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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — It’s one of the few drugs shown to help fight the novel coronavirus, and a large federal study on remdesivir just entered a new phase.Previous research sponsored by the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Disease showed remdesivir shortened recovery time in hospitalized COVID-19 patients on average from 15 days to 11 days.Now scientists and doctors are racing to find the perfect cocktail against COVD-19 by blending remdesivir with other drugs.California-based Gilead Sciences originally developed the drug to fight Ebola, but remdesivir was never approved. Gilead Sciences has offices in Oceanside.The drug works by interrupting the virus’ ability to replicate.“Remdesivir acts by shutting down virus production,” said Dr. Peter Chin-Hong, an infectious disease expert at University of California San Francisco. “It just forces the virus to stop making virus children.”Dr. Chin-Hong is studying remdesivir as part of the NIAID research.The problem is that stopping the virus from replicating isn’t enough for some severely ill patients. They suffer from a second problem: massive inflammation from the immune system’s war with the virus.That’s why scientists are trying a cocktail approach.“You have the virus to take care of, but you also have the body's response to the virus, which is inflammation, that you also have to take care of,” said Dr. Chin-Hong.Researchers started testing the first drug cocktail in May, using an arthritis drug called baricitinib that tames inflammation.But as the data on that part of the study gets crunched, researchers began testing the second cocktail this month, a combination of remdesivir and interferon beta.“Interferon beta is something we produce naturally to fight viruses,” said Dr. Chin-Hong. He said studies have shown people who don’t produce enough interferon beta struggle to fight off the virus.Researchers selected interferon beta after two small studies showed promising results against the coronavirus.Interferon beta can both reduce inflammation and kill viruses, so doctors are hoping it will be a potent one-two punch with remdesivir.Dr. Chin-Hong said he and other researchers started administering the new cocktail this month.Some patients will receive the cocktail, some will receive a placebo, and some will get remdesivir only. This kind of clinical trial is called an adaptive trial, which the FDA started encouraging in 2004. After each phase, the winning drug or cocktail will be tested against a new challenger.Dr. Chin-Hong said the eventual cocktail may include three or more drugs, similar to HIV medication. 2617

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Loved ones are speaking out more than a week after a bloody melee that injured eight guards at Donovan state prison in Otay Mesa.The violence erupted two Sundays ago, around 4 p.m., inside the recreation yard. Corrections officials say there were about 20 inmates in the yard when one of them attacked a guard. His fellow guards rushed to help. In the mayhem that followed, four inmates allegedly assaulted guards. Six of the guards suffered stab wounds.Christina Armstrong's longtime boyfriend, correctional officer Malcolm Billingsley, was in the middle of it."The best way I hear him describe it is a 'melee, just chaos' ... There was so much going on, it was hard for him to pinpoint each action that was taken," said Armstrong.Corrections officials say a warning shot by one of the guards ended the altercation. As the guards were rushed to hospitals, news filtered out to loved ones."It was frightening not knowing for several hours what was going on. It was terrifying," said Armstrong.Billingsley was not stabbed, but suffered a back injury and possible nerve damage to his hand."It's hard for him to everyday things. He can't take care of our son, let alone play with him. He's in a lot of pain," said Armstrong.His fellow guard Roland Milan was stabbed in the face and suffered a brain bleed. His wife Marcy says he's had four plates inserted into his face."A stab wound to the face, to the mouth area. All his upper teeth were knocked out," she said.Sources say in all, eight guards were injured, including one with a fractured bone in his back.Armstrong says because of an ongoing investigation, she can't reveal details of the melee, but says the guards fought hard for their lives and the lives of their fellow guards."They are all heroes. Malcolm went to work that day to carry out his duty as a correctional officer an he became a victim but his strength and courage allowed him to come home a hero," said Armstrong, choking back tears.Corrections officials say the four inmates could face attempted murder charges.Gofundme campaigns have been set up for both Milan and Billingsley to help with expenses. 2147

