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GRAND RAPIDS, Mich. — As we get closer to a potential COVID-19 vaccine approval in the U.S., doctors are hoping the public actually gets the vaccine once it’s available.Recent polling from Pew Research shows about 60% of Americans say they would ‘definitely’ or ‘probably’ get a COVID-19 vaccine.Local infectious disease doctors tell WXMI that that number will be just enough to put a serious dent in infections, but the more immunity, the better.Dr. Andrew Jameson, the Division Chief for Infectious Disease at Mercy Health said, “I am optimistic for the first time in a while.”Dr. Jameson added that he’s seeing a bit of light at the end of a very long tunnel with a COVID vaccine approval potentially just days away.“I can tell you right now from what I’ve seen, from an efficacy standpoint, from a safety standpoint, I am going to be definitely getting the vaccine personally and I have zero issues of giving my family the vaccine when it’s available,” Dr. Jameson said.With two COVID-19 vaccines on deck for approval with the FDA, one from Pfizer and one from Moderna, Dr. Jameson is hoping that people feel confident in getting it once they’re able.“If we get about 60% of people immunized and then we also have the natural immunity out there giving us a little bit of extra help, I think that is going to be a huge impact,” Dr. Jameson said.Dr. Jameson said he also understands that people may be wary of such a new vaccine.“Unfortunately, we’ve had a fair amount of skepticism in the community about vaccines before all of this, and now in the setting of this being moved forward pretty quickly, I think there’s probably a little bit of a natural skepticism,” he said.He said the biggest reason he’s heard for not wanting the vaccine is that things are just moving too fast.“Before this, the fastest that we ever had a vaccine get from the beginning to the end to where people were getting it, was four years, and this one is going to be about 10 months,” Dr. Jameson said.Dr. Jameson called the trial and manufacturing process of both companies vaccines, ‘the most transparent’ he’s ever seen and trusts the FDA to leave no stone unturned before approval.“They get all the notes from the doctors, they get all the patient encounter visits from the sites that are doing the vaccine, so they actually get all of the raw data and re-interpret it and re-analyze it themselves for efficacy, so they don’t just believe what the drug manufacturers tell them,” he explained.He wants people to also understand potential vaccine side effects, to make sure they come back for their second dose. Both Moderna and Pfizer vaccines require two doses given several weeks apart to reach full effectiveness.“If I know that my arm is going to hurt, and I might have a headache, and I might feel run-down for a day or two, if I know that, it’s very different than if that’s a surprise to me,” he said.The FDA is scheduled to meet on Thursday to review the Pfizer vaccine and then again on Dec. 17 to look over Moderna’s vaccine.This story was first reported by Annie Szatkowski at WXMI in Grand Rapids, Michigan. 3109

