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BEIJING, Oct. 29 (Xinhua) -- Equality has become a catchphrase when Chinese lawmakers mull over two major moves in the history of China's legislative progress.     Chinese rural and urban people are about to get equal representation in lawmaking bodies. It means farmers will have the same say in the country's decision-making process as urbanites.     At the five-day legislative session beginning Tuesday, members of national legislature discussed to give rural and urban people equal representation in people's congresses.     A draft amendment to the Electoral Law was tabled at the bimonthly meeting of the National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee. It requires that both rural and urban areas adopt the same ratio of deputies to the people's congresses.     The electoral system is the foot stone of democracy, and the principle of equality is a prerequisite to guarantee people's democratic rights.     The Electoral Law was enacted in 1953 and completely revised in1979. It then underwent four minor amendments.     Senior people are still nostalgic about the bean-counting way of electing their representatives in villages, which was the country's primitive mode of democracy after New China was founded in 1949.     Candidates who stood for election as deputies to a people's congress were elected if they received more than half of the beans.     Later voters began to use ballots.     After the last amendment in 1995, the law stipulates that each rural deputy represents a population four times that in urban areas.     That means in China, every 960,000 rural residents and every 240,000 urbanites are represented by one rural and urban NPC deputy respectively.     Critics say this can be interpreted as "farmers only enjoy a quarter of the suffrage of their urban counterparts."     During previous amendments in the 1980s, the difference was even as great as eight times.     But Li Shishi, director of the Commission for Legislative Affairs of the NPC Standing Committee, said such a provision is "in accordance with the country's political system and social conditions of that time" and is "completely necessary" as the rural population is much more than that of cities and an equal ratio of rural and urban representation will mean an excessive number of rural deputies.     Rural population made up almost 90 percent of the country's total in 1949. With the process of urbanization, the ratio of urban and rural residents was about 45.7 to 54.3 last year.     Li said that with rapid urbanization and rural economic development, the time is right for equal representation, which is conducive to "mobilizing people's enthusiasm and creativity" and the development of democracy.     Zhou Hanhua, a research fellow with the Law Institute under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said the draft amendment is inline with social change, and "from the legal perspective it shows that all rights are equal under the law."     Obviously, the change will be a significant political progress and it is in line with the constitutional spirit that "everyone in the nation is equal."     It also reflects the transition of the country's urban and rural society.     According to the law, the number of deputies to the NPC is limited within 3,000, and the distribution of NPC deputies is decided by the NPC Standing Committee, the top legislature.     The draft amendment says the quotas of NPC deputies are distributed to 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions on the basis of their population, which ensures equal representation among regions and ethnic groups.     Another big issue that lawmakers deliberate at the session this week is to grant "equal compensation" to the victims of traffic, mining and industrial accidents as well as medical negligence, among others, regardless of the victims' identity, status, income and regional disparity.     The proposal is specified in the draft on tort liability, which is deliberated by members of the NPC Standing Committee for the third time.     Farmer victims normally get much less compensation than their urban counterparts. And there are often disputes from "different prices paid to different lives."     At the session, lawmakers consider to set the same compensation for all victims of an accident that results in many deaths.     It will be a significant step if the draft law on tort liability is adopted by the legislature, as it ensures equal rights for each Chinese and shows respect for every human life.

MACAO, Dec. 19 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao said here Saturday that "one country, two systems" had been successfully implemented in both Hong Kong and Macao since their return to the motherland.     "The two special administrative regions have accumulated rich experience in the regard, and can learn from each other and make progress together," said the president when meeting with Donald Tsang, chief executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) and principal officials of the Hong Kong SAR government.     Hu and Tsang arrived here Saturday to attend the celebrations marking the 10th anniversary of Macao's return to the motherland and the inauguration of the third-term government of the Macao SAR. Chinese President Hu Jintao(R) shakes hands with Donald Tsang Yam-kuen, chief executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) in Macao SAR in south China on Dec. 19, 2009    The 10th anniversary of Macao's return to the motherland is a festive event not only for the Macao people, but also for the people in Hong Kong and people of all ethnic groups of the nation, said Hu.     The president spoke highly of the active efforts by the Hong Kong SAR government and people of all circles, under the leadership of Tsang, in maintaining Hong Kong's prosperity and stability amid the global financial crisis.     The president expressed his confidence that through concerted efforts of the Hong Kong SAR government and people of all circles, the Hong Kong economy can be recovered at the earliest time, people's livelihood constantly improved, and the issue of constitutional development properly handled.     He was also confident that the Hong Kong SAR government and people of various sectors will also continue to work hard together to create a good social environment of harmony and stability.     Tsang thanked the president for the encouragement and support given to him and Hong Kong, pledging that the HKSAR government will do its utmost to sustain Hong Kong's prosperity and stability.     Present at the meeting were Liu Yandong, Ling Jihua, Wang Huning, Li Jianguo, Liao Hui and Chen Bingde.     Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region Edmund Ho Hau Wah was also present at the meeting.