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- It's a question some are grappling with as COVID-19 cases surge across the country.In June, a woman posted a picture of a San Diego barista on Facebook with the caption "Meet Lenen from Starbucks who refused to serve me cause I'm not wearing a mask. Next time I will wait for cops and bring a medical exemption."Someone started a GoFundMe for the Starbucks barista who went viral and has raised 0,000 in donations.Also last month, a woman went on a tirade after being asked to wear a face covering in a Trader Joe's store in North Hollywood.There's no shortage of stories about public debates over face masks.RELATED: New UCSD finding: Wearing masks significantly curbs spread of COVID-19In California, people are required to wear face coverings in most indoor settings and outdoors when physical distancing isn't possible.According to a Pew Research Center study conducted in early June, "Overall, 65% of U.S. adults say that they have personally worn a mask in stores or other businesses all or most of the time in the past month, while 15% say they did this some of the time. Relatively small shares of adults say they hardly ever (9%) or never (7%) wore a mask in the past month, and 4% say they have not gone to these types of places."Reporter Adam Racusin spoke with two doctors in different parts of California to get their take on masks."The primary purpose of wearing a face covering is to protect other people in case you're one of the probably significant number of people who are shedding the virus and not have symptoms," said Dr. Dean Winslow, a professor of medicine at the Stanford University Medical Center.Winslow said the risk of coming into contact with the virus is higher when in indoor settings.RELATED: Some San Diegans push for end of San Diego County face mask requirement"Historically, the major outbreaks we've seen we know where the point source is, and have almost always been indoors," he said."Eventually, the people around us, how healthy they are, is going to come back to haunt us," said Dr. Jyotu Sandhu, Family Medicine, Sharp Rees-Stealy Medical Group. "So we need to look at mitigating the risk for everybody, and masks – regardless of the type – can reduce the risk of spread.”Sandhu said the goal is to lessen or reduce the spread of COVID-19."They (people) want to hear a black or white answer, are masks good, or are they not good, are they protecting me? Are they not protecting me? And it's really a gray area," he said. "They are protecting you, but they are not 100 percent preventative."So, what's behind the decision not to wear a mask, and what are people thinking?RELATED: 8 mask hacks to follow rules while staying comfortable"What we're talking about is the curtailing of folks’ freedom," said Dr. Saurabh Gupta with Southern Californian Psychology Centers.Gupta said some of the factors influencing decisions are world experience, how people see their political leaders, and social responsibility."It's worth looking at people on kind of a spectrum," he said. "So there's some people who really appreciate the mask and recognize that their social responsibility dictates, they really care about other people, they want to make sure that if inadvertently they are infected they don't want to pass it on to anyone, gosh they would feel terrible about that. Then you have folks on the other end who just don't want their freedom curtailed in any way. They don't want to be told what to do, and to cover their face feels very personal. And then you have folks everywhere in between in that spectrum. They will say, alright, I'll put up with this if I have to, but as soon as I don't have to or I'm not being told to it's coming off because I don't like it on my face.”In a UCSD campus-released article titled "To wear a mask or not, is not the question; Research indicates it's the answer," Chemistry Nobel Laureate and UCSD Professor Mario Molina shows the data does not lie.A pivotal point of the study was when they looked at the numbers in Italy and New York after their respective mask mandates went into effect on April 6, 2020, and April 17, 2020. It was only then that the spread of viral air particles slowed drastically. 4211

