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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — It’s one of the few drugs shown to help fight the novel coronavirus, and a large federal study on remdesivir just entered a new phase.Previous research sponsored by the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Disease showed remdesivir shortened recovery time in hospitalized COVID-19 patients on average from 15 days to 11 days.Now scientists and doctors are racing to find the perfect cocktail against COVD-19 by blending remdesivir with other drugs.California-based Gilead Sciences originally developed the drug to fight Ebola, but remdesivir was never approved. Gilead Sciences has offices in Oceanside.The drug works by interrupting the virus’ ability to replicate.“Remdesivir acts by shutting down virus production,” said Dr. Peter Chin-Hong, an infectious disease expert at University of California San Francisco. “It just forces the virus to stop making virus children.”Dr. Chin-Hong is studying remdesivir as part of the NIAID research.The problem is that stopping the virus from replicating isn’t enough for some severely ill patients. They suffer from a second problem: massive inflammation from the immune system’s war with the virus.That’s why scientists are trying a cocktail approach.“You have the virus to take care of, but you also have the body's response to the virus, which is inflammation, that you also have to take care of,” said Dr. Chin-Hong.Researchers started testing the first drug cocktail in May, using an arthritis drug called baricitinib that tames inflammation.But as the data on that part of the study gets crunched, researchers began testing the second cocktail this month, a combination of remdesivir and interferon beta.“Interferon beta is something we produce naturally to fight viruses,” said Dr. Chin-Hong. He said studies have shown people who don’t produce enough interferon beta struggle to fight off the virus.Researchers selected interferon beta after two small studies showed promising results against the coronavirus.Interferon beta can both reduce inflammation and kill viruses, so doctors are hoping it will be a potent one-two punch with remdesivir.Dr. Chin-Hong said he and other researchers started administering the new cocktail this month.Some patients will receive the cocktail, some will receive a placebo, and some will get remdesivir only. This kind of clinical trial is called an adaptive trial, which the FDA started encouraging in 2004. After each phase, the winning drug or cocktail will be tested against a new challenger.Dr. Chin-Hong said the eventual cocktail may include three or more drugs, similar to HIV medication. 2617
SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- Looking to beat the heat and have some fun in the process? A North County mall has plenty of summer offerings for the whole family as temperatures rise. Westfield North County has created specific family programming throughout the week for families looking to escape the brutal North County heat. The mall is offering family game nights from 3 to 5 p.m. on Tuesday nights now through August 9. “Borrow one of our board games or play one of our life-sized versions of popular games like Tic-Tac-Toe, Jenga, Connect Four and Cornhole,” the mall says. A summer concert series will also be making its way to the mall on Fridays between 4 and 6 p.m. through the beginning of August. Check out the list of concerts below: Center Court, Level 1 July 12: The Journey Birds (Alternative Folk)July 19: Jimmy & Enrique (World Beat)July 26: The Ideas Trio (Vintage Rock & Roll)August 2: Gaby Aparicio (World Soul)August 9: Hullabaloo Band (Kids)Click here for more information on the events. 1016

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Light scattered showers fell throughout the day from Mission Valley to Carmel Valley.While Sunday's rainfall marked the first fall rain for the region, Alex Tardy with the National Weather Service said that rain will disappear by Monday. “We're looking at conditions that are bone dry, record dry. It’s never been this dry before and just a little bit of rain like this, while it's nice and we won’t have any fires [Sunday], once the dry air starts blowing through on Monday and continues into Tuesday, it's not going to make much of a difference,” Tardy said.RELATED: In-depth: Why La Ni?a could make wildfire season worseTardy said that San Diego may go long stretches without rainfall this season as we move into a dry La Ni?a winter. However, when the rain eventually comes, it could come in sporadic heavy storms. Tardy also added that the conditions will have fire crews on high alert for weeks. “It also means a delay in the start of our winter so we could be in for a very long fall period where we mostly see dry conditions,” Tardy says. “What that means for us is that fire danger [could be] continuing into the fall and well into the early winter.” 1186
SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — In their push to reopen schools, some political supporters of President Donald Trump have cited COVID-19 research from a group of San Diego scientists, claiming it’s evidence we could be close to herd immunity from the virus.But one of the authors of that research says that conclusion is way off.One of the most prominent supporters of the herd immunity conjecture is Dr. Scott Atlas, a neuroradiologist and senior fellow at Stanford University’s Hoover Institution who became an adviser to President Trump this month.“There’s a pretty good chance that herd immunity requires way less infections because of existing immunity out there,” Atlas said in a livestream conversation with San Diego County Supervisor Jim Desmond. “It actually may have already been reached in places like New York. We don’t know, but it’s possible.”Herd immunity is the level of protection needed to effectively stop the virus from circulating, thought to be about 70 percent of the population. The “existing immunity” to which Atlas is referring has to do with T cells.“It's just a misunderstanding of the science,” said Dr. Shane Crotty, a virologist at the La Jolla Institute for Immunology who co-authored the groundbreaking research on T cells in June.Crotty and his colleagues found that 50 percent of people unexposed to the novel coronavirus had T cells that could recognize it. Scientists refer to this as cross-reactive T cells, and the study was replicated in other countries.Proponents of the herd immunity theory take the number of people infected with the coronavirus, add the number of people with T cells that can recognize the virus, and come up with a number around the herd immunity threshold of 70 percent. But the math doesn’t work that way, according to Crotty, in part because T cells only kick in once a virus has hijacked cells, meaning T cells alone can't stop a pathogen in its tracks.“We’re not saying those 50 percent of people have protection like they’ve already had the virus,” Crotty said. “We’re saying those 50 percent of people have a head start in responding to the virus, which is a good thing but doesn’t affect herd immunity.”Since the novel coronavirus is a new pathogen, scientists did not expect people would have tools in their immune system capable of recognizing it. Unexposed people do not have cross-reactive antibodies, Crotty said.But in a study published this month in Science, Dr. Crotty and his colleagues offered a potential explanation for the surprising T cell results: they found these cross-reactive T cells also recognized four other coronavirus strains that cause common colds.Their theory: the T cells were created in response to other coronaviruses but can recognize SARS-CoV-2 like a distant relative.“It's a memory of a cousin,” Dr. Crotty said.That memory may speed up the body’s immune response, which can normally take about a week for an unknown pathogen, Crotty said. But scientists aren’t sure yet what role T cells actually play in clinical outcomes.“We have no data and and neither does anybody else as to whether these T cells really help or not,” Crotty said.To answer that question, scientists would need blood samples for lots of healthy people and then they would have to closely study individuals who got infected.The La Jolla Institute for Immunology is raising money for that kind of research, Crotty said, but they’re not there yet. 3417
SAN DIEGO (KGTV) – If one of your New Years resolutions was to get out and see more concerts, you've got some great choices to start off the year.Parquet Courts heads to San Diego off their fifth record "Wide Awake!," a punk-funk filled album that's proving to be their most groundbreaking record yet. The band heads to The Music Box.Country Music Hall of Famer and actor Kris Kristofferson and "The Strangers" bring their legendary sounds to the Balboa Theater. Ben and Dana Haggard, sons of country music legend Merle Haggard and accomplished in their own right, lead The Strangers.RELATED: San Diego Restaurant Week 2019: Over 180 restaurants taking partThe six-piece ensemble of Ozomatli also hits Music Box this month with a wide array of musical stylings spanning Latin, funk, jazz, hip-hop, and rock.Sara Dallin and Keren Woodward of the 1980s female English pop group Bananarama are in town to rock The Observatory with their global pop-dance and new wave hits.The legendary Elton John embarks on his farewell tour, stopping in San Diego at Pechanga Arena for what's sure to be an electrifying performance. Fans can undoubtably expect a night with “Bennie and the Jets,” “Rocket Man” and “Crocodile Rock" from the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductee.SHOWTIMES:Jan. 21 - Parquet Courts at The Music Box (link)Jan. 22 - Kris Kristofferson & The Strangers at Balboa Theater (link)Jan. 25 - Ozomatli at The Music Box (link)Jan. 27 - Bananarama at The Observatory North Park (link)Jan. 29 - Elton John at Pechanga Arena [formerly San Diego Sports Arena] (link) 1575
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