CHENGDU, Jan. 6 (Xinhua) -- A senior Chinese official here Wednesday stressed the importance of solving minor disputes through mediation rather than letting them get worse.     Zhou Yongkang, a Standing Committee member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, made the remarks during a visit to southwest China's Sichuan Province. Zhou Yongkang (L), a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC), talks with a local woman during his visit to Yangping Village of Chengdu, capital of southwest China's Sichuan Province, Jan. 5, 2010Zhou praised the province's mediation system that was being implemented at province, city, county and village levels.     He urged local governments to set up mediation services wherever they were needed.     During a visit to the people's court in the Dujiangyan City, Zhou stressed that civil servants and legal professionals should work in a just manner and be morally upright. Zhou Yongkang (front R), a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC), visits a local resident's home in Chengdu, capital of southwest China's Sichuan Province, Jan. 5, 2010. Zhou Yongkang made an inspection tour in Sichuan Province on Jan. 2-6He called upon political and legal departments at all levels to constantly improve their credentials, ensuring equity and justice.     In addition, Zhou urged local governments to serve and manage migrant groups well and solve any outstanding security issues.

BEIJING, Nov. 17 (Xinhua) -- The United States and China, the world's first and third largest economies, have pledged to rebalance each other's economy and move in tandem on forward-looking monetary polices for a strong and durable global economic recovery, according to a China-U.S. joint statement released here on Tuesday.     The statement, issued after talks between Chinese President Hu Jintao and his U.S. counterpart Barack Obama, has climaxed the latter's first China trip since he took office in January.     "China will continue to implement the policies to adjust economic structure, raise household incomes, expand domestic demand to increase contribution of consumption to GDP growth and reform its social security system," said the statement.     The United States, in return, will take measures to increase national saving as a share of GDP and promote sustainable non-inflationary growth.     "To achieve this, the United States is committed to returning the federal budget deficit to a sustainable path and pursuing measures to encourage private saving," it said.     President Obama made it clear at an earlier press conference Tuesday afternoon that the rebalancing strategy would require America to save more, reduce consumption and reduce long-term debts.     The statement also said that both sides will pursue forward-looking monetary policies and have "due" regard for the ramifications of those policies for the international economy.     The two also agreed to expedite negotiation on a bilateral investment treaty, and work proactively to resolve bilateral trade and investment disputes in a constructive, cooperative and mutually beneficial manner.     Recognizing the importance of open trade and investment to their domestic and the global economies, the two are committed to jointly fight protectionism in all its manifestations.     "We both agreed to properly handle trade frictions between the two countries through negotiations on an equal basis, and to make concerted efforts to boost bilateral trade and economic ties in a healthy and steady way," said President Hu.     "I stressed to President Obama that under the current situation, both China and the United States should oppose and reject protectionism in all forms in an even stronger stand," he said.     The two sides also reiterated that they would continue to strengthen dialogue and cooperation on macro-economic policies and pledged to honor all commitments made at the first round of the Sino-U.S. Strategic and Economic Dialogue last July, the Group of 20 summits, and the recently concluded APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting in Singapore.     The statement said that both sides commended the important role of the three G20 summits in tackling the global financial crisis, and were committed to work with other members of the G20 to enhance the G20's effectiveness as the premier forum for international economic cooperation.     China and the United States also agreed to work through a cooperative process on mutual assessment to make the G20 Framework for Strong, Sustainable and Balanced Growth a success.     The statement said that both sides welcomed recent agreements by the G20 to ensure that the International Financial Institutions (IFIs) have sufficient resources and to reform their governance structures.     "The two sides stressed the need to follow through on the quantified targets for the reform of quota and voting shares of IFIs as soon as possible, increasing the voice and representation of emerging markets and developing countries in these institutions consistent with the Pittsburgh Summit Leaders Statement," it said.

BEIJING, Dec. 14 (Xinhua) -- China's State Council, the cabinet, said on Monday that the government was discussing measures and policies for the healthy development of the country's real estate sector as house prices in some cities are rising too fast.     Housing prices returned to growth on month-on-month basis since March this year on record lending and the government's favorable policies to stimulate property consumption, including tax breaks and interest rates cuts.     But as the market recovers, housing prices in some cities are soaring too fast, which deserves "great attention", according to an executive meeting of the State Council, chaired by Premier Wen Jiabao.     In order to maintain the "stable" and "healthy" development of the real estate market, China will increase supply of smaller houses at medium-and-low price levels, continue to support residential consumption for improved housing while curbing speculation.     The country will also expand construction of housing projects for low-income families, aiming to help 15.4 million more poor households solve their housing problems by 2012, attendees agreed at the meeting.     Meanwhile, more efforts will be made during the next three to five years to improve living conditions for residents living in shabby houses in some cities, they agreed.     About 10 million households are still living in "shanty towns" in some cities across the country, the meeting revealed.     The central government will offer financial support to renovate those "shanty towns" during the next three to five years, they agreed, but did not say how much funding would be put in place.     Local governments should increase concrete spending in rebuilding these poorly-constructed houses. Social investment is welcomed at these projects, according to the meeting.

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