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Saturday marks the "First in the West" nomination race with Democrats in Nevada caucusing at a critical time in the campaign for the remaining Democratic field. While New Hampshire and Iowa gave Sen. Bernie Sanders and Mayor Pete Buttigieg some early momentum, Nevada is the first state that will include a diverse voting base. The Nevada Democratic Party says the Nevada Caucuses is a good litmus test on who could best represent the party and be the Democrats' standard-bearer in 2020. After Iowa, all eyes on the tabulationUnlike most primaries, which are run by state boards of election, caucuses are run by the party. Two weeks ago, the Iowa Democratic Party came under fire for a failed vote tabulation as results took several days to be compiled. The fiasco in Iowa was caused by a glitch in an app, and forced the state party chair to step down. Democrats are hopeful that technology does not fail them again. Nevada Democrats too are going to rely on technology. Precincts will each use an iPad with a Google Drive document used to report real-time numbers back to the party. Precinct chairs will also be asked to call the Democratic Party, and send a picture via text message of the paper tabulation that is signed off by representatives of the viable campaigns. How a caucus worksCaucuses are more akin to community events rather than a typical election. Rather than using a secret ballot, caucus goers will first hear from supporters of the candidates, representatives of the campaigns, or perhaps even from the candidate themselves.Then, those on hand will literally "take sides," and join with other supporters of that campaign. At the precinct, a determination is made of viable and non-viable candidates (generally 15% is the threshold).The supporters of non-viable candidates will then be given 15 minutes to join a viable campaign, or abstain. Once the 15 minutes are up, a tally is taken, and the Nevada Democratic Party releases the number of delegates won by each candidate, which is the most important figure of the day. The party will also release popular vote totals.How are ties brokenIf there is a tie at a caucus site that would affect the number of delegates, the precinct chair will use a deck of cards to break the tie. This is Nevada after all. What is at stake on SaturdayFor Saturday's Nevada Caucuses, a total of 36 national delegates will be up for grabs. The Democrats divvy delegates in a proportional basis, meaning with a wide-open field, it is likely that a candidate will not receive a majority of the delegates on Monday.But with Nevada representing some of the first votes cast in the nomination process, it is important to do well for fundraising and momentum purposes.Where the race standsButtigieg holds a slight lead in delegates over Sanders (23-21). Other candidates with delegates are Sen. Elizabeth Warren (8), Sen. Amy Klobuchar (7) and VP Joe Biden (6). Mayor Michael Bloomberg did not enter the first two nominating contests, and will sit out Saturday’s Nevada Caucuses and the South Carolina Primary on Feb. 29.Although Buttigieg holds the lead in delegates, it is hard to describe him as the frontrunner. Sanders has a plurality of votes, and leads national polling.Polls in recent weeks have consistently shown Sanders in the lead in Nevada. He also has been leading nationally.Real Clear Politics tracks major opinion polls, and an aggregate of polls show that Sanders has seen his share of the vote go from 19% to 27% in the last three weeks. During that time, Bloomberg has seen his numbers more than double, as he has gone from the back of the pack to nearly even with one-time frontrunner Biden for second.But on March 3, the biggest night of the nominating race awaits as more than a dozen states, including Texas and California, hold primaries. These states are already conducting early voting, meaning Wednesday’s debate could be the final opportunity for candidates to make an impression before a crucial Super Tuesday race. 4002

