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JINAN, Feb. 3 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao on Wednesday and Thursday visited drought-hit villages and ordered all-out efforts to combat the dry spell while celebrating the Chinese New Year with local people.When visiting Jiaxiang County and Qufu City in east China's Shandong Province, Wen inspected cornfields and reservoirs to assess the drought's impact.The drought, which began in October, has hit the southwest parts of Shandong hardest."It's hard to know when it will rain. We must prepare for the worst and do our best to combat the drought to ensure a good harvest," Wen said while visiting a reservoir in Qufu.Wen made the remarks Wednesday afternoon after learning the reservoir was holding a volume of water 8 million cubic meters less than normal.He told officials accompanying him any drought-caused reduction in grain output may undermine the government's top priority for 2011: the stabilization of prices.Officials at all levels must work to combat the drought, Wen added.China's central authorities last week announced an ambitious water conservancy project development plan, to raise China's ability to control flooding and drought.Under the plan, the average annual government spending on such projects will double the 2010 level."The drought affects agricultural output, which is related to the nation's food security and the income of rural people. I worry about it," Wen told a local farmer Wednesday morning.In the evening, Wen joined Liu Xianglun, 77, and his family at their house to make dumplings to eat to welcome the Chinese New Year.Before visiting Shandong, Wen visited farmers and workers in Dabieshan Mountain area, an old revolutionary base in east China's Anhui Province.The Spring Festival, China's Lunar New Year, falls on Thursday.

BEIJING, March 19 (Xinhua) -- In spite of the fact that snow still covers his farmland, Jiang Chen has been busy stocking fertilizers and seeds to prepare for the coming spring farming season."I am almost ready for the sowing," said Jiang, a 64-year-old peasant who farms five hectares of cropland in Liujia Township in Yushu City, northeast China's Jilin Province. "But the costs are rising so I still want to look for better seeds providing a higher yield this year."As the Chinese government continued policies to assure a good grain harvest this year, millions of farmers like Jiang in China's major grain-producing regions such as Jilin, Heilongjiang, Shandong and Henan provinces are now gearing up to finalize preparations for the coming sowing season.The central government's incentives in 2011 include increases in minimum rice purchase prices by 9.7 percent to 21.9 percent from last year, as well as 24.9 billion yuan (about 3.77 billion U.S. dollars) in subsidies to the national grain risk fund for farmers."Though farmers are richer now than before, our economic strength remains relatively weak as compared with urban residents," Jiang said.He noted that he was considering investing less this year because the cost of agricultural production has increased year after year.The average urea price from manufacturers and retailers rose about 10 percent from last year to about 1,980 yuan and 2,100 yuan per tonne at a grain and oil wholesale market near Yuquan Road in Beijing, where many farmers from neighboring Hebei, Henan and Shandong provinces buy agricultural fertilizers and additives.Urea is the primary fertilizer used by Chinese grain growers, though many of the farmers said that they would reduce the use the compound in their fields due to rising prices and the impact on wheat caused by the widespread drought in north China this winter.Wang Quan, the president of China National Agricultural Means of Production Group Corp., the country's largest supplier of agricultural materials, predicted that the use of urea during the spring farming season would be between 20 million tonnes to 25 million tonnes, which is about two fifths of the year's total.Wang said that the urea price is around 400 U.S. dollars per tonne in global markets, or 15.7 percent higher than the domestic price."I think it takes time for Chinese farmers to accept the price hikes gradually," he added.Analysts say that the different perceptions on urea prices between manufacturers and farmers may have affected China's crops because the reduced use of fertilizers usually mean less grain output in the country since many farmers depend more on fertilizers, rather than technology to boost production.China's grain output rose 2.9 percent last year to 546.41 million tonnes, marking the seventh consecutive year of growth. The country aims to keep its 2011 grain production over 500 million tonnes, according to an executive meeting of the State Council, or the Cabinet, Thursday.Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said last month that rising costs of grain production, the lingering drought in north China's major wheat-growing regions and the weakening of agricultural production in some areas would directly affect China's summer grain output.Facing challenges such as higher costs for growing grain, Jiang believed that he could generate higher income from his crops this year with the support of the agricultural sector by the government."If the grain prices also rise this year, I can still earn a net income of 10,000 yuan for every hectare of farmland," Jiang said."I hope to keep my farmland from being seized for industrial or residential development," he added.

LOS ANGELES, April 1 (Xinhua) -- A NASA Gulfstream-III aircraft equipped with a synthetic aperture radar is scheduled to depart Sunday, April 3 on a nine-day mission to image Hawaii volcanoes, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) announced on Friday.The aircraft will fly from the Dryden Aircraft Operations Facility in Palmdale, California to the Big Island of Hawaii to study the Kilauea volcano that recently erupted, said JPL in Pasadena, Los Angeles.The mission will help scientists better understand processes occurring under Earth's surface, JPL said.Developed by JPL, the Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar, or UAVSAR, uses a technique called interferometric synthetic aperture radar that sends pulses of microwave energy from the aircraft to the ground to detect and measure very subtle deformations in Earth's surface, such as those caused by earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides and glacier movements.As the Gulfstream-III flies at an altitude of about 12,500 meters, the radar, located in a pod under the aircraft's belly, will collect data over Kilauea, according to JPL.The UAVSAR's first data acquisitions over this volcanic region took place in January 2010, when the radar flew over the volcano daily for a week. The UAVSAR detected deflation of Kilauea's caldera over one day, part of a series of deflation-inflation events observed at Kilauea as magma is pumped into the volcano's east rift zone.This month's flights will repeat the 2010 flight paths to an accuracy of within 5 meters, or about 16.5 feet, assisted by a Platform Precision Autopilot designed by engineers at NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center on Edwards Air Force Base, California, JPL said.By comparing these camera-like images, interferograms are formed that reveal changes in Earth's surface, said JPL.Between March 5 and 11, 2011, a spectacular fissure eruption occurred along the east rift zone. Satellite radar imagery captured the progression of this volcanic event."The April 2011 UAVSAR flights will capture the March 2011 fissure eruption surface displacements at high resolution and from multiple viewing directions, giving us an improved resolution of the magma injected into the east rift zone that caused the eruption," said JPL research scientist Paul Lundgren."Our goal is to be able to deploy the UAVSAR on short notice to better understand and aid in responding to hazards from Kilauea and other volcanoes in the Pacific region covered by this study," Lundgren added.

