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BEIJING, Dec. 2 (Xinhua) -- Medical experts and leaders from the world's leading orthopaedic societies on Friday called for the improvement of health insurance programs and medical care for people in developing countries."Health care should reach the unreached," said Professor H.K.T. Raza, president of the Asia Pacific Orthopaedic Association (APOP), at the Sixth International Congress of Chinese Orthopaedic Association (COA), which is running from Thursday to Sunday in Beijing."If we really want to improve people's well-being, we have to make health care available to those who have difficulty accessing it. Although that will probably be a very difficult task, we should try and do it gradually," said Professor K.M. Chan from the Prince of Wales Hospital in Hong Kong.Statistics from the Ministry of Health show that 1.27 billion Chinese, or 95 percent of the country's population, are covered by basic medical insurance programs.However, private medical insurance accounts for less than 2 percent of the country's health care financing, while private insurance in other countries stands at an average of 20 percent."With the increasing demand for quality health care, there will be higher demand for commercial insurance. With more private health funding in the system, we can increase the quality," Prof. Chan said.Government health care expenditures should be directed toward those who can't afford health care at all, while commercial insurance should cover the needs of those who can afford to purchase it, Prof. Chan said."We need to have different approaches combined together to revamp the current health insurance structure in China," he said."If you want to raise the quality of health care, you need to have the responsibility from the government, the individuals and the insurance system," he added.While China may need to promote its commercial health insurance, in India, the situation is different. Though many medical tourists choose India as their destination for affordable care, health insurance is uncommon in the country.While patients typically pay out of their own pockets for routine care, it is estimated that over 300 million Indians out of a population of 1.2 billion still live on less than one U.S. dollar per day.

BEIJING, Dec. 12 (Xinhuanet) -- For many multinational firms, the past 10 years in China have not only marked the rise of the world's second-largest economy but have also been a decade of expansion and profit growth.As they look back at this "golden decade", which is often used to describe the days after China entered the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, their early expectations and ambitions in a more liberalized Chinese market were found to be more than fulfilled.When German auto giant BMW set foot on the Chinese mainland by establishing its first office in Beijing in 1994, its products were still far too luxurious for ordinary Chinese.In 2001, only 6,500 vehicles were sold under the BMW and Mini brands in China.NYK Diana, a container ship, anchors at Qingdao Port in East China's Shandong province on Thursday, as workers load cargo.But sales started to pick up with China's WTO entry, when the removal of trade barriers brought unprecedented economic growth and a booming market.In 2010, the vehicle maker, which started a joint venture with the domestic Brilliance China Automotive in 2003, sold 169,000 vehicles in China.That record is set to be broken this year as more than 170,000 cars were sold only in the first three quarters."We are both beneficiaries and firm supporters of the open market system," said Christoph Stark, president and CEO of BMW's Greater China region.By liberalizing its market, China, which celebrated the 10th anniversary of its WTO accession on Sunday, has become a thriving market and a savior for foreign enterprises hit hard by the global downturn.In 2009, when General Motors declared bankruptcy in the United States amid the global recession, its Chinese branch saw sales rise 66.9 percent year-on-year to more than 1.8 million units.In 2010, China overtook the United States to become GM's largest national market.The list of similar companies is extensive, as China's decade-long membership of the WTO has helped the Asian powerhouse attract 347,000 foreign firms with investment of more than 0 billion in the past 10 years.Chong Quan, deputy representative for China's international trade talks, said foreign enterprises made more than 0 billion in profit in the 10-year period, with an average annual increase of 30 percent."The accession to the WTO has made China a more transparent, safe and predictable market, as well as an essential part of the global economy," said Dominique Poulique, president of Alstom China.The French power engineering and train company, with more than 30 entities and about 10,000 employees in China, is one of the major foreign suppliers to the Chinese rail transport market."Rapid changes took place in China in the past decade, with its massive investment in infrastructure construction and notable development in energy," Poulique said.Wang Zhile, director of the research center of transnational cooperation under the Ministry of Commerce, said increasing shared interests between China and multinationals are putting them into an inseparable community, one that has found win-win solutions in the past decade.There is also high-quality labor at a relatively low cost, including white-collar workers, he added.Admittedly, the huge market and rich resources have powered up multinational firms in global competition, especially during and after the financial crisis.Forty-nine percent of the responding multinational companies had higher expectations for China in the wake of the global financial crisis in 2008 and 2009, according to a recent survey by the Economist Intelligence Unit, a business information arm of the Economist Group.Although showing signs of a slowdown, China's economy is still widely expected to grow by more than 8 percent next year, at a time when debt and financial instability are weakening growth in other leading economies.Poulique said he expected China's rapid growth to continue into the next decade, especially in the infrastructure construction market."For Alstom, the top task here is to keep adapting to the changing business environment," he said.Many foreign companies are moving research and development facilities to China in the hopes of making it a base for talent and technology.In Shanghai, 347 multinationals have set up regional headquarters, with the establishment of 333 foreign-funded research and development centers.