Scans of the lungs of the sickest COVID-19 patients show distinctive patterns of infection, but so far those clues offer little help in predicting which patients will pull through. For now, doctors are relying on what’s called supportive care that’s standard for severe pneumonia.Doctors in areas still bracing for an onslaught of sick patients are scouring medical reports and hosting webinars with Chinese doctors to get the best advice on what works and what hasn’t.One thing that’s clear around the globe: Age makes a huge difference in survival. And one reason is that seniors’ lungs don’t have as much of what geriatrics expert Dr. Richard Baron calls reserve capacity.“At age 18, you have a lot of extra lung capacity you don’t use unless you’re running a marathon,” explained Baron, who heads the American Board of Internal Medicine. That capacity gradually declines with age even in otherwise healthy people, so “if you’re an old person, even a mild form can overwhelm your lungs if you don’t have enough reserve.”Here’s what scientists can say so far about treating those who become severely ill.HOW DOES COVID-19 HARM THE LUNGS?The new coronavirus, like most respiratory viruses, is spread by droplets from someone’s cough or sneeze. The vast majority of patients recover, most after experiencing mild or moderate symptoms such as fever and cough. But sometimes the virus makes its way deep into the lungs to cause pneumonia.Lungs contain grapelike clusters of tiny air sacs called alveoli. When you breathe, oxygen fills the sacs and passes straight into blood vessels that nestle alongside them. Pneumonia occurs when an infection -- of any sort, not just this new virus -- inflames the lungs’ sacs. In severe cases they fill with fluid, dead cells and other debris so oxygen can’t get through.If other countries have the same experience as China, about 5% of COVID-19 patients could become sick enough to require intensive careHOW DOES THAT DAMAGE APPEAR?Doctors at New York’s Mount Sinai Health System analyzed 121 chest CT scans shared by colleagues in China and spotted something unusual.Healthy lungs look mostly black on medical scans because they’re full of air. An early infection with bacterial pneumonia tends to show up as a white blotch in one section of one lung. Pneumonia caused by a virus can show up as hazy patches that go by a weird name -- “ground glass opacities.”In people who get COVID-19 pneumonia, that haze tends to cluster on the outside edge of both lungs, by the ribs, a distinctive pattern, said Dr. Adam Bernheim, a radiologist at Mount Sinai.As infection worsens, the haze forms rounder clusters and gradually turns more white as the air sacs become increasingly clogged.HOW TO TREAT THE PNEUMONIA?There are no drugs so far that directly attack the new coronavirus, although doctors are trying some experimentally, including an old malaria treatment and one under development to treat Ebola.“The best treatment we have is supportive care,” said Dr. Aimee Moulin, an emergency care physician at the University of California Davis Medical Center.That centers around assistance in breathing when the oxygen levels in patients’ blood starts to drop. For some people, oxygen delivered through a mask or tubes in the nose is enough. More severely ill patients will need a breathing machine.“The goal is to keep the person alive until the disease takes its course” and the lungs begin to heal, explained Mount Sinai’s Dr. Neil Schachter.The very worst cases develop an inflammatory condition called ARDS -- acute respiratory distress syndrome — that floods the lungs with fluid. That’s when the immune system’s attempt to fight infection “is going crazy and itself attacking the lung,” Baron explained.Many things besides the coronavirus can cause the condition, and regardless of the cause, it comes with a high risk of death.WHAT ELSE IS IMPACTED?Severe pneumonia of any sort can cause shock and other organ damage. But in a webinar last week, Chinese doctors told members of the American College of Cardiology to watch for some additional problems in severe COVID-19, especially in people with heart disease. The worst off may need blood thinners as their blood starts to abnormally clot, and the heart itself may sustain damage not just from lack of oxygen but from the inflammation engulfing the body.Another caution: The sickest patients can deteriorate rapidly, something a hospital in Kirkland, Washington, witnessed.Of 21 patients who needed critical care at Evergreen Hospital, 17 were moved into the ICU without 24 hours of hospital admission, doctors reported last week in the 4639

Suzanne Eaton, the American scientist killed in Greece, was raped, police in Crete said Tuesday.Police said Monday that a 27-year-old local man had confessed to the crime.The suspect said in his confession that he had seen Eaton running, and "with sexual assault as a probable motive, hit her twice with his car in order to immobilize her," Crete's Chief of Police Konstantinos Lagoudakis said at a press conference Tuesday."Then, after she was unconscious, he put her in the trunk of his car and took her to the location of the World War II bunker" where her body was found, Lagoudakis said.The suspect raped her and dumped her body into the bunker, covering the opening of the bunker's air shaft with a piece of wood to hide it, Crete Police's head of press Eleni Papathanassiou told CNN.It is not clear if Eaton was still alive when she was raped, she said.Wheel tracks lead officers to the suspect, police said, explaining that they had linked tracks found near the bunker to his car, which, they say, he cleaned after the attack on Eaton.During preliminary questioning, the suspect denied having been near the bunker for a month, which raised suspicions, Lagoudakis said.Signals from the suspect's phone also placed him near the crime scene on the day of the attack, the police chief said.Police say the suspect is a married father of two who owns farmland near the crime scene. They have not named him.The suspect said he had never met Eaton but had seen her running before, police said.Eaton, 59, a biologist at the Max Planck Institute at Dresden University in Germany, was in Crete for a conference when she disappeared. Her body was found a week later.A mother-of-two, she usually ran for 30 minutes every day, according to the "Searching for Suzanne" Facebook page set up when she went missing. 1817

Spring is just days away! That means a lot of people are gearing up to “spring clean” their homes. But it’s also a great time to “spring clean” your health!One of the best parts about spring: more sun shine. "Having sun exposure before noon is scientifically proven to help you with mood and sleep,” says Dr. Kate Johnson, a family medical practitioner. Dr. Johnson says sunblock is a must for your skincare regimen, and the higher the SPF the better. "Even though we can get vitamin D from the sun, we can take that in a supplement to protect our skin," she says. Come spring, there are plenty of new fruits and vegetables in season, including apricots, asparagus, strawberries and artichokes. Unfortunately, when nature is in full bloom, that means allergies are, too. So, before they strike, stock up on nasal sprays. "You want to hop on those right now,” Dr. Johnson says. “I recommend dosing them at bedtime." When taking care of your health this spring, it’s a good time to ditch the “I can’t exercise” mentality. "If you are not an avid exerciser currently, I recommend starting with walking,” Dr. Johnson recommends. “[It’s] a fantastic way to go, and I like to tell my patients to start with 5 minutes is a great start, and we can build as we go." Remember, no matter the season, sleep is key! Don't let anything come between you and rest. Dr. Johnson recommends putting you phone down before sleep, as it can interfere with falling asleep. 1466

Sen. Bernie Sanders stood in the middle of Tuesday's debate stage as the clear frontrunner of Democratic nominating race, a position he has only ascended to in recent weeks. Standing in the middle put Sanders on the defensive, especially from more moderate candidates such as Mayors Michael Bloomberg and Pete Buttigieg. According to an 349

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