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The Army, for the first time, will send soldiers from one of its new training brigades to Africa in the coming weeks, expanding the use of the new specialized units as the Pentagon looks at possible troop cuts on the continent.The decision to send a couple hundred soldiers from the 1st Security Force Assistance Brigade has been in the works for months. And it’s the next step in the Army’s broader plan to use the training teams to free other brigades who had been working as advisers to move on to other combat jobs.The plan comes as Defense Secretary Mark Esper eyes potential troop cuts in Africa. as part of a global review aimed at directing more focus on Asia. U.S. lawmakers and allies have voiced opposition to any cuts, and sending the new training teams isn’t likely to affect the overall troop numbers in Africa, at least initially.For Brig. Gen. Scott Jackson, the deployment to Africa means preparing his soldiers for a new type of mission. As commander of the 1st SFAB, he helped build the inaugural training brigade, and took it to Afghanistan for its first deployment in 2018. Two other SFABs have deployed to Afghanistan since then, so Jackson will now be the first to take the trainers to a new region — one that will be dramatically different from their war-zone mission.In Africa, his soldiers won’t have the vast U.S. and coalition support system with its network of bases, supply chains and readily available helicopters and armored vehicles.“We won’t have the military structure we had in Afghanistan,” said Jackson, in an Associated Press interview from Ethiopia. The soldiers, he said, may be in downtown areas of cities rather than military-equipped forward operating bases. And they’re likely to be moving about in Ford Broncos, rather than armored trucks.Part of their training for the mission has focused on improving their ability to sustain themselves for longer periods of time on their own, without the benefits of nearby military storehouses filled with food, supplies, ammunition and medical equipment.“You can’t get anywhere fast in Africa,” said Jackson, who was attending a major Africa training exercise and getting to know some of the military and national leaders his soldiers will be working with. He said they also got instruction on how to better work with embassies and their staffs.At the same time, his medics had to take a two-week tropical medicine course so they can be ready to deal with an entirely new set of diseases, bugs and other elements the soldiers will be exposed to.Jackson was tapped in 2017 to lead the first Security Force Assistance Brigade, after Gen. Mark Milley — then chief of staff of the Army — launched the program to create permanent training teams that could be deployed around the world. Milley is now the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Each SFAB includes a little more than 800 soldiers.The goal is to use the teams to advise and assist security forces in other countries, and take the pressure off other Army brigades that have been used to do training but are needed for other national security missions. In addition to the three brigades that have already deployed, three others, including one in the National Guard, are in various stages of development and training.Army Gen. Stephen Townsend, commander of U.S. Africa Command, specifically requested the SFAB, and Army Secretary Ryan McCarthy said it’s the right move.“The key is what is the right capability you’ve got to have in there, and the SFAB is uniquely suited for this,” said McCarthy. “Smaller elements have a huge impact on who they’re training.”Esper said that roughly 200 soldiers from the 1st SFAB will replace soldiers from the 101st Airborne who are returning home from Africa, “so that they can train for high-intensity conflict,” in line with the National Defense Strategy. He provided no estimate of the number of 101st infantry soldiers will come home from Africa, but said the net result would be roughly a wash, numerically.There are between 6,000 and 7,000 U.S. forces on the continent at any one time, including about 4,000 that are at the U.S. base in Djibouti. Other forces train and advise local forces and conduct counterterrorism missions against militants, such as al-Shabab in Somalia and other al-Qaida-linked groups and Islamic State affiliates in west and north Africa.“My aim is to free up time, money and manpower around the globe, where we currently are, so that I can direct it” toward Asia or return forces to the United States to improve combat readiness, Esper said. But he has also assured nervous allies that the U.S. won’t totally withdraw from Africa.Members of Congress have also pushed back against any troop reductions.“Our small military presence across Africa is meaningful, and provides significant return on investment,” said Sen. Jim Inhofe, R-Okla., chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee. Inhofe led a delegation of senators to Africa this month to discuss the importance of continued military cooperation in the region. They visited Uganda, Ghana and Mauritania.“Our partners are grateful for our leadership,” Inhofe said. “Downgrading our investment now would only increase our risk and make future competition or potential conflict more costly down the road.”Under current plans, about one-third of the training brigade will deploy to various countries in Africa. Officials will not disclose the countries, but acknowledge some will continue an ongoing training mission with the Djibouti military.The remainder of the brigade will continue to reset and train in the U.S., and then those team would be available to rotate into Africa to replace the first group when it comes home. Jackson said he doesn’t know exactly how many months the teams will be in Africa, but it’s likely to be less than the brigade’s nine-month deployment to Afghanistan.____AP National Security Writer Robert Burns contributed to this report. 5939

