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LOS ANGELES, June 3 (Xinhua) -- Eating earth may protect the stomach against toxins, parasites and pathogens, a new study suggests.To examine the possible benefits from eating earth, researchers at Cornell University analyzed reports from missionaries, plantation doctors, explorers, and anthropologists to put together a database of more than 480 cultural accounts of geophagy -- the eating of earth.The database includes as many details as possible about the circumstances under which earth was consumed, and by whom. The researchers could then use patterns in the data to evaluate each potential explanation.Studies in the database indicate that geophagy is common even when food is plentiful. Moreover, when people eat dirt they tend to eat only small quantities that are unlikely to fill an empty stomach.The database shows that geophagy is documented most commonly in women in the early stages of pregnancy and in pre-adolescent children. Both categories of people are especially sensitive to parasites and pathogens, according to the researchers.In addition, geophagy is most common in tropical climates where foodborne microbes are abundant. Finally, the database shows that people often eat earth during episodes of gastrointestinal stress.It's unlikely the intestinal problems are caused by the dirt itself because the type of clay people usually eat comes from deep in the ground, where pathogens and parasites are unlikely to contaminate it. Plus, people usually boil the clay before eating it.More study would be helpful to confirm the protection hypothesis, the researchers say, but the available data at this point clearly support it over the other explanations for eating earth."We hope this paper stimulates (more) research," said Sera Young, a researcher at Cornell University and the study's lead author. "More importantly, we hope readers agree that it is time to stop regarding geophagy as a bizarre, non-adaptive gustatory mistake.""With these data, it is clear that geophagy is a widespread behavior in humans ...that occurs during both vulnerable life stages and when facing ecological conditions that require protection."The study is appearing in the June issue of The Quarterly Review of Biology.

KUBUQI (Inner Mongolia), July 10 (Xinhuanet) -- Amos Nadai, ambassador of Israel to China, spoke highly of the desertification control efforts in the Kubuqi desert of China during an exclusive interview with Xinhuanet here Saturday. "It's a huge area, which is more than half of my country," Nadai said, "I see a lot of planting and it's very beautiful." Nadai was here for the 2011 Kubuqi International Desert Forum held in the Kubuqi Desert, Inner Mongolia of China. As a small country with half of its land being desert, Israel has to work very hard in desertification control and has accumulated a great deal of experience. However, Nadai praised China's efforts in learning new technologies applied in the Kubuqi desert. He said that China takes this very seriously and has developed really rapidly. "They are doing the right thing; they bring here every two years the best experts from all over the world, and they listened carefully," he said. Nadai said that he saw the way people here fight against desertification, develop tourism, boost the use of clean energy, and he was very impressed. That's why Israel is happy to cooperate with China in this field, Nadai said. He also introduced a long-term project that Israel has been working together with China in Xinjiang, which Israel introduces methods to the local farmers that can grow the same amount of crop by using 50 percent less of water. "The local people have learned everything that we can offer them and they can do it alone now," Nadai said. The ambassador, who was awarded the Honorary Citizenship of Chengdu City, the capital of Sichuan Province, Wednesday, said: "I am very very excited for that honor."

HAVANA, Aug. 15 (Xinhua) -- Cuba's Ministry of Public Health launched an intensive sanitation campaign Monday against the Aedes Aegypti mosquito, which can spread dengue fever.The operation, which is running through Sept. 15, will cover the most vulnerable cities in the country, including the capital Havana and the eastern city Guantanamo.Deputy Health Minister Luis Estruch stressed the importance of the prevention campaign and urged all families to check their houses for mosquitoes each week.Maria Guadalupe Guzman, director of the Pan-American and World Health Organization Cooperation Center for the Study of Dengue and Its Vector at the Pedro Kouri Institute of Tropical Medicine, said the epidemiological situation in the country is stable. However, she warned that an epidemic outbreak is still possible in the island state, given the high temperatures and heavy rains in the eastern areas, and drought in the west.Cuba, along with Chile and Uruguay, are the only Latin American countries where dengue is not endemic.In 1981, the country suffered its worst dengue outbreak in history, which left 158 dead.

BEIJING, July 11 (Xinhuanet) -- U.S. federal government officially announced that it denied the medical use of marijuana."Department of Health and Human Services concluded that marijuana has a high potential for abuse, has no accepted medical use in the United States, and lacks an acceptable level of safety for use even under medical supervision," U.S. Department of Justice declared Friday.The announcement will keep marijuana in the classification of dangerous, addictive drug as heroin.The decision comes almost nine years after medical marijuana advocates asked the government to reclassify marijuana, as its therapeutic effectiveness in treating some diseases and relieving pain of patients.Joe Elford, the chief counsel for Americans for Safe Access (ASA), said he was not surprised by the government's disapproval."It is clearly motivated by a political decision that is anti-marijuana," He noted.This is the third petition to reclassify marijuana has failed to be approved. The former two were filed in 1972 and in 1995, respectively.

SYDNEY, Aug. 25 (Xinhua) -- Scientists in Australia have discovered a way of stopping mosquitoes carrying dengue virus, raising hopes for preventing the 50 million human cases of the disease every year, local media reported on Thursday.Groundbreaking experiments in Queensland have found a common insect bacteria, wMel Wolbachia, which can dramatically reduce the presence of dengue fever in mosquitoes.The research, led by Professor Scott O'Neill, Dean at Melbourne's Monash University, was published on Thursday in the prestigious journal, Nature.Australian researchers working on the Eliminate Dengue program aim to protect the mosquitoes themselves from dengue and so stop them transmitting the virus to humans."What the experiments have shown is that this strain of Wolbachia when it is put into mosquitoes really reduces the ability of the (dengue) virus to grow in the mosquito and if it can't grow, then it can't get transmitted in people," O'Neill told reporters.O'Neill said while it was too early to say if the experiments heralded the end of dengue fever, it was a major step towards that goal.In the past decade, there have been 2400 cases of dengue fever reported during 36 outbreaks in Australia.Dengue fever has become endemic in tropical regions, where it is spread by a specific type of mosquito that becomes infected after biting humans with the disease.Despite millions of people being infected with dengue each year, there is currently no way of stopping its rapid spread either by vaccines or controlling mosquito populations.Further trials will be conducted in Cairns in north Queensland over the coming wet season and approval is currently being sought for trials in Thailand, Vietnam, Brazil and Indonesia that will directly determine the effectiveness of the method in reducing dengue disease in human populations, according to Monash University.