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Hot weather can increase the risk of natural disasters like droughts and wildfires, now, there is evidence extreme heat can increase harmful chemicals in the air.A study published recently in Science Advances looked at asphalt under different temperature conditions.“A main finding is that asphalt-related products emit substantial and diverse mixtures of organic compounds into the air, with a strong dependence on temperature and other environmental conditions,” says Peeyush Khare, a Yale chemical and environmental engineer and the lead author of the study, in a statement.The researchers took real-world samples of fresh road asphalt and put them in a controlled furnace with purified air. They heated the samples to temperatures between 104 and 392 degrees Fahrenheit, and measured the chemical components in the air.Total emissions nearly doubled when temperatures went from 104 to 140 degrees. At 104 degrees, 94 percent of the emissions measured were hydrocarbons.The group also exposed the asphalt samples to replicated solar heat, including UVA and UVB wavelengths, and found the rate of emission of potentially harmful chemicals increased. Showing that not only heat, but also solar radiation contributed to asphalt producing air pollution.Paved surfaces and roofs make up approximately 45% and 20% of surfaces in U.S. cities, respectively.Asphalt can be quite a bit hotter than the air around it, getting about 40 to 60 degrees warmer than the recorded air temperature.The researchers concluded that while policies and regulations have been put in place about car emissions and other forms of air pollution, asphalt should not be overlooked as a contributor.“It's another important non-combustion source of emissions that contributes to SOA (secondary organic aerosol) production, among a class of sources that scientists in the field are actively working to constrain better,” Drew Gentner, associate professor of chemical & environmental engineering, said. 1983

HAMPTON ROADS, Va. - As coronavirus continues to rage across the country, scientists are inching closer to developing a COVID-19 vaccine.Dr. Doug Mitchell used to be a pediatric infectious diseases specialist at CHKD and EVMS. He is currently the medical director of CHKD Medical Group and a pediatrician at Norfolk Pediatrics.“If we’re able to stick to the science in developing the vaccine, then that would be comforting if we could stick to the science and develop an effective and safe vaccine,” said Mitchell.Mitchell said the speed at which researchers are developing a vaccine to combat COVID-19 is nothing short of a miracle, but sticking to the clinical science behind the advancement is key for an effective and safe vaccine - and that takes time.“The stated goal that I saw by the CDC and/or FDA of wanting a vaccine that shows at least 50% protection and six months of safety data, that takes time,” he said. “We need a chance to show the safety profile of any new vaccine under the parameters of following the best science that we could follow.”Mitchell understands the process involved in developing a vaccine.More than 20 years ago, he was an investigator in several pediatric clinical trials. Many of the vaccines that came out of his lab are still used in children today.While there are still growing concerns about vaccines, the benefits outweigh the risks.“The flu vaccine clearly saves lives, clearly prevents illnesses, but it’s not 100% protective either, but we know it does have benefits,” Mitchell said. “The advantage there is the flu vaccine has been out for decades and we know its safety profile.”Similar to the rapid speed of developing a COVID-19 vaccine, Mitchell said a vaccine for H1N1, better known as the swine flu, was quickly put on the market.“The difference is, we already had decades of history of flu vaccines and their safety, so all that happened was developing the same flu vaccine that was protective against a different strain,” he said. “That’s a different ballgame than starting a vaccine against a totally different virus.”While the research continues, the fight against COVID-19 is far from over.According to Mitchell, the spread of the virus decreases when you reach heard immunity where enough of the population is immune.This story was first reported by Antoinette DelBel at WTKR in Norfolk, Virginia. 2363

