu's five-point proposal and said the Kazak side was satisfied with the development of the good-neighborly friendship and strategic partnership enjoyed by the two countries.     Hu's visit took place on the eve of the 18th anniversary of Kazakhstan's independence, which Nazarbayev said reflects the importance that China places on its relations with his country.     The two leaders watched the completion of a natural gas pipeline in Kazakhstan earlier Saturday. The pipeline is part of the China-Central Asia gas pipeline that links Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan.     Noting that bilateral relations have ushered in a new stage of energy cooperation, Nazarbayev said his country was willing to strengthen pragmatic cooperation with China in the fields of trade, finance, infrastructure, energy and non-energy.     He also agreed with China's handling of the July 5 incident in Urumuqi in northwest China's Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and reiterated his support for China's efforts to strike against the "three evil forces" of terrorism, separatism and extremism     China's efforts were necessary to maintain stability in Xinjiang, and were good for stability in Kazakhstan, he said.     The president also thanked the Chinese government for increasing the number of Kazak students studying in China and said his country was ready to work with Beijing to smoothly run the two Confucius Institutes in Kazakhstan.     China and Kazakhstan have witnessed sustained, rapid and healthy progress of bilateral ties since establishing diplomatic relations in 1992.     Kazakhstan has become China's largest trading partner in Central Asia. Despite the global financial crisis, two-way trade reached 17.55 billion U.S. dollars in 2008, exceeding the 15-billion-dollar target set by the two countries' governments.     China and Kazakhstan have also made concerted efforts in fighting against the "three evil forces", cracking down on drug trafficking and other cross-border crimes.     Hu arrived in Astana earlier Saturday for a two-day visit to Kazakhstan at the invitation of Nazarbayev.     Kazakhstan is the first leg of Hu's two-nation Central Asia trip. He is expected to leave Kazakhstan on Sunday for Turkmenistan.

BEIJING, Dec. 10 (Xinhua) -- China on Thursday warned that the rich nations should not "shift and shirk" responsibility on climate change, and urged them to provide developing countries with funds to deal with the global issue.     "According to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), developed countries have responsibility to offer financial support to all developing countries on mitigating and adapting to climate change," Foreign Ministry spokeswoman told a regular news briefing.     "Funding is one of the key issues that will determine the success or failure of the Copenhagen conference. The offer of funds is the unshirkable responsibility of developed countries," said Jiang.     The UN Climate Change Conference, which opened Monday in Copenhagen, gathered representatives from 192 countries and aimed at mapping out a plan for combatting climate change from 2012 to 2020.     Financial support is a key issue at the talks.     Reports has quoted Todd Stern, U.S. special envoy for climate change, as saying that the United States would contribute to a fund aimed at helping developing nations deal with climate change, but China would not be a recipient of financial aid as it had a booming economy and large foreign exchange reserves.     "We hope that developed countries can positively respond to reasonable requests and suggestions from developing countries, demonstrate political sincerity and fulfil their obligations rather than shift and shirk responsibility," said Jiang.     "We hope the relevant parties make efforts to make the Copenhagen conference achieve results acceptable to all sides," Jiang said.

BEIJING, Dec. 26 (Xinhua) -- China will make unswerving efforts and work jointly with the international community for the completion of the Bali Roadmap negotiations at the Mexico climate talks next year, a senior official said Saturday.     Xie Zhenhua, vice minister of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), told Xinhua that China, as it has always done, would continue to play an active and constructive role on that front.     Also head of the Chinese delegation to the Copenhagen climate conference, Xie said developed countries bound by the Kyoto Protocol should confirm their second-phase emission reduction targets as soon as possible.     He said almost no progress was made on some key issues during the international climate change meeting in Copenhagen because developed countries were seeking to shift off obligations demanded by international climate agreements.     "Developing countries have raised requests concerning slowing and adapting to climate change, as well as funding and technology assistance, but developed countries have given no clear response, resulting in almost stagnation on key issues in these talks," he said.     It is also necessary to define the comparability of efforts in emission reduction between non-contracting developed countries and those who have endorsed the Protocol, said Xie.     He said parties bound by the Protocol should fulfill their commitment to short-term financing and stick to their promises on long-term funding.     Xie also urged developed nations to speed up technology transfer to developing countries.     Prior to the climate meeting, the Chinese government announced to cut emissions intensity by 40 to 45 percent by 2020 from the 2005 level.     During the talks in Copenhagen, China played an active role in seeking a viable solution to tackle global warming when diversity existed among countries, and it made great efforts to seek common ground while putting aside differences for further discussions, Xie said.