BEIJING, Feb. 8 (Xinhuanet) -- China's railroads and highways will see their busiest day of the Spring Festival holiday on Tuesday when the number of travelers returning to major cities hits its peak, just as a cold snap sweeps across much of the country, the ministries of railways and transport said on Monday.The Ministry of Railways said on its website that there had been a sharp rise in the number of travelers leaving smaller cities on Monday bound for such places as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou.The ministry said the number of people on the move on Tuesday is likely to make the day the Spring Festival travel peak.The nation's roads are also likely to be at their Spring Festival maximum on Tuesday and Wednesday, the Ministry of Transport reported on Monday on its official website.The National Meteorological Center (NMC) added on Monday that a moderate cold snap was expected on Tuesday, causing temperatures to fall by between four and six degrees in most parts of China.The weather pattern will bring widespread rain and snow to the southern part of China from Wednesday to Friday, the NMC said.The Ministry of Railways said on its website that it has asked its local branches to be prepared for the upcoming icy weather.Meanwhile, the local authorities in big cities have been bracing for the arrival of massive numbers of travelers as the Spring Festival holiday winds down.In Shanghai, tens of thousands of public transportation workers cut their holidays short and put 27 additional bus lines on the road to meet demand as passengers began arriving in large numbers at the city's railway stations.The influx began on Saturday night, according to local newspaper Wenhui Daily.On Sunday, the pressure intensified on the Qinghai-Tibet railway, two days earlier than expected.As a result, the railway company organized additional workers to facilitate the flow of people through Xining Railway Station in Northwest China's Qinghai province.Many volunteers have also been pitching in to help keep people moving and have offered to do various jobs at stations, such as helping people buy tickets and assisting them in checking their travel schedules.Among them, Liu Chen, a student from the Guangzhou-based Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, has been helping people at Guangzhou Railway Station by carrying their bags."One day, I helped more than 70 passengers with their luggage and, after all of them got on the trains, it felt like my legs were almost paralyzed," he said.The Hohhot railway bureau in North China's Inner Mongolia autonomous region said it is expecting so many extra passengers that it has scheduled four additional trains for lines to Chongqing and Beijing.With so many people scrambling to get back from family gatherings and holidays to their jobs in China's big cities, the rush to buy tickets has been phenomenal. Tickets for trains that will leave Nanjing on Tuesday for Beijing, Guangzhou, Harbin and Changchun had virtually all gone on Monday morning, Jiangsu's Yangtse Evening Post reported.On Sunday, the fourth day of Spring Festival, the country's railways carried a total of 5.3 million travelers, which was up by 12.8 percent on the 4.7 million who rode the rails a day earlier, according to the Ministry of Railways.Another 38.6 million travelers made Spring Festival trips on Sunday on buses and ships, according to the Ministry of Transport.The traditional chunyun period, or Spring Festival travel season, runs for 40 days and is calculated in two phases: 15 days before Spring Festival Eve and 25 days after it, as stipulated by the central government.China's railways moved about 77.3 million passengers during the first 15-day period, which ran from Jan 19 to Feb 2, the Ministry of Railways reported.

WASHINGTON, April 4 (Xinhua) -- Scientists have identified a gene that appears to play a role in regulating how much alcohol people drink, in a study of over 47,000 people published Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.The researchers say that finding a common genetic variation influencing levels of alcohol consumption may lead to a better understanding of mechanisms underlying alcohol drinking behavior in the general population.The gene, called "autism susceptibility candidate 2", or AUTS2, has previously been linked to autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, but its function is not known.The new study, by an international consortium led by scientists at Imperial College London and King's College London, found that there are two versions of the AUTS2 gene, one three times more common than the other. People with the less common version drink on average five percent less alcohol than people with the more common version.The gene is most active in parts of the brain associated with neuropsychological reward mechanisms, suggesting that it might play a part in regulating the positive reinforcement that people feel when they drink alcohol.Alcohol consumption is known to be partly determined by genes but until now the only gene known to make a notable contribution was the gene encoding alcohol dehydrogenase, an enzyme that breaks down alcohol in the liver.Professor Paul Elliott, from the School of Public Health at Imperial College London, said: "Of course there are a lot of factors that affect how much alcohol a person drinks, but we know from twin studies that genes play an important role. The difference that this particular gene makes is only small, but by finding it we've opened up a new area of research into the biological mechanisms that control drinking."