Gregory Minott came to the U.S. from his native Jamaica more than two decades ago on a student visa and was able to carve out a career in architecture thanks to temporary work visas.Now a U.S. citizen and co-founder of a real estate development firm in Boston, the 43-year-old worries that new restrictions on student and work visas expected to be announced as early as this week will prevent others from following a similar path to the American dream.“Innovation thrives when there is cultural, economic and racial diversity,” Minott said. “To not have peers from other countries collaborating side by side with Americans is going to be a setback for the country. We learned from Americans, but Americans also learn from us.”Minott is among the business leaders and academic institutions large and small pleading with President Donald Trump to move cautiously as he eyes expanding the temporary visa restrictions he imposed in April.They argue that cutting off access to talented foreign workers will only further disrupt the economy and stifle innovation at a time when it’s needed most. But influential immigration hard-liners normally aligned with Trump have been calling for stronger action after his prior visa restrictions didn’t go far enough for them.Trump, who has used the coronavirus crisis to push through many of his stalled efforts to curb both legal and illegal immigration, imposed a 60-day pause on visas for foreigners seeking permanent residency on April 22. But the order included a long list of exemptions and didn’t address the hundreds of thousands of temporary work and student visas issued each year.Republican senators, including Tom Cotton of Arkansas and Ted Cruz of Texas, argue that all new guest worker visas should be suspended for at least 60 days or until unemployment has returned to normal levels.“Given the extreme lack of available jobs,” the senators wrote in a letter to Trump last month, “it defies common sense to admit additional foreign guest workers to compete for such limited employment.”Trump administration officials have been debating how long the forthcoming order should remain in place and which industries should be exempted, including those working in health care and food production.But the White House has made it clear it’s considering suspending H-1B visas for high-skilled workers; H-2B visas for seasonal workers and L-1 visas for employees transferring within a company to the U.S.In recent weeks, businesses and academic groups have also been voicing concern about possible changes to Optional Practical Training, a relatively obscure program that allows some 200,000 foreign students — mostly from China and India — to work in the country each year.Created in the 1940s, OPT authorizes international students to work for up to one year during college or after graduation. Over the last decade, the program has been extended for those studying science, technology, engineering and mathematics so that they can now work for up to three years.While congressional Republicans have been some of the strongest supporters of eliminating the program, 21 GOP House lawmakers argued in a letter to the Trump administration this month that OPT is necessary for the country to remain a destination for international students. They said foreign students and their families pump more than billion annually into the economy even though the students represent just 5.5.% of U.S. college enrollments.Companies and academic institutions also warn of a “reverse brain drain,” in which foreign students simply take their American education to benefit another nation’s economy.Some critics say OPT gives companies a financial incentive to hire foreigners over Americans because they don’t have to pay certain federal payroll taxes.The program also lacks oversight and has become a popular path for foreigners seeking to gain permanent legal status, said Jessica Vaughan, policy director at the Center for Immigration Studies, a Washington group advocating for strict immigration limits.“The government does not require that there be actual training, and no one checks on the employer or terms of employment,” she said. “Some of the participants are career ‘students,’ going back and forth between brief graduate degree programs and employment, just so they can stay here.”Xujiao Wang, a Chinese national who has been part of the program for the past year, said she doesn’t see any fault in trying to build her family’s future in the U.S.The 32-year-old, who earned her doctorate in geographic information science from Texas State University, is working as a data analyst for a software company in Milford, Massachusetts.She’s two months pregnant and living in Rhode Island with her husband, a Chinese national also working on OPT, and their 2-year-old American-born daughter. The couple hopes to eventually earn permanent residency, but any change to OPT could send them back to China and an uncertain future, Wang said.“China is developing fast, but it’s still not what our generation has come to expect in terms of freedom and choice,” she said. “So it makes us anxious. We’ve been step-by-step working towards our future in America.”In Massachusetts, dismantling OPT would jeopardize a fundamental part of the state’s economy, which has been among the hardest hit by the pandemic, said Andrew Tarsy, co-founder of the Massachusetts Business Immigration Coalition.The advocacy group sent a letter to Trump last week pleading for preservation of the program. It was signed by roughly 50 businesses and colleges, including TripAdvisor and the University of Massachusetts, as well as trade associations representing the state’s thriving life sciences industry centered around Harvard, MIT and other Boston-area institutions.“We attract the brightest people in the world to study here, and this helps transition them into our workforce,” Tarsy said. “It’s led to the founding of many, many companies and the creation of new products and services. It’s the bridge for international students.”Minott, the Boston architect, argues that the time and resources required to invest in legal foreign workers, including lawyers’ costs and visa processing fees, exceeds any tax savings firms might enjoy.DREAM Collaborative, his 22-person firm, employs three people originally hired on OPT permits who are now on H-1B visas — the same path that Minott took early in his career.“These programs enabled me to stay in this country, start a business and create a better future for my family,” said the father of two young American-born sons. “My kids are the next generation to benefit from that, and hopefully they’ll be great citizens of this country.”___Associated Press reporters Collin Binkley in Boston and Jill Colvin in Washington contributed to this story. 6805

