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A recent study by researchers at Columbia University in New York found that mothers who give birth and are infected with COVID-19 might not need to be separated from their newborns.The observational study, which was published in the peer-reviewed journal JAMA Pediatrics on Monday, found no evidence of transmission from the 101 newborns (including a set of twins) born to a 100 mothers, who had or suspected of having the coronavirus, despite the babies rooming or breastfed directly.The researchers at Columbia University Irving Medical Center said 91 moms chose to breastfeed, and 76 stayed in the same room with their baby. If they breastfed, the moms wore a mask and practiced breast and hand hygiene. The moms who roomed-in with their newborns, who were in isolettes, were distanced about 6 feet away from the mother's bed.The study showed 99 women tested positive and one tested negative, but presented signs consistent with COVID-19, so she was treated as a presumptive positive.Researchers said 55 babies were seen again two weeks after their birth, and they all remained healthy."Our findings suggest that mothers positive for SARS-CoV-2, including those with clinical symptoms, and their newborns may not need to be separated," the researchers said. 1268

A recent study appears to show a person’s blood type might indicate whether they will develop severe respiratory failure if they contract COVID-19.The study sequenced genomes of 1,600 COVID-19 patients in Spain and Italy who had been hospitalized with severe respiratory failure and compared the results to DNA sequences of 2,205 healthy subjects.Results appear to show that people with type A blood had a higher chance of developing severe respiratory failure as compared to people with O blood type. The study claims there may be a “protective effect” for blood group O. However this study has not been peer-reviewed yet and the exact kind or extent of “protective effect” is not known.In early June, the site 23andme.com released results from information gathered from 750,000 participants who identified they had COVID-19. The genealogy company said their research suggests a similar effect in people with O blood type. “Individuals with O blood type are between 9-18% percent less likely than individuals with other blood types to have tested positive for COVID-19, according to the data,” a company statement said.They said while there was a significant difference in those with O blood type, there “appeared to be little differences in susceptibility among the other blood types.”However, some are questioning this idea that people with type O blood are protected. Laura Cooling is the director of immunohematology at the University of Michigan. She noted that the idea that having type O blood is protective doesn’t match with current COVID-19 infection rates.Type O blood is usually more prevalent among African Americans, according to the American Red Cross, yet new information from the CDC and states indicate African Americans have experienced disproportionately high COVID-19 infection rates. Cooling says there are many factors to consider.“It’s what your blood type is, relative to the other person who exposed you, relative to all the other genetic and acquired health conditions you have,” she told Chemical and Engineering News on the matter. 2069

A new wave of pollution is littering our streets and shores, disposable face masks and plastic gloves.The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) has surged around the world, with one study estimating a monthly usage of 129 billion face masks and 65 billion gloves globally."The amount of PPE we're finding, even just anecdotally walking through our streets, is astounding," said Alex Ferron, Chapter Chair of the San Diego Surfrider Foundation.Making matters worse, the pandemic has impacted some of the traditional methods used to tackle pollution.Last year, Surfrider San Diego's beach clean-ups removed more than 16,000 pounds of trash from the coastline. But with social distancing laws, the nonprofit fears that number will be drastically lower in 2020."Plastic pollution hasn't stopped. Plastic is being used, if not more than ever," said Ferron. The French nonprofit Ope?ration Mer Propre is documenting PPE waste in the Mediterranean Sea, sharing videos and pictures of gloves and face coverings littering the seafloor.Ferron says the pandemic also reversed other progress made by environmental groups."Initially, we saw a big trend away from reusable items at all, my coffee shop wouldn't take my mug, my grocery store wouldn't take my bag."Ferron says she was OK with this safety precaution early on because little was known about the virus.But now, she points to some of the latest CDC information, which says COVID is mainly spread from person-to-person, within close contact. Transmission through contaminated surfaces has not been documented.A health expert statement signed by over 100 scientists around the world stated that reusable systems could be used safely by employing basic hygiene.To try and tackle the problem, Surfrider San Diego launched a solo cleanup campaign, encouraging individuals to clean old and new waste polluting our communities."Empower people to go out and pick up trash. In their neighborhood, in their parks, at their local beach, wherever they feel comfortable, and do their part," said Ferron. The nonprofit has guidelines on how to do this safely, urging people to wear a mask, use reusable gloves, and a trash grabber if possible. Also, they say to bring two bags to separate PPE from recyclables.Those who can't get out and clean can do their part by making sure their PPE ends up in a trash can and not the ground.Ferron says whether or not you live near a beach, you can make a difference."It's not just an ocean issue, it's an environment issue," Ferron said. 2522

