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BEIJING, May 14 (Xinhua) -- From 24-hour complaint hotlines to instant additive detectors, local governments in China are striving to battle the illegal use of food additives following a string of food scandals.According to a statement released Saturday by the office of the food safety commission under the State Council, China's Cabinet, governments in Beijing, Shanghai, Zhejiang and Guangdong have incorporated the local food safety situation into the evaluation of officials' work, while ordering strengthened and coordinated food safety supervision at city and county levels.Many provinces and autonomous regions are distributing educational information through local media to promote, among the local population, the awareness of food safety and the harm of banned food additives, stressing severe punishment in the hope of intimidating potential violators.Certified food additives are displayed on shelves at a store that sells food additives in Beijing, capital of China, April 22, 2011.Law enforcement departments in Chongqing, Guangdong, Liaoning and Hunan have punished violators involved in a series of food scandals which included "poisonous bean sprouts," "inked vermicelli" and "dyed peppers," according to the statement.The document did not provide details on these cases.Meanwhile, governments are figuring out new measures to stem food violations.For instance, the provincial government of northeastern Jilin has set up round-the-clock hotlines for food safety complaints and recruited 1,300 voluntary food safety supervisors who go deep into communities for clues on potential food scandals.Supervisors in southern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were equipped with additive detecting devices, which are reportedly able to check 27 kinds of illegal food additives "quickly and correctly," including melamine and clenbuterol, a kind of fat-burning drug used by violators to feed pigs to prevent them from accumulating fat.The municipal government of Beijing stipulates that companies found to have committed food violations in the past would be limited in investing in the municipality, while principals responsible for the wrongdoings will be banned from food manufacturing and distribution businesses.Beijing also requires restaurants to inform customers of all food additives contained in their self-made beverages and food sauces by posting the lists in menus or other public places. The lists should also be reported to supervisory departments.According to the statement, the Ministry of Agriculture has sent five teams to various regions, including Hebei, Jilin and Heilongjiang to inspect local food safety conditions.Vice Premier Li Keqiang warned last month of the great harm caused by illegal additives in food during a high-profile national meeting, promising a "firm attitude, iron-handed measures and more efforts" in dealing with the problem."Once such a case surfaces, it has an extensive social impact and easily causes a ripple effect, so we must attach great importance to it," Li said, adding that severe penalties must be imposed on violators to "let the violators pay dearly" and send a message to others.A high-profile, nationwide fight against the illegal use of additives in food was then launched to intensify supervision, upgrade safety standards and greatly increase penalties for violators.The moves came following a series of scandals including steamed buns dyed with unidentified chemicals, as well as the use of illegal cooking oil, known as "gutter oil."In one of the latest cases, police detained 96 people for producing, selling or using meat additives and confiscated over 400 kg of clenbuterol, widely known in the country as "lean meat powder," in central Henan Province.The action followed a scandal revealed in March when the country's largest meat processor, Shuanghui Group, was forced to issue a public apology for its clenbuterol-tainted pork products.

BEIJING，March 11 (Xinhuanet) --A poor diet during pregnancy may result in health problems such as diabetes for the offspring in later life, according media reports Friday quotting a new research.Based on a study of rats, researchers from the University of Cambridge altered the protein content of the mother's diet during pregnancy as they found that rats were more vulnerable to the effects of diseases if their mothers were malnourished while they were pregnant.Further, the study also showed that an imbalanced diet in the expectant mother can compromise the long-term functioning of a gene in the child. And the gene, named Hnf4a, is believed to play a major role in the development of the pancreas and in the production of insulin.The researchers held similar mechanisms seen in the rat study could occur in humans, and that the effects might be felt by more than just the immediate offspring."What is most exciting about these findings is that we are now starting to really understand how nutrition during the first nine months of life spent in the womb shape our long term health by influencing how the cells in our body age," said Susan Ozanne, senior author of the paper and senior fellow from the Institute of Metabolic Science at the University of Cambridge.And Jeremy Pearson, associate medical director at the British Heart Foundation, said: "The reasons why are not well understood, but this study in rats adds to the evidence that a mother's diet may sometimes alter the control of certain genes in her unborn child.""It's no reason for expectant mothers to be unduly worried. This research doesn't change our advice that pregnant women should try to eat a healthy, balanced diet," he added.