Heavy rain is forecast to continue falling in Pennsylvania and New York, with flood warnings in place Tuesday through Wednesday in some areas.Rising water levels over the weekend and Monday prompted evacuations and emergency declarations in Pennsylvania where water rescues included that of 215 girls on a rafting trip.Images posted to social media showed torrents of brown water sweeping through streets and under bridges.The worst flooding has been west of Philadelphia to Reading and Allentown, CNN meteorologist Michael Guy said, with the heaviest rain set to move farther north into New England Tuesday. 616

GENEVA —The coronavirus pandemic “continues to accelerate," with a doubling of cases over the last six weeks, the World Health Organization chief says.WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus says nearly 16 million cases have now been reported to the U.N. health agency, with more than 640,000 deaths worldwide.Tedros will convene on Thursday WHO’s emergency committee, a procedural requirement six months after the agency’s declaration of a public health emergency of international concern, made on Jan. 30 for the coronavirus outbreak. The panel will advise him on the pandemic.“COVID-19 has changed our world,” he told reporters from WHO’s Geneva headquarters on Monday. “It has brought people, communities and nations together — and driven them apart.”He cited some factors that have proven effective in some countries, including political leadership, education, increased testing and hygiene and physical distancing measures. 945

Get ready to pay a little more for Pampers, Charmin, Bounty, and Puffs.Procter & Gamble said on Tuesday that it was in the process of raising Pampers' prices in North America by 4 percent. P&G also began notifying retailers this week that it would increase the average prices of Bounty, Charmin, and Puffs by 5 percent.P&G is raising prices because commodity and transportation cost pressures are intensifying. The hikes to Bounty and Charmin will go into effect in late October, and Puffs will become more expensive beginning early next year.These products are significant sales drivers and market share leaders for P&G.Food companies, such as Coke, Boston Beer, Hershey, and Tyson Foods, have announced price increases in recent weeks, but P&G's move will serve as a test for how willing Americans are to pay up for big household brands. The strategy could leave the company vulnerable to low-cost competitors or pushback from retail partners. Walmart was P&G's biggest buyer in 2017, accounting for 16% of its billion in sales."There is uncertainty and will be volatility with these pricing moves. They will negatively impact consumption. We'll have to adjust as we go and as we learn," Chief Financial Officer Jon Moeller told analysts on Tuesday.Pampers is P&G's largest brand, with annual sales of above billion. Last year, Bounty had more than a 40% global share of the paper towel market, and Charmin had more than a 25% share of toilet paper sales.The company expects the price increases to weigh on sales at first, but turn around shortly after.Shipping costs have spiked as demand for goods accelerates and the United States faces a shortage of truck drivers. "The transportation market, particularly in the [United States], has presented us with some challenges," he added.P&G said the two factors were outsized components in the baby, fabric, and home care cost structure.Pulp, which is made from trees, is the primary ingredient in Bounty, Puffs and Charmin, and a major material in Pampers.Since 2016, market prices for hardwood pulp have risen 60% and 20% for softwood. P&G sources both types from the United States and Canada and uses them to make tissue papers and diapers.Growing global demand, particularly in China, and tight supply have pushed up prices, said Arnaud Franco, a senior analyst at the Pulp and Paper Products Council.The Trump administration has placed 10% on tariffs on Canadian paper and Canada responded by enacting 10 perecent levies on several paper products, including toilet paper. But Franco said tariffs were not currently impacting prices.If China, however, decided to put tariffs on market pulp, US producers could get hurt, Franco said.P&G's biggest competitor is feeling the pinch too. Kimberly-Clark, the maker of Kleenex, Scott, and Huggies, said commodity costs last quarter were a "a drag of 0 million...primarily due to higher pulp costs and, secondarily, inflation in other raw materials."Canadian company Kruger Products announced last week that it was raising tissue prices in that country beginning in October to "offset unprecedented and sustained cost increases on input materials and freight." Kruger said pulp costs were up 23 percent since last year.P&G is also raising prices as it looks for ways to recoup lower prices in other major categories.The company's operating profit margin last quarter shrank more than 2 percentage points from last year in part because it dropped price tags on brands including Gillette razors, Crest toothpaste, and Luvs diapers. 3585

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