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Scientists, doctors and the public are eagerly waiting to hear how effective a COVID-19 vaccine will be and how soon it could be available to everyone. But when the vaccine is ready, some will be racing to be first in line, while others will be cautiously waiting to see how it plays out."Only about half of people get a flu vaccination polls are showing. In terms of the coronavirus, that’s saying that a third to maybe as much as half of the population will not want to get a vaccine," said Arthur Evans, the CEO of the American Psychological Association.Evans is concerned about whether people will be willing to get the COVID-19 vaccine when it comes out. How people are educated about the upcoming vaccine will be crucial."Right now, I think there are a lot of people who want to take a vaccine and to get a vaccine, but if people feel that this has been rushed, that they don’t feel all of the normal safety measures have been taken, it's going to be much harder for people to take that step," explained Evans.Dr. Bali Pulendran, a pathology, microbiology and immunology professor at Stanford University, says just because a COVID-19 vaccine is being expedited doesn't mean it's any less safe."It's a very established, lengthy process. It’s expedited now because of certain technologies such as the mRNA technology that really helps you accelerate this process," said Dr. Pulendran.He says the creation of a vaccine is rigorously tested, first with mice, then primates, and finally, humans. Tens of thousands of people are currently choosing to participate in COVID-19 vaccine trials."And so, this is a development and paradigm that has served vaccinology really well. It's really served it well in terms of enabling the licensure of some 20 or more vaccines," said Dr. Pulendran.Dr. Pulendran says every year, the flu vaccine varies in efficacy. For a good year, it could be 90 percent protective, while the next year, the flu shot may only be 10 percent effective. The COVID-19 vaccine is expected to be 60 percent effective."I think for me, personally, if I saw a vaccine coming out in the next year or so that had a 60 to 70 percent efficacy, that to me would be very encouraging," said Dr. Pulendran.The public, though, may still need some convincing."One of the hardest things for the general public to embrace is the idea of probability. We like to know definitively if something works or not,” said Evans. “The reality is that a vaccine is a probabilistic issue. It's highly likely that you won’t contract, whatever the condition is, but it’s not 100 percent."Evans says the key will be in how the vaccine is marketed to the American public.Dr. Pulendran hopes any positive data and outcomes of the COVID-19 vaccine trial will encourage as many people as possible to get the vaccine when it comes out. 2823

Sen. Amy Klobuchar, D-Minn., said in an MSNBC interview late Thursday that she is no longer interested in being Joe Biden’s running mate in this fall’s presidential election.Klobuchar was considered among the favorites to be pegged as Biden’s running mate. On Thursday, she took her name out of the running.Klobuchar cited her desire to see a woman of color as part of the reason she is taking herself out of the running. Biden, who previously said he would likely choose a woman as his running mate, has received pressure to choose a minority to be his running mate in the weeks since the death of George Floyd.With Klobuchar’s past as a prosecutor, and given Floyd was killed by officers in Klobuchar’s home state, many pundits believed her viability as a running mate dropped.“After what I have seen in my state, what I have seen across the country, this is a historic moment,” Klobuchar said. “America must seize on this moment and I truly believe, as I told the vice president last night, I think this is a moment to put a woman of color on that ticket."According to an Associated Press report last week, Sen. Kamala Harris and former National Security Advisor Susan Rice were among those being vetted.Klobuchar joined Biden in a crowded Democratic field vying for the party’s presidential nomination. Klobuchar briefly gained momentum following a solid performance in New Hampshire, but following lackluster results in Nevada and South Carolina, Klobuchar exited the race and endorsed Biden the night before Super Tuesday. 1536

Sen. Amy Klobuchar, D-Minn., said in an MSNBC interview late Thursday that she is no longer interested in being Joe Biden’s running mate in this fall’s presidential election.Klobuchar was considered among the favorites to be pegged as Biden’s running mate. On Thursday, she took her name out of the running.Klobuchar cited her desire to see a woman of color as part of the reason she is taking herself out of the running. Biden, who previously said he would likely choose a woman as his running mate, has received pressure to choose a minority to be his running mate in the weeks since the death of George Floyd.With Klobuchar’s past as a prosecutor, and given Floyd was killed by officers in Klobuchar’s home state, many pundits believed her viability as a running mate dropped.“After what I have seen in my state, what I have seen across the country, this is a historic moment,” Klobuchar said. “America must seize on this moment and I truly believe, as I told the vice president last night, I think this is a moment to put a woman of color on that ticket."According to an Associated Press report last week, Sen. Kamala Harris and former National Security Advisor Susan Rice were among those being vetted.Klobuchar joined Biden in a crowded Democratic field vying for the party’s presidential nomination. Klobuchar briefly gained momentum following a solid performance in New Hampshire, but following lackluster results in Nevada and South Carolina, Klobuchar exited the race and endorsed Biden the night before Super Tuesday. 1536

