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The 2019 Nobel Prize for Medicine has been jointly awarded to William Kaelin Jr., Sir Peter Ratcliffe and Gregg Semenza for their pioneering research into how human cells respond to changing oxygen levels.Announcing the prize at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm on Monday, the Nobel committee said that the trio's discoveries have paved the way for "promising new strategies to fight anaemia, cancer and many other diseases."The 2019 medicine laureates, the committee added, have identified molecular machinery that regulates the activity of genes in response to varying levels of oxygen.The importance of oxygen has long been established, the committee explained, but how cells adapt to changes in its levels remained unknown.Randall Johnson, prize committee member, described the trio's work as a "textbook discovery.""This is something basic biology students will be learning about when they study, at aged 12 or 13, or younger, biology and learn the fundamental ways cells work. This is a basic aspect of how a cell works and, from that standpoint alone, it's a very exciting thing."The winnersNew York-born Kaelin established his own research laboratory at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston and became a full professor at Harvard Medical School in 2002.Semenza, also born in New York, became a full-time professor at Johns Hopkins University in 1999 and since 2003 has been the Director of the Vascular Research Program at the Johns Hopkins Institute for Cell Engineering.Ratcliffe, who was born in Lancashire, England, studied medicine at Cambridge University and established an independent research group at Oxford University, becoming a full professor in 1996. 1694

The Los Angeles sheriff says gun shops are not essential businesses and he ordered them to stop selling to the public. The move by Sheriff Alex Villanueva on Tuesday enraged Second Amendment advocates, who said they planned to challenge it in court. Los Angeles County, the nation’s largest county with 10 million residents, enacted a stay-at-home order last week requiring all nonessential businesses to close. The sheriff says what he described as a “loophole” allowed gun shops to stay open and many attracted long lines of customers. Villanueva said the order was only meant to keep open businesses that support police departments and other security organizations.California is under a "stay-at-home" order amid the spread of coronavirus. The order requires non-essential businesses to effectively close in order to slow the spread of the virus. 862

The maker of the video game Fortnite is being sued by two parents in Canada who claim the game is as addictive as cocaine. The parents are claiming software development company Epic Games used psychologists to design "the most addictive game possible."Fortnite is one of the most popular games among kids. Eight-year-old Rayline Brassert and her friends are hooked“People always brag about Fortnite,” said Rayline. “Like when they always come to school and brag about it.”Rayline’s mother says it can be a challenge to get her daughter to stop playing. “There’s like this switch that goes off and if she’s not allowed to do something and she’s a completely different person and you gotta pull her back to reality,” said Natalie Brassert.Fifteen-year-old Gavin Probst says he plays Fortnite nearly every day and admits he can spend a little too much time in front of the screen. “It’s real easy to lose time. I’ve personally gone overboard many times,” said Gavin. His mother, Christine, also notices a change in her son when he starts playing the game. “You can just sort of tell their attitudes get a little bit more short, they can be a little bit more cranky,” said Christine. Dr. Russell Schilling with the American Psychological Association has worked with game developers but wasn’t involved with Fortnite. “They’re creative people and whether psychologists are involved or not, what they’re trying to do is make the game as engaging as possible,” said Dr. Schilling. “They want you to play it, they wouldn’t make money if they weren’t.”Schilling feels there’s not enough research to show video games are addictive, even though the World Health Organization made video game addiction an official mental health disorder.“Many things can become addictive,” said Schilling. “There are many factors for why that may happen but there may not be anything specifically about video games that’s unique – we just don’t know at this point.”As for the lawsuit, Epic Games won’t comment on pending litigation but Fortnite has nearly 250 million users worldwide. 2067

The once mighty brands of Sears and Kmart are continuing to slowly disappear as Sears announced on Thursday the closure of 96 additional stores. The 96 locations, which are a mixture of Kmart and Sears branded stores, are set to close by February. The closing locations will have going out of business sales starting on Dec. 2. The footprint of Sears and Kmart will further shrink by one third with this round of closures, leaving fewer than 200 total locations nationally between the two brands. This announcement comes less than a year after more than 200 Sears and Kmart locations closed. While other retailers in recent years, such as Toys 'R' Us and RadioShack have faded away, Sears' demise would mark the end of an industry titan. The company was at one time the nation's largest retailer, selling items as small as earrings, to as big as houses. The announcement does not impact the nearly 400 locations that operate as Sears Hometown or Sears Outlet locations, which feature appliances and electronics. To see which locations are closing, click 1066

The CEO of Wawa is apologizing after the convenience store chain became a center of a massive data breach.According to an open letter from Wawa CEO Chris Gheysens, the company discovered malware on Wawa's payment processing servers between December 10 and 12 of 2019. Gheysens said in the letter that the same malware affected customer payment card information used "at potentially all Wawa locations beginning March 4, 2019 and until it was contained."The malware accessed customers' payment card information, including credit and debit card numbers, expiration dates and cardholder names at potentially inside the store and at the self-serve pumps, according to Wawa."At this time, we believe this malware no longer poses a risk to Wawa customers using payment cards at Wawa, and this malware never posed a risk to our ATM cash machines," Gheysens said in the letter.Wawa said although the dates may vary and some Wawa locations may not have been affected at all, the malware was present on most store systems by mid April of 2019. Wawa said the malware has been blocked and contained on December 12, 2019.What You Can DoWawa says customers whose information may have been involved in the breach should review their payment card account statements. Customers should also register for identity protection services, Wawa said. You can 1347

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