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WASHINGTON - The Bush administration is imposing further trade sanctions against China, South Korea and Indonesia in a dispute involving glossy paper. The decision, announced Wednesday by Commerce Secretary Carlos Gutierrez, came a week after US and Chinese officials met for a second round of high-level talks aimed at lowering trade tensions between the two nations. "This administration continues to aggressively and transparently enforce our trade laws to ensure a level playing field for American manufacturers, workers and farmer," Gutierrez said in a statement announcing the decision. In the new ruling, the government determined that imports from the three countries of glossy paper - used in art books, textbooks and high-end magazines - were being sold in the United States at less than fair value, a process known as dumping. The dumping penalties will be collected immediately although they will not become final until this fall after further investigations are conducted. The preliminary dumping penalty for the paper products from China ranged from 23.19 percent to 99.65 percent. The dumping penalty imposed on imports of glossy paper from Indonesia was 10.85 percent while the penalty on South Korean imports ranged as high as 30.86 percent. These dumping penalties will be imposed on top of economic sanctions levied in March after the administration found that paper companies from those three countries were receiving improper government subsidies that allowed them to undercut the price of American producers. The March decision reversed 23 years of US trade policy by treating China, which is classified as a nonmarket economy, in the same way other US trading partners are treated in disputes involving government subsidies. The paper case was brought by NewPage Corp., a Dayton, Ohio-based paper company which contended that its coated paper was facing unfair competition because of the government subsidies and sale of imports at unfairly low prices. The government trade sanctions have received the support of the United Steel Workers union, which represents about 90 percent of the workforce in the US coated paper industry. The glossy paper is produced at 22 paper mills in 13 states. The penalties in the case involving government subsidies are known as countervailing duties. In that case, the trade sanctions ranged as high as 20.35 percent for Chinese glossy paper imports, 1.76 percent for South Korean imports and 21.24 percent for Indonesia. Chinese officials denounced the decision in the government subsidies case saying that it went against the consensus of both countries to resolve disputes through dialogue rather than imposing trade sanctions. The second round of the Strategic Economic Dialogue, which was launched by Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson in December, was held in Washington last week. Paulson and Chinese Vice Premier Wu Yi announced a series of modest agreements including the boosting of airline flights between the two nations. But they failed to make progress in one of the biggest rade irritants, the value of China's currency, which American manufacturers contended is being kept artificially low against the dollar to give Chinese companies unfair advantages against US firms.

A senior central bank official has rejected calls for a quicker increase in the flexibility of the renminbi exchange rate, saying the currency's role in rectifying global economic imbalances should not be exaggerated. Hu Xiaolian, deputy governor of the People's Bank of China, said more attention should instead be paid to growing protectionism to safeguard the health of the world economy, according to a central bank statement and Xinhua. She was speaking in Washington on Saturday at a conference during the semi-annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. The meetings are a venue for key financial officials of the two institutions' member countries to discuss global economic issues. Officials and economists at the IMF, which has a mandate to safeguard the global economy and render advice to member countries, said that Beijing should pursue a more flexible exchange rate, for the sake of both the Chinese economy and a more balanced global economy. However, China did not seem to see the advice as being appropriate. "The fund... should respect its member countries' core interests and actual economic fundamentals," Hu was quoted as saying. "Biased advice would damage the fund's role in safeguarding global economic and financial stability." In July 2005, China abandoned the renminbi's decade-old peg to the US dollar and let the currency appreciate by 2.1 per cent. Since then, it has gained almost another 5 percent against the dollar. However, there has been a persistent international chorus, led by the United States, arguing that China has not been moving quick enough in letting its currency rise. US lawmakers have said that the country's trade deficit was partly caused by what they believed an undervalued Chinese currency. Chinese officials say the yuan's flexibility would gradually increase but argue that radical steps would generate shocks in the Chinese economy which could spread to the rest of the world. "The IMF... should attach significance to stability of domestic economies (of member countries) when observing their contribution to outside stability," Hu said. She said the IMF should strengthen surveillance over the soundness of economic policies of countries whose currencies are used as major instruments in other countries' foreign exchange reserves. She was clearly referring to the US, whose low savings rate, and fiscal and trade deficits are agreed to be a key cause for global economic imbalances. Hu also called attention to what is seen as a rising protectionist sentiment, which has been causing troubles for China's exporters. "We call on all countries to harness the opportunities created by globalization... and resolutely oppose protectionism," she said.