A teenager suspected of opening fire at a high school near Spokane, Washington and killing one student told detectives he wanted to teach others a lesson, court documents released Thursday said.The suspect has been charged with one count of murder and three counts of attempted murder after a deadly shooting at the at Freeman High School on Wednesday, the Spokane County sheriff's office said in a statement.Authorities say the shooter, a sophomore at the school, pulled a handgun and started shooting indiscriminately inside the school until a janitor approached him and ordered him to surrender. During the shooting, a student was killed. 649

A survey of parents across the United States estimates that one in 40 children has autism spectrum disorder, according to a study published Monday in the journal Pediatrics.In other words, the condition was reported in 2.5% of children, representing an estimated 1.5 million kids ages 3 to 17.A report released this year by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated the prevalence at one in 59 children or about 1.7%, based on 2014 data."Prevalence is not growing that rapidly, although the CDC's data suggests it is still growing," Thomas Frazier, chief science officer of the advocacy organization Autism Speaks, said in an emailed statement. He was not involved in the new report."What is happening is that these studies use methods that are a bit more liberal and inclusive than the CDC's methods," Frazier said, adding that he prefers the CDC's numbers but understands "that they are likely a bit conservative."The new study is based on the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health, which was conducted by the US Census Bureau and which collected information from parents of more than 50,000 children up to age 17. To be included in the estimate, parents would have had to report that their child had ever received a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and that they currently had the condition.The new numbers were also slightly lower than those in the 2017 National Health Interview Survey. It estimated that 2.76% of children had ever received such a diagnosis, which the authors of the new report note is a broader definition.The fact that the new study relies on parental reporting -- which is not validated by health and education records, as in the CDC report -- may be a limitation despite the broad scope of the research, the authors say.Frazier said the 1-in-40 figure is "generally consistent with previous parent surveys and other direct prevalence studies where researchers directly screen for and attempt to identify autism."The parents in the new study also reported more difficulties getting the health care their children need, versus those with Down syndrome, or other behavioral disorder, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder."Though we've seen progress in recent years, this confirms what we know from our parents -- that many children face unacceptable delays in getting a diagnostic evaluation, even after parents, teachers or other caregivers have recognized the signs of autism," Frazier said.In the new study, more than a quarter of children with autism spectrum disorder were taking medication for symptoms related to the condition, and nearly two-thirds have received "behavioral treatments" in the past year, the study says.It also found a higher prevalence for autism spectrum disorder among certain groups such as boys, children of single mothers and households below the federal poverty level, compared with those at least four times above that income threshold.The differences between the new study's numbers and those of the CDC study might be explained by the years they were conducted, the ages of children studied and where they lived, according to the new study.The CDC report was based on data collected from 11 communities across the country but was not necessarily nationally representative, according to that report's co-author Daisy Christensen, surveillance team lead in the developmental disabilities branch of the CDC's National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities."Parents know their child best," Christensen, who was not involved in the new report, previously told CNN. "We want to encourage parents to be aware of their child's development, to be aware of the milestones that children achieve."Autism spectrum disorder, a lifelong developmental disability, is characterized by problems with communication and social interaction with accompanying repetitive behavior patterns.The authors note that it's difficult to compare the new report with prior iterations due to updates in how the survey collected its data and how questions were worded."We cannot tell what proportion was explained by internal survey changes rather than external factors," the authors wrote.Still, the report comes as estimated prevalences of the disorder have been rising for decades."Over the '80s and '90s, the diagnostic criteria expanded to include more children," Christensen said, "so I think that's definitely a possibility for the increase that we've seen."In the past, more than half of children identified with autism also had intellectual disability, and now it's about a third, she said. "And that's really consistent with identifying children who are perhaps at the milder end of the spectrum."The new study's authors also note that universal screening recommendations in the 2000s may have led to a rise in prevalence among younger children, for example."Because there is no biological marker, [autism spectrum disorder] is a particularly challenging condition to track," the authors note.But understanding how common it is allows health experts to distribute resources and get families the help they need, according to Frazier."Having prevalence estimates -- even if there is some variation -- helps us to advocate for improved screening, diagnosis, interventions and supports," he said. 5314