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JINAN, Oct. 24 (Xinhua) -- Chinese scientists have made a breakthrough that could lead to more effective treatments for leprosy.A team from Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology in east China has identified two new risk variants near IL23R and RAB 32 genes that are responsible for the disease, according to a report published online Monday in the scientific journal Nature Genetics.Knowing that the two gene variants influence susceptibility to leprosy could allow doctors to diagnose the disease in sufferers earlier in its outset, as well as to develop new treatments. A genetic database could now be built up to predict those people particularly susceptible to leprosy, said Zhang Furen, the leader of the research team.The study involved more than 10,000 samples being taken from leprosy sufferers and healthy test subjects and analysed.Leprosy is a chronic nerve-killing disease that leads to problems with patients' skin, feet, hands, legs and eyes. More than 200,000 newly-contracted leprosy cases are reported worldwide every year, and China has around one tenth of the world's sufferers. 

BEIJING, Dec. 30 (Xinhua) -- Chinese State Councilor Dai Bingguo and U.S. National Security Advisor Tom Donilon held a telephone conversation on China-U.S. relations on Friday.The two senior officials reviewed recent developments in China-U.S. relations and agreed to carry out in 2012 the important consensus reached between the heads of state of the two countries.They also pledged to strengthen dialogue, mutual trust and cooperation, properly handle disputes, and promote a healthy and steady development of China-U.S. relations.Dai and Donilon also exchanged views on other issues of common concern.

SAN FRANCISCO, Jan. 12 (Xinhua) -- Microsoft on Thursday announced a patent licensing agreement with LG Electronics covering the South Korean manufacturer's tablets, smartphones and other consumer devices running Google's Android or Chrome operating system.In a press release, Microsoft said it marks the 11th deal with a device manufacturer leveraging Google's operating system platform, noting that "more than 70 percent of all Android smartphones in the U.S. are now receiving coverage under Microsoft 's patent portfolio."Terms of the deal were not disclosed. So far, Microsoft has struck major cross-licensing patent agreements with HTC, Samsung and Acer, among others.Last September, Microsoft announced a broad patent deal with Samsung. U.S. media reports cited South Korean media as saying that Microsoft had wanted Samsung to pay 10 to 15 U.S. dollars for each Android device.The booming mobile market has been harassed by acrimonious legal battles over patent infringement. Being an open source operating system, Google's Android has become a major target of patent suits.Microsoft has been going after companies that make phones and tablets running Android, rather than directly against Google. But the two tech giants are still engaged in public spats over the issue after Google's top legal officer posted a scathing blog last August accusing Microsoft and other companies of waging "a hostile, organized campaign against Android."Motorola Mobility, which Google announced to acquire in a 12.5 billion-dollar deal last August, currently is the last major Android device vendor that refuses to take a license from Microsoft.Frank Shaw, Microsoft's head of communications, used Twitter to taunt Google on Thursday, twitting "Hey Google -- we are the 70 percent" with a link to their press release.Brad Smith, Microsoft's executive vice president and general counsel, also tweeted "it's time to recognize that in patent world, lawsuits are the 1 percent; license agreements are the 99 percent. "Google so far has made no comments on the Microsoft-LG patent deal.

