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SAN DIEGO (KGTV)-- Protests around the nation have put police officers' less-lethal use-of-force under the microscope. A criminal justice professor explained the protocols taught in the Police Academy, and what is considered appropriate and excessive.La Mesa Police used tear gas against riotous protestors rushing Police Headquarters on May 30, 2020."These are things that are designed to get people's attention, to shock them, to say get back," former El Cajon police officer and now criminal justice professor, Kevin LaChapelle said.If the violent protestors disperse, LaChapelle said these less-lethal weapons are serving their purpose. He said in the Police Academy officers are taught to face threats using the "Force +1" method."If somebody is presenting a particular level of force towards me, I can respond with that force and then one more level to basically control the situation."According to the National Institute of Justice, there are five basic levels of "use-of-force" to diffuse a situation.1. It begins with officer presence, in which there is no use of force.2. Then come verbal commands, such as an officer asking for identification or telling someone to 'Stop!'3. The next level is empty-hand control, where an officer could grab, hold a person.4. Then come the less-lethal methods, including a baton, taser, projectile, sound, or chemical sprays.5. The last resort is lethal force or the use of a firearm.LaChappelle said officers primarily use projectiles to control riots. Pepper bullets are normally deployed onto the ground, and when they skid, they emit an uncomfortable spray. Sound, light, or rubber bullets are aimed at or below a person's torso, which can cause bruises. The same go with beanbags, which can be filled with anything from styrofoam to harder materials."When people say, 'This is too uncomfortable, and I can't handle this. I'm going to stop. I'm going to leave,' that is what you're hoping for," LaChapelle said.But to avoid these violent clashes, LaChapelle believes it is crucial to build relationships and dialogue between departments and the community."Lawlessness isn't the answer, but there has to be reform because what's worked in the past does not work for the future," LaChapelle said.ABC10News asked the La Mesa Police Department for its exact protocols for the use of projectiles during violent riots. They sent us a link to their less-lethal weapons manual. Its philosophy states: 2448

SAN DIEGO, Calif (KGTV) - A series of problems at a handful of California gas refineries have caused prices to surge over the last month.According to the Automobile Club of Southern California, the average cost of gas in California is .955 per gallon. That's more than a dollar more than the national average of .811. Alabama has the lowest gas prices in the country at .499 per gallon.Because of strict environmental regulations, most of the gas in California has to be made in state. So when local refineries go off-line, it directly impacts prices.AAA says at least 6 of the 12 gas producing plants in the state have had problems in the last month, leading to shut-downs.On March 15, a fire shut down the Wilmington Phillips 66 refinery.Ten days later, the Valero refinery in the Bay Area shut down when a scrubber malfunctioned, sending black smoke into the air.Flaring issues caused outages at two plans in Southern California, the Chevron plant in El Segundo and the Valero in Wilmington.Meanwhile, PBF Energy in Torrance had routine maintenance scheduled, which decreased production."We don't have pipelines that can pipe relatively cheap gasoline to use from other states," says Marie Montgomery with the Automobile Club of Southern California. "We have to rely on shipping of gasoline when our refineries have problems."According to the California Energy Commission, refineries in Washington and the US Gulf Coast can produce gas for California, as can refineries in Eastern Canada, Finland, Germany, the US Virgin Islands, the Middle East and Asia. But it takes time for those shipments to arrive.In the first week of April, the state didn't receive a single drop of imported gasoline.As we wait, local refineries have dipped into their reserves to meet demand, taking two million barrels out of reserves."The imported gas is going to be coming here, there's no doubt about that," says Montgomery. "We've got the highest prices in the country by far right now. So it's very profitable for other countries to send it to us."Still, AAA says it's almost a sure thing that prices will top per gallon by the end of the month.To find the best price on gasoline in your area, click here. 2207

San Diego, CA (KGTV)- Some high school students in the Grossmont Union High School District will return to partial in-person learning starting on September 29.Sixty-eight percent of parents surveyed districtwide wanted their high school students to return to an in-person, blended learning model, while 32 percent wanted their students to stay in full-time distance learning from home.The district is moving forward with both options.Starting Tuesday, some students will be back on campus with limitations."Students have to be divided into smaller groups," said Theresa Kemper, the district's superintendent.If parents chose the blended learning model, their student has been assigned to Group A, Group B, Group C, or Group D, based on factions like students per household, transportation needs, and course schedule."They each will come to school one day a week," she said.The group placement determines which day the students will come to campus; they will be learning from home the rest of the time.The district created a roadmap for reopening, which includes five levels."We want to make sure that we're really confident with new routines that have been established, we want to make sure the county health conditions are continuing to improve," said Kemper.All schools in the district have been operating at Level 1, which is strictly distance learning.Level 2 begins next week and allows students to learn on campus one day a week, with 25 percent of the campus population, in class sizes of eight to twelve students."Our Special Education academies and alternative schools are also starting at Level 2, but will attend two days a week instead of one," she said.All students will be screened and have their temperatures checked before entering the classroom, teachers, and staff will be tested for COVID-19 regularly, and everyone will be required to wear facial coverings.The schools will also be deep cleaned each day, and students will be physically distanced from one another."If everything looks good, after about two weeks, we could potentially announce going to the next level," said Kemper.By level five, students will be back on campus five days a week.Kemper said the district is taking a cautious approach and has plans in place if a school needs to jump back a level at any time."If we change from two days a week to one day a week, then we already got a plan in place, and it's easy to transition to that," she said. "I want parents and students to know we are so excited to see him, there's no place like school." 2539

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) --The FDA has placed new restrictions on a controversial birth control device called Essure.  The maker of the implant, Bayer, will only be allowed to sell to providers who agree to fully inform women about the risks and side effects.  A San Diego woman who had the Essure implant is now suing the physician who performed the procedure.  She says she wasn't given enough information and wants to warn others about her experience.  Three months after Essure was implanted she began experiencing severe pain. She eventually had a full hysterectomy.   603

San Diego (KGTV)- For many people who live on a fixed income buying groceries may be a challenge. But now, 95,000 San Diegans receiving Supplemental Security Income, or SSI, will be able to apply for the CalFresh program (food stamps). “Individuals receiving SSI receives no more than 0 a month,” says Amanda Schultz Brocheo, with the San Diego Hunger Coalition. “For the majority, of SSI recipients, this all the money they have.”In San Diego, 1 in 11 older adults don’t have enough food to eat. “In some cases, we’ve heard of SSI recipients that will pull out a calendar and circle the days they are going to choose not to eat.”The San Diego Hunger Coalition says they are happy about the expansion but say the amount per day the is less than a day. “We determined that here in San Diego County the average CalFresh allotment is .07 a day.” This week also marks CalFresh Challenge Week. The organization encourages San Diegans to try living off a day for food. It’s meant to bring awareness to the food insecurities around the county. “We know that the CalFresh program is our strongest tool to for fighting hunger and also recognize that the current allotment is fairly small,” says Brocheo. “It makes it fairly difficult for people to live on that amount. With that said that a day is a more than they would have received otherwise.”To apply for the CalFresh program: - apply online- Call 2-1-1 - attend an upcoming CalFresh program event 1466

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