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WASHINGTON, April 20 (Xinhua) -- Those childhood music lessons could pay off decades later -- even for those who no longer play an instrument -- by keeping the mind sharper as people age, according to a preliminary study published by the American Psychological Association (APA).The study recruited 70 healthy adults age 60 to 83 who were divided into groups based on their levels of musical experience. The musicians performed better on several cognitive tests than individuals who had never studied an instrument or learned how to read music, according to the research findings published Wednesday online in the APA journal Neuropsychology."Musical activity throughout life may serve as a challenging cognitive exercise, making your brain fitter and more capable of accommodating the challenges of aging," said lead researcher Brenda Hanna-Pladdy, a clinical neuropsychologist at the University of Kansas Medical Center. "Since studying an instrument requires years of practice and learning, it may create alternate connections in the brain that could compensate for cognitive declines as we get older."The three groups of study participants included individuals with no musical training; with one to nine years of musical study; or with at least 10 years of musical training. All of the participants had similar levels of education and fitness and didn' t show any evidence of Alzheimer's disease.All of the musicians were amateurs who began playing an instrument at about 10 years of age. More than half played the piano while approximately a quarter had studied woodwind instruments such as the flute or clarinet. Smaller numbers performed with stringed instruments, percussion or brass instruments.The high-level musicians who had studied the longest performed the best on the cognitive tests, followed by the low-level musicians and non-musicians, revealing a trend relating to years of musical practice. The high-level musicians had statistically significant higher scores than the non-musicians on cognitive tests relating to visuospatial memory, naming objects and cognitive flexibility, or the brain's ability to adapt to new information.The brain functions measured by the tests typically decline as the body ages and more dramatically deteriorate in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. The results "suggest a strong predictive effect of high musical activity throughout the lifespan on preserved cognitive functioning in advanced age," the study stated.Half of the high-level musicians still played an instrument at the time of the study, but they didn't perform better on the cognitive tests than the other advanced musicians who had stopped playing years earlier. This suggests that the duration of musical study was more important than whether musicians continued playing at an advanced age, Hanna-Pladdy says."Based on previous research and our study results, we believe that both the years of musical participation and the age of acquisition are critical," Hanna-Pladdy says. "There are crucial periods in brain plasticity that enhance learning, which may make it easier to learn a musical instrument before a certain age and thus may have a larger impact on brain development."The preliminary study was correlational, meaning that the higher cognitive performance of the musicians couldn't be conclusively linked to their years of musical study. More research is needed to explore that possible link.

LOS ANGELES, May 25 (Xinhua) -- NASA project managers bade farewell to the Mars rover Spirit on Wednesday after sending a final set of commands to the stranded vehicle.This marks the completion of one of the most successful missions of interplanetary exploration ever launched, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) said."Last night, just after midnight, the last recovery command was sent to Spirit," said John Callas, the Mars Exploration Rover Project manager at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, Los Angeles."It would be an understatement to say this was a significant moment. Since the last communication from Spirit on March 22, 2010, as she entered her fourth Martian winter, nothing has been heard from her."NASA has tried in vain to regain communication with Spirit since it got stuck in sand about two years ago. The rover last communicated on March 22, 2010, as Martian winter approached and the rover's solar-energy supply declined.NASA checked frequently in recent months for possible reawakening of Spirit as solar energy available to the rover increased during Martian spring, but to no avail.A series of additional re-contact attempts ended on Wednesday, designed for various possible combinations of recoverable conditions, according to JPL."Our job was to wear these rovers out exploring, to leave no unutilized capability on the surface of Mars, and for Spirit, we have done that," said Callas.

BEIJING, Jan. 26 (Xinhua) -- China's top leaders Wednesday evening attended a gala held at the Great Hall of the People to celebrate the coming Chinese lunar new year, which falls on Feb. 3, with armymen and the common people.Chinese President Hu Jintao and other members of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Wu Bangguo, Wen Jiabao, Jia Qinglin, Li Changchun, Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang, He Guoqiang and Zhou Yongkang, watched the artistic performance and extended their festival greetings to the audience.Chinese top leaders Hu Jintao, Wu Bangguo, Wen Jiabao, Jia Qinglin, Li Changchun, Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang, He Guoqiang and Zhou Yongkang pose with performers for a group photo after an evening party welcoming the upcoming Chinese traditional Spring Festival in Beijing, capital of China, Jan. 26, 2011. Military and civilian artists presented various programs at the gala ranging from Peking Opera, chorus to acrobatic shows, which were welcomed and hailed by the audience.

BEIJING, May 24 (Xinhuanet) -- CT scan, a widely used heart-imaging test, is likely to result in the over treatment for patients with heart disease, according to a study published online by the Archives of Internal Medicine on Monday.CT, which produces a detailed image of the heart that reveals cholesterol buildups in the coronary arteries, is widely used in the hospital around the world."Testing might lead to more harm than good," said McEvoy, a doctor at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital in S. Korea.His team led the study, in which 2,000 healthy adults were divided into two groups. One thousand adults had CT scans and another half had standard tests, including routine checks of their blood pressure and cholesterol levels.After 18 months, the 215 people who had worrisome CT scans were advised to have additional tests and medical treatment, and some even advised to have surgery. But less than 10 percent in the group of standard test were reported to need medications.Therefore, physicians cannot easily ignore the diagnoses made by the new imaging techniques, McEvoy said, "We are left with the dilemma of what to do with the results,"According to McEvoy, doctors should focus on patients' lifestyle and traditional risk factors such as smoking and obesity.

BEIJING, Feb. 21 (Xinhua) -- China's top leading body Monday pledged to prevent wild swings in the economy, while warning that the economic situation in 2011 would be complicated.The country should maintain stable and consistent macro-economic policies while improving accuracy, flexibility and efficiency of the policies, the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee decided at a meeting presided over by President Hu Jintao, who is also General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee.Officials at the meeting were urged to "remain sober, be aware of difficulties, and work hard to fulfill the tasks this year so as to create a good beginning for the 12th Five-Year Program (2011-2015)."The top echelon of leadership reassured that China would continue an active fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy, while trying to balance steady economic growth with economic restructuring and control of inflationary expectations."It is necessary to maintain stable commodity prices, expand domestic consumption, increase investment in agriculture, speed up industrial restructuring, promote education and development of science and technology, and improve people's livelihoods and cultural services," the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee urged at the meeting.It also reiterated the importance of making great efforts to expand reforms in key sectors, advance the cause of opening-up, while intensifying endeavor to build a clean government and fight corruption.Members of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee also discussed the drafts of the government work report and the 12th Five-year Program, or the national development plan for 2011 to 2015.The two documents will be submitted to the top legislature for discussion and approval at its forthcoming annual session in March.The period from 2011 to 2015 will be critical for China which wants to build a well-off society, said a statement from the meeting.In the next five years, in a bid to meet Chinese people's expectations for a better life, China will stick to scientific development by focusing on accelerated transformation of its way of economic growth while deepening the reform and opening-up, guaranteeing and improving people's livelihoods, according to the statement."It is necessary to solidify and boost China's success in outperforming other countries in dealing with the international financial turmoil, and advance the economy to grow at a faster and steady pace for a long time while guaranteeing social harmony and stability," the statement said.Great efforts should also be made to develop social services, advance the cause of conserving energy and resources, protecting the environment in a down-to-earth manner, as well as keep intensifying the drive to enhance reform of the government, the statement said.

来源：资阳报