ZHENGZHOU, Feb. 16 (Xinhua) -- China's Yellow River catchment authority has launched emergency measures to restrict industrial water usage and to release reservoir water for wheat crops in the face of a worsening drought.The Yellow River Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters raised on Wednesday its drought alert from yellow to orange, the second-highest level, indicating the area is facing the worst drought in up to half a century.The headquarters ordered all authorities along the catchment area to initiate an emergency response to ensure water supplies for people and livestock, and to restrict industrial water consumption.The drought, which has plagued the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River since October last year, was likely to affect more than 40 percent of crops in the area, said a headquarters spokesman.Light to moderate snowfall brought some relief to the wheat farmers in the region over the weekend, but not enough to end the drought. Most regions along the Yellow River received precipitation of less than 10 mm.Thanks to the recent rise in temperatures, ice covering 120-km of the Yellow river has melted, offering more water for irrigation and other water uses.The headquarters' statistics show that water channeled from the Yellow River reached 228 cubic meters per second at 8 a.m. Tuesday, and supplied the drought-plagued Shandong Province, Tianjin Municipality and Hebei Province.The headquarters had released more water from reservoirs along the catchment to help with the irrigation of winter wheat crops, said the spokesman.The Chinese government on Friday announced plans to dig 1,350 wells in eight major wheat-growing provinces to help ease the drought that is threatening grain harvests.

WASHINGTON, April 6 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have discovered two genes in which variation affects intake of caffeine, the most widely consumed stimulant in the world, according to a report described Wednesday in the open-access journal PLoS Genetics.A team of investigators from the National Cancer Institute, Harvard School of Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill examined genetic variation across the entire genome of more than 47,000 individuals from the U.S.They found the genes -- CYP1A2, which has previously been implicated in the metabolism of caffeine, and AHR, involved in the regulation of CYP1A2, played roles in regulating intake of caffeine. Individuals with the highest-consumption genotype for either gene consumed 40 mg more caffeine than those with the lowest-consumption genotype, equivalent to the amount of one-third cup of caffeinated coffee, or one can of cola.Caffeine is implicated in numerous physiological and medical conditions; it affects sleep patterns, energy levels, mood, and mental and physical performance. The identification of genes that have an impact on daily consumption offers opportunities to better understand these conditions. Further exploration of the identified genetic variants may provide insight into the speed of caffeine metabolism, how long caffeine circulates in the blood, or how strong the physiological effects of consuming a given amount of caffeine are.

WASHINGTON, April 11 (Xinhua) -- In the first clinical trial of gene therapy for treatment of intractable pain, U.S. researchers from the University of Michigan's Department of Neurology observed that the treatment appears to be able to provide substantial pain relief.In a study published online in the Annals of Neurology and seen on Monday, the researchers showed that the novel agent NP2 is safe and well-tolerated. In addition, measures of pain in the treated patients suggested that NP2 may provide a substantial analgesic effect.NP2 is a gene transfer vector that expresses the naturally- occurring opioid peptide enkephalin. In preclinical work in animals, David Fink, chair of the Department of Neurology, and his coworkers had demonstrated that injection of NP2 into the skin reduces pain in models of pain caused by nerve damage, inflammation or cancer.In the clinical trial, 10 patients with unrelenting pain caused by cancer were injected with the gene transfer agent in the area of skin related to the location of pain."The concept underlying this therapeutic approach is that injection of NP2 into the skin results in uptake into the nervous system and the production and release of a pain-relieving chemical in a controlled site in the pain pathway," says Fink. "In the study, patients who received the low dose of vector showed little reduction in pain; patients receiving the higher doses showed a greater than 80 percent reduction in pain over the course of four weeks following treatment."Fink's laboratory has been working on the use of modified herpes simplex virus-based vectors that are taken up by sensory nerves following skin injection to develop therapies for diseases of the nervous system for more than 20 years. Patents related to this technology have been exclusively licensed by Diamyd Medical, a publicly-traded Swedish biotechnology company that sponsored the trial, and the human-grade vector NP2 was produced by Diamyd, Inc, the U.S. subsidiary of Diamyd Medical.A phase 2 trial to compare NP2 to a placebo control has already been initiated under sponsorship from Diamyd.