NAIROBI, Dec. 5 (Xinhua) -- The UN environmental agency UNEP Saturday hailed China's commitment to the fight against climate change and the recently-announced measure to render assistance to African countries in clean energy development.     China's State Council announced on Nov. 26 that China is going to reduce the intensity of carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP in 2020 by 40 to 45 percent compared with the level of 2005.     "China's announcement has assisted in triggering fresh momentumin the days running up to the crucial UN climate convention meeting in Copenhagen. It underscores China's determination to continue and accelerate the decoupling of CO2 emissions from economic growth," said Nick Nuttall, spokesman for the office of UN Environment Programme (UNEP) executive director.     He noted that China's announcement, alongside commitments and pledges by other countries or blocs like the European Union, Brazil, Mexico and the Republic of Korea, is bringing the opportunity of a decisive agreement in the Danish capital this month far closer than perhaps was the case only a few months ago.     "China is one among several nations that has increasingly recognized that development in the 21st century and environmental considerations are not a contradiction, but can be mutually supportive in terms of generating growth and jobs for a healthy, prosperous and stable society," said Nuttall in an exclusive written interview with Xinhua.     With regards to the new measures announced by China last month to assist Africa with clean energy projects, the spokesman termed it as "timely".     "Africa is the continent that is the least one responsible for climate change, yet it remains the most vulnerable and also has an especially important need for energy with many of the two billion people without access to electricity living in Africa," Nuttall stressed.     "The decision (of China) to support 100 projects can assist Africa in economic development and diversification in terms of sectors and wider-employment prospects while assisting towards a more sustainable path," said he, "So in terms of fighting poverty, accelerating development and combating climate change, China's announcement to assist Africa is welcome news."     At the fourth ministerial conference of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation in the Egyptian resort of Sharm el-Sheikh earlier last month, the Chinese government proposed to establish a China-Africa partnership in addressing climate change, as one of the eight new measures to strengthen the cooperation between the two sides in the next three years.     Senior officials' consultations with African countries will be held from time to time in this field, while cooperation will be enhanced on satellite weather monitoring. Development and utilization of new energy sources, prevention and control of desertification and urban environmental protection will also be boosted.     China has also decided to build 100 clean energy projects for Africa covering solar power, bio-gas and small hydro-power.     The spokesman also expressed optimistic about the upcoming Copenhagen conference, "While there is a great deal to be done in Copenhagen to realize a decisive and equitable agreement, there is now a real chance that the UN climate convention meeting can be a success."     He also listed several tests which will be faced with by the participates of the crucial meeting, like whether it can agree on a deal that reflects the science of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, or in other words, whether it can set the stage for a 25 percent to 40 percent emission reduction by 2020 and deeper cuts beyond.     The funding was also a bottleneck in the bid to strike a pivotal deal in the meeting. Nuttall elaborated by identifying as a test whether "Copenhagen can develop a global financial partnership in which developing economies are given sufficient resource to adapt to the climate change already underway while being assisted towards a low carbon path".     According to UNEP estimates, sums of perhaps 100 billion U.S. dollars a year by 2020 may be needed and there needs to be a quick start fund of several billion dollars almost immediately.     Meanwhile, other elements need to be put in place including action that recognizes the mitigation and adaptation role of ecosystems like forests which will be increasingly important in terms of their role in delivering water supplies and stabilizing economically-important soils against extreme weather events, Nuttall told Xinhua.     UNEP's recent Blue Carbon report estimated that around half of all the world's transport emissions are being captured and locked away by sea grasses, mangroves and salt marshes.     "Copenhagen could and must be the start of a really new and more creative development path for six billion people, rising to nine billion by 2050," Nuttall said determinedly.     The Copenhagen climate summit is scheduled for Dec. 7-18, where representatives of about 190 countries are expected to renew greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets set by the Kyoto Protocol, the first commitment period of which is to expire in 2012. It is also expected to outline the post-2012 negotiation path.

BEIJING, Dec. 26 -- Competition between airlines and rail operators will further hot up on Saturday thanks to the launch of China's longest high-speed train link between Wuhan and Guangzhou.     The line stretches more than 1,000 km and will slash the travel time from Wuhan, Hubei province, to Guangzhou in Guangdong from 10 hours to just three.     Tickets for the service - which also stops at Changsha, capital of Hunan - went on sale at new stations in the three cities last weekend, with prices ranging from 780 yuan (0) for first class to 490 yuan for second class, said a joint document released by the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Railways. A bullet train runs on the Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway on Thursday    The link, on which trains will reach a top speed of 350 km/h, is expected to pose a real threat to airlines running flights linking the cities.     "High-speed rail has three advantages over air travel: it is more convenient, more punctual and has a better safety record. This could help erode the airlines' market shares," said Si Xianmin, chairman of China Southern Airlines, the largest domestic airline by fleet size.     From today's launch, 38 out of China Southern Airlines' 160-plus domestic flights will compete with high-speed train links, he said.     A similar service opened on April 1 between Wuhan and Hefei, Anhui province, had already grabbed half of the passengers traveling from Wuhan to Shanghai, said Si.     The Shijiazhuang to Taiyuan link, also opened on April 1, caused sales for China Eastern Airlines' Beijing to Taiyuan flight to slump 36 percent the following day, while private Spring Airlines reduced its Shanghai to Zhengzhou flights due to competition from the Shanghai bullet trains, Beijing News reported.     To deal with this threat, China Southern Airlines last week unveiled several counter measures, including cutting ticket prices from Wuhan to Guangzhou by almost half for advanced purchases.     The company also signed a deal with airports in Wuhan and Changsha to give priority to flights to Guangzhou to ensure punctuality.     If railway chiefs over-cut the number of low-cost tickets on slower trains, as they did when the country's first high-speed link opened between Beijing and Tianjin last year, the airlines could win more passengers with cheap offers, said Zhao Jian, professor with Beijing Jiaotong University.     "But whichever side wins, passengers will be the ultimate winner," he said.     Wu Wenhua, a researcher with the National Development and Reform Commission's comprehensive transport institute, said developing high-speed rail networks is in line with the demand for high-efficiency, low-emissions transport.     China plans to have high-speed rail services running between 70 percent of key cities by 2020, which would cover more than 80 percent of the airline network.     About 16,000 km of railway for 350-km/h trains will be built on the mainland in the next 10 years, according to a blueprint by the Ministry of Railways. By 2012, work will be completed on 42 high-speed links covering 13,000 km, the blueprint showed.