BEIJING, Nov. 27 (Xinhua) -- China's industrial enterprises saw their profits increase 25.3 percent year-on-year in the first ten months of 2011, slowing down from the year's previously recorded figures, official data showed Sunday.Growth in the January-October period was 1.7 percentage points lower from that of the first three quarters, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) said in a statement.It marked a gradual downshift from the 34.3-percent year-on-year growth seen during the January-February period and the 28.7-percent growth seen during the first half of the year.Profits realized in the first ten months amounted to 4.12 trillion yuan (650 billion U.S. dollars), the NBS said.The NBS compiled the figures using data collected from a pool of industrial businesses with at least 20 million yuan in annual sales revenues each.In October alone, industrial profits expanded 12.5 percent year-on-year to 438.3 billion yuan, the NBS said.Among 39 industries surveyed, 36 sectors reported profit growth in the first ten months. The oil refining, coking and nuclear-fuel processing sector saw profit plunge 89.8 percent year-on-year.Private businesses posted the fastest profit growth, with a year-on-year rise of 44.3 percent, followed by collectively owned enterprises of 33 percent, equity-holding companies of 30.3 percent, state-owned enterprises of 16.6 percent and overseas-funded firms of 11.6 percent.China's industrial production growth rate will moderate due to economic turmoil in Europe and the United States and weakening domestic demand brought about by a tightened monetary policy, Huang Libin, an official with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said last week.China saw its economic growth slow to 9.1 percent in the third quarter of this year from 9.5 percent in the second quarter and 9.7 percent in the first quarter.

BEIJING, Jan. 17 (Xinhuanet) -- India has reported the first case of "totally drug-resistant tuberculosis," a long-feared and virtually untreatable form of the killer lung disease.Similar highly resistant cases have been noted before. In 2003, two Italian women died and there were 15 cases reported from Iran in 2009. That same year, The Associated Press reported on a case of a Peruvian teenager who was infected at home but diagnosed while visiting Florida.Such kind of TB has mostly been limited to impoverished areas, and has not spread widely. But experts believe there could be many undocumented cases.No one expects the Indian TB strains to rapidly spread elsewhere.The airborne disease is mainly transmitted through close personal contact and isn't nearly as contagious as the flu. Indeed, most of the cases of this kind of TB were not from person-to-person infection but were mutations that occurred in poorly treated patients.The Indian hospital that saw the initial cases tested a dozen medicines and none of them worked. A TB expert at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said they do appear to be totally resistant to available drugs."It is concerning," said Dr. Kenneth Castro, director of the CDC's Division of Tuberculosis Elimination. "Anytime we see something like this, we better get on top of it before it becomes a more widespread problem."Ordinary TB is easily cured by taking antibiotics for six to nine months. However, if that treatment is interrupted or the dose is cut down, the stubborn bacteria battle back and mutate into a tougher strain that can no longer be killed by standard drugs. The disease becomes harder and more expensive to treat.Tuberculosis is an age-old scourge that lies dormant in an estimated one in three people. About 10 percent of those people eventually develop active TB, which kills roughly 2 million a year, according to WHO. Each victim infects an average of 10 to 15 others every year, typically through sneezing or coughing.If a TB case is found to be resistant to the two most powerful anti-TB drugs, the patient is classified as having multi-drug-resistant TB (MDR). An even worse classification of TB — one the WHO accepts — is extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR), a form of the disease that was first reported in 2006 and is virtually resistant to all drugs.About 20 percent of the world's multi-drug-resistant cases were found in India, which is home to a quarter of all types of tuberculosis cases worldwide.

WASHINGTON, Nov. 10 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has sent warning letters to more than 1,200 retailers, the majority of which respond to violations relating to selling tobacco to minors, as part of its ongoing effort to reduce tobacco use among children, the agency announced Thursday in a statement.The FDA said that while most retail establishments have been found to be in compliance with the law, some retailers are still selling cigarettes and smokeless tobacco to minors. Warning letters may be followed by civil money penalties if retailers continue to violate the law."It should worry every parent that 20 percent of U.S. high school students smoke cigarettes," said FDA Commissioner Margaret Hamburg in a statement. "President Obama and the FDA are committed to preventing children from smoking. For many young people, that first cigarette or use of smokeless tobacco will lead to a lifetime of addiction, and for many, serious disease. More than 80 percent of adult smokers begin smoking before 18 years of age. Retailers are vital partners in the FDA's efforts to prevent tobacco use among kids."Obama signed the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act that gives the FDA authority to regulate tobacco products to prevent use by minors and reduce the impact on public health. One of the law's provisions permits the FDA to contract with states and territories to conduct compliance check inspections of tobacco retailers. In 2011, the FDA awarded compliance contracts totaling more than 24 million U.S. dollars to 38 states.The FDA also began inspecting U.S. tobacco product manufacturers in October 2011. This is the first time tobacco product manufacturing facilities have ever been inspected by a federal public health agency.