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BEIJING, March 14 (Xinhua) -- China's parliament, the National People's Congress (NPC), adopted here Sunday the amendment to the Electoral Law, which grants equal representation in legislative bodies to rural and urban people.Lawmakers applauded after NPC Standing Committee Chairman Wu Bangguo announced that the amendment was approved with 2,747 votes from the 2,909 NPC deputies present at the closing meeting.The amendment is regarded as part of China's efforts to narrow the urban-rural gap. It requires "both rural and urban areas adopt the same ratio of deputies to the represented population in elections of people's congress deputies."Wang Zhaoguo, vice chairman of the NPC Standing Committee, said the law provides legal guarantees for elections of deputies to people's congresses, the country's fundamental political system, as well as citizens' right to vote and the right to stand for election.The Third Session of the 11th National People's Congress holds its closing meeting at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, China, March 14, 2010.After the last amendment in 1995, the law stipulated that each rural deputy represented a population four times that of an urban deputy. Critics said this could be interpreted as "farmers only enjoy a quarter of the suffrage of their urban counterparts."Before the amendment in 1995, the difference was eight times."Such stipulations were absolutely necessary and conformed with China's political system and the particular situation at that time," Wang said.According to the 1953 national census, the urban population made up only about 13 percent. The rural population was much more than that of cities at that time and an equal ratio of rural and urban representation would have meant an excessive number of rural deputies.With rapid urbanization and rural economic development, the proportion of urban population increased to 46.6 percent last year, he said, adding people's congresses at all levels have gone through many terms of elections, accumulating abundant experience."The time is right for equal representation," which is conducive to expand democracy, he said.Wang said the amendment ensures "equal representation among people, regions and ethnic groups."The amendment adds stipulations such as "organizing more face-to-face contacts between candidates and electors to allow deputy candidates to introduce themselves and answer voters' questions."It says the setup of polling stations, convening election congress and the management of mobile polling boxes should be further standardized and improved.It also suggests to set up "confidential polling booths" to root out bribery in elections.Violence, threats, corruption and other acts that disrupts elections should be investigated and punished, it says.The number of deputies to the NPC is limited within 3,000, and the distribution of the NPC deputies is decided by the NPC Standing Committee, according to the law

UNITED NATIONS, March 18 (Xinhua) -- China on Thursday called upon the international community to render more support and provide more assistance to Afghanistan, and voiced its support for a leading coordination role by the United Nations in the reconstruction of the south Asian country.The appeal came as Li Baodong, the permanent Chinese representative to the United Nations, was speaking to a UN Security Council meeting on the current situation of Afghanistan.The international community must keep focused on Afghanistan, which is currently at a key transitional period, and increase support and assistance to enhance Afghan sovereignty and capacity for development, Li said.The international community should also step up the efforts to assist the country in strengthening its military and police forces, promoting the process of national reconciliation in the nation, he said.He said that China supports the leading coordination role played by the United Nations in helping Afghanistan in its reconstruction process.China had actively supported and participated in Afghanistan's peaceful reconstruction, he said, adding that China will continue to provide assistance to Afghanistan within its capacity.China had invited Afghan President Hamid Karzai to visit China on March 21-25, Li said, adding that he is confident that visit will achieve positive results.

BEIJING, Feb. 2 (Xinhua) -- China should further step up social spending to push forward reforms such as health care, welfare and education to sustain its economic growth, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) said in a report on Tuesday.Although China's reforms have increasingly focused on the need for social cohesion in recent years, said the report, more efforts are still needed in various areas to improve people's living standards over a longer term.The fragmented system of welfare assistance, pension and health care should be unified, it said, stressing reforms on health care should be continued so as to ensure that provision at local levels is improved and eventually the different insurance systems are unified, it said.It also said China's registration system and restrictions on migrant workers' access to social services create obstacles to labor mobility, therefore should be relaxed.OECD groups 30 nations, mostly wealthy European countries, along with Canada, the United States, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, the Republic of Korea, Mexico and Turkey.The report, the second of its kind since 2005, said China is now leading the world economy out of recession with the help of the massive stimulus package."The Chinese government's swift and vigorous action to support its economy has contained the impact of the global recession," said Pier Carlo Padoan, chief economist and deputy secretary general of the OECD.China may overtake the United States to become the leading producer of manufactured goods in the next five to seven years, the report said.However, Zhang Zhigang, chief economist of the Center for International Economic Exchanges, said that to well study China one should not be confined to consider the country's aggregated economic volume but take into account the per capital economic volume, as China is a very populous nation of 1.3 billion people."It is true that China is capable of putting man in space, but on the other hand, in much of its underdeveloped inland areas, oxen are still used to plough the farm", said Zhang at a ceremony to launch the survey.While stressing the rapid expansion of the Chinese economy, the report also touched upon some of the weak points China faces, including the country's over-reliance on foreign-sourced technology embodied in foreign direct investment.The contribution added-value made to research and development was only one-tenth of that in the United States in 2005, according to the 232-page survey.As for financial and monetary issues, it said China will "eventually require a flexible exchange rate regime with open capital markets".Greater flexibility of the yuan exchange rate could not be achieved in a short period of time and it requires a step-by-step approach with supporting reforms in the financial areas, said Padoan in an interview with Xinhua.