Google desperately wanted to copy Facebook's success on social media. Instead it may be left with a version of one of Facebook's biggest failures.In 2011, as Facebook was rapidly approaching the one-billion-active-user milestone, Google made a last-ditch effort to beat back its online rival with the launch of a rival social network called Google+. The service unmistakably resembled Facebook, though with some novel additions, including more customized sharing options and group video chats.Seven years later, Google+ — the also-ran social network that Google was never willing to let die — is finally being moved to the company's trash folder, joining previously abandoned social products like Google Reader, Wave, Buzz and Orkut.But it appears Google Plus may have lasted just long enough to land Google in hot water.Google said Monday that it is shutting down Google Plus for consumer use after discovering a security bug that exposed the personal information of as many as 500,000 accounts on the social network. Worse still: Google waited more than six months to publicly disclose the security issue.The Wall Street Journal, which was first to report the bug, said Google's legal and policy team warned senior executives at the company that disclosing the security flaw could lead to "immediate regulatory interest." Google discovered the security bug in March, the same month that Facebook's Cambridge Analytica data scandal came to light, prompting a global privacy backlash.Google, for its part, says it found "no evidence" that any data was actually misused. To decide whether to notify the public, Google says its Privacy & Data Protection Office reviewed "the type of data involved, whether we could accurately identify the users to inform, whether there was any evidence of misuse, and whether there were any actions a developer or user could take in response. None of these thresholds were met in this instance."The security issue, and the company's delayed disclosure of it, risks exposing Google to the same regulatory scrutiny that has plagued Facebook — and all because of a product that was intended to help Google better compete with Facebook.The Irish Data Protection Commission said it wants to get more information from Google. Officials in Germany are also looking into the situation. Vera Jourova, Europe's top justice official, called the Google news "another reminder" of why the European Union "was right to go ahead with modern data protection rules," namely the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)."It seems that some of the big tech players are not eager to play fair without 'regulatory interest,'" Jourova wrote on Twitter.It wouldn't be the first time that chasing Facebook led Google into a regulatory rabbit hole. Shortly before Google+ launched, the company reached a settlement with the Federal Trade Commission over charges that it violated its own privacy promises when launching Google Buzz, another social network.The FTC alleged at the time that some of Google's Gmail users were enrolled in certain Buzz features even if they had opted not to be. The commission also charged that users "were not adequately informed that the identity of individuals they emailed most frequently would be made public by default."Ashkan Soltani, a former FTC technologist who worked at the agency when it pursued investigations into Google and Facebook in 2011, told CNN Business the Google+ security issue could once again cause the FTC to investigate Google. But he said it will "depend on political pressure," because there are "much larger breaches to contend with."While Google's security bug is said to have impacted upward of half a million accounts, Cambridge Analytica — a data firm with ties to President Donald Trump's campaign — accessed information from as many as 87 million Facebook users without their knowledge. And last month, Facebook disclosed that attackers exposed information on nearly 50 million users."Google's breach is far smaller than Facebook's in terms of the number of accounts affected," said Mike Chapple, who teaches business analytics and cybersecurity courses at the University of Notre Dame's Mendoza College of Business.Call it an odd twist of fate that the saving grace for Google right now may be that one of its products failed to take off with users. Google even appeared to play up this point in its blog post announcing the shutdown this week. Google Plus "has not achieved broad consumer or developer adoption," the company said. "90 percent of Google+ user sessions are less than five seconds." 4699

Health officials nationwide – and in the Kansas City metro – are warning about heart condition in recovering COVID-19 patients that could have more of an effect on athletes.Myocarditis, which inflames the heart muscle, is being called the "breaking news" of coronavirus."[Myocarditis] can lead to a thinning and distension of the heart and a lack of function in the heart," said Dr. Steve Stites, chief medical officer at the University of Kansas Health System, "And even to heart failure and the need for a heart transplant and bad heart rhythms that can lead to death."The condition could be exacerbated by the type of exercise athletes are used to."In college athletics, we don't know the outcome of myocarditis," Stites said. "We don't know that a high impact sport could worsen the damage to the heart. We don't know what high-intensity exercise might be doing to a heart that's already slightly inflamed. All of those are leading to questions about the safety of returning to high-performance sports."The hospital and health professionals around the U.S. are screening athletes to better understand how myocarditis affects the organs."Our fear is that we could be missing a lot of diseases that we can't see and we can't test for," Stites said, "and that can include very small blood vessel clots inside the heart that lead to more heart damage."Doctors at KU plan to make an assessment of how this will affect college and high school sports in the coming weeks.A study in Germany that looked at 100 patients recovering from COVID-19 found that 60% of them had myocarditis independent of preexisting conditions.Doctors at KU said the condition hasn't been studied as much in the U.SThis story was originally reported by Sarah Plake at KSHB. 1754

GENEVA — The World Health Organization said European nations reported more than 700,000 new coronavirus cases last week — the highest-ever figure since the start of the pandemic.In a weekly briefing published Tuesday, WHO said weekly virus cases and deaths across Europe jumped by 34% and 16% respectively. Britain, France, Russia and Spain accounted for more than half of the new cases seen in the region.The organization noted that the number of new cases reported in Spain showed a “noticeable decline” in comparison to recent weeks. But in Poland, WHO said virus cases and deaths spiked by 93% and 104% respectively, and the government has tightened restrictions to try avoiding another lockdown.WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said this week that the agency understood the frustration people were feeling as the pandemic drags on but warned “there are no shortcuts and no silver bullets.”WHO described lockdowns a “last resort” when countries have no other options and urged officials to use more targeted methods to stop the virus. 1061

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