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Local high school students who are trying to take the ACT college admissions exam say that their test dates keep getting canceled because of the pandemic. ABC10 News discovered that some frustrated students are planning to drive or fly to other cities to take the exam in time for college applications.“It's just been a very unsure time,” said Betsy Mains on Wednesday. Her daughter, Chelsea, is already feeling the stress of starting her senior year at University City High School through a remote learning program. Mains said that’s now compounded by fears associated with getting her ACT test done in time to apply for college. “These tests are required for a lot of the applications and a lot of the scholarships,” she added.“The communication's just been very poor. They've had to cancel tests. They didn't tell folks they were canceled. Their website crashed,” Michael Coleman told ABC10 News on Wednesday. His daughter, Sam, is about to be a senior at Canyon Crest Academy.She’s facing a similar challenge. Both students' families say their ACT tests have been canceled and rescheduled multiple times because of a lack of testing sites.“The first thing that I could find that was remotely possible for her was in December here in San Diego. That’s problematic because the college application process starts before then,” said Coleman. He told ABC10 News that parents have been looking for test sites in other cities.“I started putting in different zip codes to see if I could find something somewhere else. I eventually did get one in San Bernardino,” said Mains. “I found something in the Magic Mountain area a little sooner than December,” added Coleman.On Wednesday, the ACT sent ABC10 News the following information:Summer testing:In general, COVID-19 severely impacted testing centers’ capacity for spring and summer test dates. We rescheduled our planned April test date to June, and due to the demand and adherence to local and public health guidelines and social distancing requirements, the June and July test dates operated at limited capacity (i.e. limited seats for test-takers). Our teams performed a massive manual outreach campaign to thousands of test site administrators to better understand which sites were open and prepared to administer the test in a COVID-19 environment in line with local public health guidelines, knowing that conditions could change quickly in certain locations where the virus was surging.Our top priority is to provide testing opportunities for all who wish to pursue a path to college and career. We were able to provide makeup tests in certain locations for those impacted by last-minute cancellations and have added additional test dates [leadershipblog.act.org] to our regular national testing schedule this fall. COVID-19 has created many challenges for large-scale testing.We’re working to accommodate the demand and serve our customers, while acknowledging that seat and site capacity is subject to change, due to the changing nature of COVID-19. We’re in the process of adding additional seats to MyACT and encourage students to check back this week as seats in sites across the nation are added.MyACTWe know students are in need of scores and we are working hard to accommodate the extreme demand for seats in this unknown environment. We experienced some site degradation on Monday, July 27 due to high user volume and took MyACT down to improve system performance. We reopened the site this Monday, August 3 after automatically registering many class of 2020 and 2021 seniors impacted by summer test cancellations for our September national test dates.What we're doing for seniors + adding capacity:The majority of registered test-takers for June and July test dates were class of 2021 seniors. To help those rising seniors—impacted by summer test date cancellations and closures—meet their scholarship and application deadlines, we’re working to provide an accelerated fall registration experience. To the best of our ability, class of 2020 and 2021 seniors impacted by April, June and July cancellations have been placed in seats at sites that are currently open. Some of these students could not be automatically registered for fall test dates but we are doing everything we can to secure additional space for students who will need more options.In addition to the changes we’ve already made to add more capacity (opening up our Sunday testing to all students and adding new test dates [leadershipblog.act.org] in September and October), here are a few more examples of what we’re working on:? Pop-up sites in areas most affected by cancellations.? Partnering with commercial testing companies to share their already-existing space within communities.? Working with state Boards of Regents, colleges, and universities to help them administer “On-Campus Testing” for their students.? Working with school districts to help them become an ACT test site for their students (these are called unlisted test centers and are not available on MyACT. 5032

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Local research organizations and San Diego County are teaming with the CDC to expand the genome sequencing of COVID-19. That data gives county leaders important information to drive decision-making to help slow and control the spread of the virus.“The virus is constantly evolving and trying to figure out the best way to spread through our population. And is it does that, it changes a little bit,” said Dr. Louise Laurent a professor at UC San Diego, which is part of the team, along with Scripps Research.Laurent says that studying changes in the virus can help identify which cases are connected to each other and which are not. The county can use that information to understand what measures are working, where there are significant outbreaks, and whether new measures are needed to stop those outbreaks.The county’s top epidemiologist, Dr. Eric McDonald, tells ABC 10News that the data shows that through testing and contract tracing, efforts to control outbreaks have generally been effective. “It looks like many of the instances of individuals who are infected don’t result in too many other infections. We don’t have lots of big clusters of the same exact strain,” McDonald said.The data also shows that while the restrictions and actions taken by the county have been effective in controlling outbreaks, COVID-19 continues to spread in San Diego through travel. “What we found is that San Diego has been hit many different times and viruses from other places have come to San Diego,” Laurent said. “We don’t want to be an isolated place. We want to interact, right? We’re just that kind of place. It makes us vibrant. It makes us an interesting place to be. But that also makes us vulnerable.”The research team recently received a .5 million contract from the CDC to expand its work. 1823

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