BEIJING, March 12 (Xinhua) -- China's central bank said Friday a stronger yuan offers no help for solving the Sino-U.S. trade imbalance problem, and China opposes politicizing yuan's appreciation.Su Ning, vice governor of the People's Bank of China, made the comments a day after U.S. President Barack Obama told the U.S. Export-Import Bank's annual conference that a more market-oriented exchange rate of yuan will make an essential contribution to global rebalancing efforts."We do not think a country should rely others to solve its own problems," Su, a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) National Committee, said on the sidelines of the top political advisory body's annual session.The U.S. Department of Commerce said on March 11 that the U.S. trade deficit with China increased to 18.3 billion U.S. dollars in January from 18.14 billion U.S. dollars in December. The increase renewed the U.S. call for a stronger yuan as it claimed the current exchange rate gives Chinese goods unfair price advantages.Su said although yuan has gained more than 20 percent since it depegged the U.S. dollars in June 2005, China's trade surplus tripled from 100 billion U.S. dollars in 2004 to nearly 300 billion U.S. dollars in 2008.In addition, he argued, a weaker U.S. dollar does not help cut the U.S. deficit. As the U.S. dollar depreciated by 3 percent annually in average between 2002 and 2008, its deficit soared from 500 billion U.S. dollars to 900 billion U.S. dollars, Su said.Tan Yaling, a financial researcher with Peking University, said as nations have different roles in international trade and differ in resources, what they produce, consume and want can be very different."It is unfair that the United States, on the one hand, consumes cheap Chinese goods, while on the other hand, it blames the low prices for causing their domestic job losses," she said.The Obama administration's continuous calls for a stronger yuan is actually aimed at diverting attentions from its domestic woes, experts said.To grapple with high unemployment rate and uncertain recovery prospects, Obama has to do something on job promotion to secure victory in the mid-term election in November this year, said Chen Zhiwu, a financial professor with Yale University.To curb soaring unemployment and boost growth, Obama has announced a special task force on a mission of doubling the U.S. exports in five years, as he said the U.S. can not "stand on the sidelines," as other countries are busy negotiating trade deals.Cheng Enfu, a deputy to the National People' s Congress (NPC), China' s top legislature, said the consistent pressure from the United States is simply because of its pursuit of national interests."Over-fast appreciation of yuan does no good to the global economic recovery which is still fragile and uncertain," he said.Zhu Yuchen, also an NPC deputy, said as China plays a leading role in global economic recovery, any drastic policy change will not only impair China's economy, but also the global recovery, which is not a responsible way.President Obama's remarks also came a month ahead of a semiannual Treasury Department report that could label China as a currency manipulator.Premier Wen Jiabao said in the government work report delivered to the NPC on March 5 that China will keep the yuan "basically stable" at an "appropriate and balanced" level.HEFTY SURPLUS, BUT SLIM PROFITSAlthough China has accumulated massive trade surplus over the past decades, that does not indicate the same profits, as more than half of China's exporters are foreign invested, lawmakers said.Figures released by the Ministry of Commerce showed 55.2 percent of China's foreign trade was completed by foreign-invested businesses last year. And 56 percent of the exports were done by foreign companies in China.Cheng Enfu said China only pockets paper-thin profits from the very end of the manufacturing chain, or processing and assembling work. However, the United States earn handsome profits from designing and distribution.According to a study by researchers of the University of California, of the 299 U.S. dollars retail value of a 30-gigabyte video iPod in the United States, 163 U.S. dollars is captured by American companies and workers, and 132 U.S. dollars go to parts makers in other Asian countries, while the final assembly, done in China, cost only about 4 U.S. dollars a unit."Even though Chinese workers contribute only about 1 percent of the value of the iPod, the export of a finished iPod to the United States directly contributes about 150 U.S. dollars to our bilateral trade deficit with the Chinese," Hal R. Varian, a professor of the University of California at Berkeley, wrote on the New York Times on June 28, 2007.Cheng Enfu noted it needs to upgrade exports product mix to fundamentally reverse China's disadvantages. That is, to export more profitable self-innovative products, rather than labor-intensive processing goods.

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