KUNMING, Dec. 11 (Xinhua) -- By moonlight, Ma Yuanqiong, a grassroots AIDS prevention practitioner, and her colleagues slipped into a large community of migrant workers in the city of Jinghong in southwest Yunnan province.As usual, they were greeted tepidly. A dozen sex workers living in the community came to obtain free condoms and brochures on AIDS prevention and quickly dispersed."We visit these women every week. They are familiar with us, but rarely talk about themselves," said Ma, who is in charge of an AIDS prevention program targeting sex workers in Jinghong. The program was initiated by Fuhua International, a local NGO.Sex workers are highly sensitive and vigilant due to safety concerns, since sexual services are illegal in China, Ma said. They have become harder to find since local police started a persistent crackdown on prostitution two years ago and drove many sex workers underground, she said.INACCESSIBILITY IMPEDES EFFORTSJinghong is located in Xishuangbannan Dai autonomous prefecture. Bordering Laos and Myanmar, it's a famous tourist city where the underground sex industry thrives.The AIDS prevention program, which began in 2006, is aimed at improving sex workers' awareness of the epidemic -- which is primarily sexually transmitted -- and prompting them to change risky behavior.In the beginning, program workers quickly realized they faced a significant challenge. "We were often rejected, or even threatened when trying to get in touch with the sex workers at first," Ma said.But the practitioners persisted, approaching nonjudgmentally and treating them as friends, and eventually their efforts began to pay off.During the past five years, the program has provided free condoms and AIDS consulting services to more than 400 sex workers aged 14 to 58 and from many parts of the country, according to Ma.The program has even helped several sex workers give up the business and pursue legitimate careers.However, the organization currently only keeps in touch with about 100 sex workers and has found it more difficult to reach more.The police crackdown has made the sex workers, especially low-paid street hookers, more mobile and less visible, and Ma pointed out that low-paid sex workers are in greater need for outreach as they are more vulnerable to HIV infection than their their higher-paid counterparts."Low-level sex workers are at a heightened risk, as they and their clients, mainly migrant workers and the elderly, all have insufficient knowledge of the disease," she said.According to statistics provided by the provincial disease control and prevention center (CDC) of Yunnan, about 1.6 percent of sex workers in Yunnan have contracted HIV, while the ratio among the low-level group is 3 percent.By the end of October, Yunnan reported 93,567 HIV carriers and AIDS patients, the most among all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities."We conducted a survey in Jinghong and neighboring Menghai County at the end of 2008 and found that low-level sex workers almost never used condoms then," said Kang Jun, head of the HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment office in Xishuangbanna.The survey also found that the low-level sex workers only charged about 20 yuan (3.2 U.S. dollars) for each service, and every day they received 16 clients on average, according to Kang.Ahead of the police crackdown, Kang and his colleagues had provided HIV testing services for more than 30 low-level sex workers, and the results showed that two of them had been infected by the virus."The testing work was forced to halt as the crackdown began soon and we could hardly find them," Kang said.The good news, he said, was that the local CDC will launch a four-year investigation on sex workers in Xishuangbanna next January as part of a massive state-funded research project.

SHENYANG, Nov. 17 (Xinhua) -- A MD-90 aircraft left the northeastern city of Shenyang for its American home on Thursday, ending the service of the last McDonnell-Douglas jet for Chinese airlines.Chinese carriers will no longer operate MD-made jets due to growing market demands, said Lu Changchun, deputy general manager with the north China branch of China Southern Airlines, which has operated the MD-90 jet for over a decade.MD-90 jets were involved in no accidents during the decade-long-service in China, so safety concerns did not lead to their retirement, Lu said, adding about 1,000 MD-90 jets are still flying around the world.Lu, however, admitted that supply of aircraft materials was affected as the production line of MD jets shrank, after McDonnell-Douglas Cooperation was merged into Boeing in 1997.MD jets were replaced mainly because Chinese airlines need new models to accommodate air travel demands fueled by the economic boom, Lu said.The north China branch of China Southern Airlines also announced Thursday the retirement of five A300-600R planes, which are replaced by A320 family jets. China Southern Airlines began flying an Airbus A380 superjumbo in China in October.China's domestic air travel market is predicted to grow 13.9 percent annually by 2014 and transport 379 million domestic air passengers, which will make the country the world's second-largest air travel market after the United States, according to a report released by the International Air Transport Association.Back in the 1990s, a Shanghai-based aircraft maker assembled two MD-90 jets in China, Lu said, adding the two jets retired this year.Change of jets model serves the strategic transformation of China Southern Airlines and meets the market demands, Lu said.Li Jiaxiang, chief of China's civil aviation administration, estimated that over 1.5 trillion yuan (235 billion U.S. dollars) will be invested in the civil aviation industry by 2015, adding about 2,000 aircraft to the country's fleet.Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China, producer of China's first self-developed jumbo jet, the C919, has announced that it will complete the design for the passenger plane in 2012. The jet is expected to take off in 2014 and put into service in 2016.