The college admissions scheme revealed Tuesday is the largest of its kind ever prosecuted, federal prosecutors said, and features 50 defendants across six states, millions of dollars in illegally funneled funds and a handful of the country's most selective universities.But at its core, the alleged scheme is remarkably simple -- and brazen.Cheat on standardized tests. Bribe the people who decide which students get admitted. All the while pretending that money was for charity."I'll speak more broadly, there were essentially two kinds of fraud that Singer was selling," US Attorney Andrew Lelling said, referring to William Rick Singer, the figure at the center of the scheme."One was to cheat on the SAT or ACT, and the other was to use his connections with Division I coaches and use bribes to get these parents' kids into school with fake athletic credentials," Lelling said at a press conference in Boston.A total of 50 people were charged in the case. Those arrested include two SAT/ACT administrators, one exam proctor, nine coaches at elite schools, one college administrator and 33 parents, according to Lelling.Here's how the plan worked, according to prosecutors.Cheating on the ACTs and SATsOf course, students who score higher on standardized tests such as the ACT and SAT are more likely to get into selective colleges.Given that, Singer facilitated cheating on those exams for students whose wealthy parents paid for his services.Singer pleaded guilty in court on Tuesday to four federal charges and admitted that the case against him was accurate.According to the indictment, he arranged for a third-party -- generally Mark Riddell, who is 1670

The Northern California town of Guerneville has been turned into an island as the Russian River has risen over 45 feet.The river crested 45.31 feet Wednesday night, Sonoma County Emergency Operation Center spokesman Barry Dugan said, after rising steadily for two days and leaving the community with 4,500 residents isolated.Their homes surrounded by flood waters, they have been moving around on kayaks and canoes."The roadways leading into the town along the river and across the river have been cut off by the rising floodwaters," Sonoma County emergency manager Chris Godley said.Dugan said roughly 2,000 homes and buildings have flooded to some degree. Fifty-nine people so far have been rescued and there are no reported injuries.Eighty-nine roads remain closed in the county. Officials said they are in the planning stages to allow people to re-enter as early as Friday, Dugan said.Stunned residents marveled at the rising waters earlier Wednesday, raising cellphones with one arm and snapping unbelievable photos."It is incredibly flooded. It is really nuts. You see just the rooftops popping over on the side of the road," Joe Pease, a county employee who delivered sandbags to firefighters but had to stop because of deep water, told CNN affiliate KGO.Aerial video from the station in San Francisco showed people paddling through Guerneville in canoes and kayaks. On some streets, the water reached the windows of cars. On one street, the water reached the rooflines of a few buildings.The river was 13 feet above flood stage by Wednesday evening, and county officials issued an emergency declaration.They have requested Gov. Gavin Newsom issue a state of emergency, to help local authorities by expanding available resources."(The proclamation) is not just a sign that we have insufficient resources or we're overwhelmed, but instead that we recognize the true potential worst-case scenario here and we want to make sure that we're mobilized effectively and fully to deal with that threat," Godley said."I have lived here in this area for the last 10 years and this is the highest I have ever seen it," said Zak Wood, who lives in Forestville, which is about a mile from the river.Officials expect the river to drop precipitously Thursday and Friday. The record river height is 49.5 feet.Sonoma County residents were told Tuesday night to evacuate.Not every road in Guerneville was under water -- a few were still passable, and now lined by cars and trucks from owners who found the higher ground.KGO reported that one hotel popular with wine enthusiasts was evacuated.The town was the worst hit by flooding, but not the only one.The sheriff tweeted a photo of part of a road in Monte Rio, about 5 miles away, deluged by water."Please heed evacuation orders," the sheriff tweeted.About 20 miles upriver, musician Garrett Pierce posted a video of the Healdsburg Memorial Bridge on Wednesday. Water rushes under the truss bridge, close to the spans. The video shows some breaks in the clouds.More rain is forecast through Sunday -- except on Thursday. A flood warning is in effect for parts of the area, the weather service said. A flood warning means flooding is imminent or occurring; a watch indicates potential for flooding based on forecasts. 3268