Scientists and medical professionals across the country are working to learn about the coronavirus’s effect on children. There's still a lot they don't know about how the virus affects children.With children often not showing as many symptoms as adults, experts say kids can help us learn more about the novel coronavirus. Dr. Beth Thielen, a pediatric infectious disease physician and professor at the University of Minnesota, says people could be looking to children, especially as they go back to school, to find out more about the coronavirus."I mean, I hope so. I think this provides a very rich opportunity to understand a lot of basic things about the immune system and why diseases manifest differently in adults and children," says Dr. Thielen.Dr. Thielen says from possible protective measures of the MMR vaccine in children to t-cells, there's so much people can learn from how children's bodies combat viruses."It is thought that t-cells play a substantial role in helping to clear viral infections from the lungs. There are people looking at t-cell responses but they've lagged a bit behind with the data coming out on t-cell responses hasn’t been as prominent as the antibody studies," says Dr. Thielen. She adds, the reason people are looking at t-cells and children is because t-cells decline with age."I think they are critical. We all have them, they work to protect us from infection and potentially they are more efficacious in younger people potentially. Although, I think that really hasn’t been clearly worked out for SARS COV2," says Dr. Thielen.Dr. Jay Varkey, an epidemiologist at Emory Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia, agrees. Dr. Varkey says scientists are also looking into why children older than 10 years old, are more likely to have more serious symptoms with COVID-19."I think the reasons for that are complex. I think part of that might be related to some sort of existing t-cell immunity, and to what that is whether that’s to memory cells that are acting against a previous seasonal coronavirus that would just cause cold like symptoms, or whether its related to something more complex -- I don't think we’re there in terms of understanding," says Dr. Varkey.Dr. Varkey says, while children can help us understand COVID-19 better, it's also up to the adults to make sure they're growing up in a healthy, safe environment."We will learn much from kids but one of the messages we’ve been emphasizing in the hospital is that if we, again- and I answer this both not just as an infectious disease physician but also as a parent to two school age kids--we as adults have a responsibility to try and make our community safe to actually allow in-person learning," says Dr. Varkey."I think that we often think of children as getting a lot of these infections and the fact of the matter is most adults are getting exposed, as well, but our immune systems are sort of experienced at seeing them and we don't get sick," says Dr. Thielen.Dr. Thielen is a member of the Pediatric Infectious Disease Society and says she and other doctors in their scientific groups are advocating for more pediatric research to truly understand how certain diseases, including COVID-19, behave in children. 3217

SCOTTSDALE, Ariz. — An Arizona legislative candidate is saddened and embarrassed after one of his political signs was vandalized with anti-Semitic markings.Seth Blattman, who is Jewish, is running as a Democrat to represent Legislative District 23 in the Arizona State Senate. On Friday, he posted a picture on Twitter showing a campaign sign of his that had been vandalized with a swastika and the word "killer.""I have a great aunt who survived the Holocaust. She was a kid. I also had family who died in the Holocaust," Blattman said. "For Jewish people, it's a little special. It means hate, but directed at you. It's the worst thing you could show or say to a Jewish person."Blattman reported the markings to Scottsdale police, who asked him to leave the sign up so police could conduct their investigation. He plans to take it down as soon as possible."It's sad to see, and it doesn't make you feel safe either," Blattman said. "It's embarrassing, you know, and it's such a terrible symbol I didn't want it out there. I wanted to cover it up.""Even after doing this for 13 years, I'm still shocked when I see something like this," said Tammy Gillies, Interim Director at the Anti-Defamation League in Arizona. "We would like to see a lot more civil discourse. We can certainly disagree on the issues. Nobody has to agree, and that's why there's so many candidates in different areas. We need to lead by example."Blattman's Republican opponent, Michelle Ugenti-Rita, did not respond to questions about whether she condemned the anti-Semitic vandalism to Blattman's sign. Ugenti-Rita is a strong supporter of President Donald Trump, and the president's failure to condemn anti-Semitic behavior has drawn widespread criticism throughout his first term.This story was originally published by Adam Waltz on KNXV in Phoenix. 1832