China Railway Construction Corp. (CRCC), the country's leading rail builder, may raise as much as 22.25 billion yuan (3.1 billion U.S. dollars) in its initial public offering (IPO) in Shanghai.     In a statement to the Shanghai Stock Exchange late Sunday, the state-owned company said it has cut the number of A shares it is offering to 2.45 billion from 2.8 billion after reconsidering its capital demand.     The 2.45 billion shares represent 23.44 percent of CRCC's outstanding capital. The firm had built nearly 34,000 kilometers of rails by the end of 2006, more than half of all the rail links built nationwide since 1949.     On Feb. 14, CRCC was given green light by the China Securities Regulatory Commission to issue no more than 2.8 billion A shares on the Shanghai Stock Exchange.     The IPO price range was set between 8 to 9.08 yuan and it translated into 26.92 to 30.56 earnings multiples after the domestic share sale, according to the statement.     The company would start to receive from institutional investors orders for its 612.5 million shares, or 25 percent of the offering, on Feb. 25 and 26. The retail investors would be able to subscribe for the remaining shares on Feb. 26, the statement noted.     CRCC also planned to sell no more than 1.71 billion H shares in Hong Kong.     The company established its name by building the Qinghai-Tibet railroad, Shanghai maglev rail line and the Beijing-Kowloon railway. It also took the largest share in the bidding for the construction of the express railway linking Beijing and Shanghai.     Its total assets amounted to 155 billion yuan (21.7 billion U.S. dollars) by the end of November 2007, with net profit reaching 2.8 billion yuan (391.8 million U.S. dollars).

BEIJING - The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS), the country's top think tank, published its eighth annual report on Monday and introduced a new international strategy.The report - "China's Modernization 2008" - proposed a brand new concept, the so-called "Peace Dove Strategy".The strategy, with the principle of "Follow the UN Charter and Promote World Peace", calls for the building of a favorable international environment for China's modernization.The "Peace Dove Strategy" makes the United Nations the head of the Dove.Asian nations are the foreside; the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation is the eastern wing, and the proposed "Asia-Europe Economic Cooperation", which is upgraded from the existing Asia-Europe Meeting, is the western wing.South America, Oceania and Africa bring up the rear.The strategy, which centers on Asia and faces the world, calls for cooperation of all member nations on an equal, mutually beneficial basis.Under the strategy, China will optimize the structure of its international modernization strategy, increase its national capacity in international modernization, and improve the international environment for the country, according to He Chuanqi, head of the CASS Center on the Study of China's Modernization.The strategy was created drawing upon international experience of the past 300 years and the history and realities of China's international modernization, the official said.The report has been published and distributed as a single volume by the Beijing University Publishing House.

Beijing is planting trees and plants along riverbanks instead of covering them with concrete to fix its river system. It has taken almost 10 years for the capital to accept and use this idea. The ecosystems in the streams are gradually coming back to life because of the cleaner water, providing a good habitat for animals and plants, and ideal leisure sites for local residents.  Zhuanhe which connects with Kun Ming Lake in the Summer Palace is one of successful example of the river ecological treatment in Beijing. "In Beijing, there are 52 rivers with a total length of 520 kilometers inside the sixth ring road. Yongding and Jingmi rivers are the city's two main water sources, and Qinghe, Bahe, Tonghui and Liangshui are key drainage waterways," said Yu Kongjian, dean of the Sight Engineer Institute with Peking University. Originally, Beijing only wanted to control the floods by letting water flow out as soon as possible. Therefore, riverbanks were cemented down in order to prevent water leakage and the growth of plants, which could slow the water speed down. However, the shortage of rainfall in Beijing since 1999 showed that this method was not correct. On the one hand, streams had less fresh water to clean themselves. On the other, more polluted water was dumped into the rivers as more people moved into the capital. And in the summer of 2001, something bad happened. "The rivers in Beijing turned blue overnight and gave off a smelly odor," said Liu Peibin, vice engineer of Beijing Water Authority. There was an algae bloom due to so much pollution in the water. Algae covered the water surface and consumed most of the oxygen, and many creatures in the water died as a result. These "concrete pools" became the haven for swarms of mosquitoes which forced tens of thousands of residents nearby to close their windows and doors tightly especially in summer days. The water authorities had to act quickly for public safety. The first step was to demolish the concrete covering the riverbanks. The soil was exposed to water again, and the water could circulate down to the riverbank. Secondly, in order to stimulate oxygen in the streams, engineers put big stones in the water to create mini waterfalls. And they grew trees like willows and plants such as bulrush along the riverbanks. "Bulrush can purify polluted water through absorbing nitrogen and phosphorus in the water and exhaling oxygen," Deng added. "Gradually Zhuanhe came back to life and got rid of the polluted and smelly water. This would be impossible today if the brook was still covered in concrete." "What we did with Zhuanhe is a milestone in the progress of river treatment with new ecological ideas," said Deng Zhuozhi, vice engineer of Beijing Water Project Institute. He took charge of the Zhuanhe project. "How to fix up rivers depends on our attitude towards floods. We should learn to make friends with floods in a country where two-thirds of China's cities are short of water. Therefore we should reserve water as much as possible instead of discharging it ineffectively," said Yu.

来源：资阳报