The moon is slowly shrinking over time, which is causing wrinkles in its crust and moonquakes, according to photos captured by NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter.Unlike Earth, the moon doesn't have tectonic plates. Instead, as the moon's interior has cooled over the last several hundred million years, it has caused the surface to wrinkle as it shrinks. Unlike the flexible skin of a grape when it shrinks into a raisin, the moon's brittle crust breaks. This creates stair-step cliffs called thrust faults as part of the crust is pushed up and over another close part of the crust.There are now thousands of cliffs scattered across the moon's surface, averaging a few miles long and tens of yards high. The orbiter has taken photos of more than 3,500 of them since 2009. In 1972, Apollo 17 astronauts Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt had to ascend one of these cliffs, the Lee-Lincoln fault scarp, by zig-zagging the lunar rover over it.Today the moon is 50 meters "skinnier" because of this process. And as it shrinks, the moon actively produces moonquakes along the faults. Researchers re-analyzed seismic data they had from the moon to compare with the images gathered by the orbiter.Data from the seismometers placed on the moon during the Apollo 11, 12, 14, 15 and 16 missions revealed 28 moonquakes recorded between 1969 and 1977. Researchers compared the location of the epicenters for those quakes with the orbiter imagery of the faults. At least eight of the quakes occurred due to activity along the faults. This rules out the possibility of asteroid impacts or rumblings from the moon's interior.This means that the Apollo seismometers recorded the moon shrinking, the researchers said. The study of Apollo seismic data and analysis of more than 12,000 of the orbiter's photos were published Monday in the journal 1841

The memory of serving in war still haunts veteran Matthew Kahl. "I'd seen things. I'd done things that were no person no person should ever have to do,” Kahl says. Kahl was deployed to Afghanistan twice in four years. Since serving, he’s tried twice to take his own life."I tried to commit suicide. I found every medication in the house cold medications, Tylenol, everything,” he recalls. “And I took them all, everything. Every last bit." Kahl says doctors tried to help by him by prescribing numerous different medications. “Ninety-six medications over the course of three to four years," he says. But he says all of these drugs, many of them anti-depressants, didn't fix his problem. "The traditional treatment caused me to be a zombie. It toned down the feelings,” he says. “It eliminated the feelings. It completely removed all the ability to connect with your issues your trauma." Then, he says he took a more natural route. First, he tried cannabis, but then, he went to psychedelic drugs, like psilocybin mushrooms. "Mushrooms, it was like magic. They fixed the pain they fixed the issues that were leading to the pain,” he describes. “It was a profound, profound experience. It was healing." Kahl considers magic mushrooms a medicine. However, the government considers them illegal. In May, Denver could become the first city to decriminalize psilocybin mushrooms. "We believe no person should be criminalized, lose their jobs, lose their family, lose their livelihood, for possessing a substance that grows naturally and has such really potential medical benefits,” says Kevin Matthews, an advocate for decriminalizing psilocybin mushrooms. Matthews' campaign got nearly twice the amount of signatures needed to get on the ballot. If voters approve the measure, mushrooms would still be illegal but would become the "the lowest-law enforcement priority." Supporters point to studies like one by Johns Hopkins University that say mushrooms have the potential to help with depression and anxiety. "It's one of these things that we have a lot of issues that we're facing as a society: rising rates of addiction and mental health crisis,” Matthews says. “And psilocybin can be an affecting alternative to the current paradigm of treatment." The government considers mushrooms a schedule 1 drug that have "no currently accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse." If users like Kahl were caught with mushrooms, they could face prison time. That's why a "yes" vote in May would mean so much to him. "It would mean freedom,” he says. “Finally being free of the worry, of being prosecuted and going to jail." He says that fear won't stop him from using mushrooms as a weapon in the fight against PTSD."You don't have to be stuck. This isn't a life sentence, and this PTSD, it’s curable,” he says. “You don't have to live with this pain for the rest of your life. You don't you can move on."There is a similar push to decriminalize mushrooms in Oregon in 2020. A legalization effort fell short in California last year. 3041

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