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LOS ANGELES, June 5 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have developed two new drugs that can prolong the lives of patients with advanced melanoma, it was announced on Sunday.Research on both drugs was presented at the on-going annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology in Chicago, according to HealthDay News.This is the first big news in years for treatment of melanoma, one of the deadliest forms of skin cancer and one that is notoriously difficult to treat, let alone cure, the report said.The first treatment, vemurafenib, inhibits a gene mutation harbored in half of all melanoma patients, but is not yet approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.The other drug, Yervoy (ipilumumab), is an immune system therapy that won approval in March."The March FDA approval of ipilumumab (Yervoy) was the first new drug approval for melanoma in 13 years," said Tim Turnham, executive director of the Melanoma Research Foundation.The two drugs were developed by researchers at Memorial Sloan- Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, the report said."This is really a huge step toward personalized care in melanoma," Dr. Paul Chapman, lead author of the first study and the attending physician in the melanoma/sarcoma service at Memorial Sloan-Kettering, said in a statement. "This (vemurafenib) is the first successful melanoma treatment tailored to patients who carry a specific gene mutation in their tumor, and could eventually become one of only two drugs available that improves overall survival in advanced cancers.""Having two trials that show a benefit in survival in patients with melanoma, both of these in first-line settings -- we weren't here just a few years ago," said Dr. Stephen Hodi, director of the Melanoma Center at Dana Farber Cancer Institute in Boston. "These are huge, paradigm-shifting results for the field."In the vemurafenib trial, sponsored by the drug's makers, researchers randomly assigned 675 patients with advanced, inoperable melanoma to receive either the chemotherapy drug dacarbazine or vemurafenib. Vemurafenib targets the V600E mutation in the BRAF gene.At the three-month mark, patients taking vemurafenib were 63 percent less likely to die and 74 percent less likely to die or see their cancer return, compared to patients taking dacarbazine alone.Few patients had side effects in the vemurafenib group, although some did develop squamous cell carcinoma, a less dangerous form of skin cancer.This is the first drug that has been proven superior to chemotherapy in this group of hard-to-treat patients, the researchers said."There was such a substantial benefit that we recommended that patients cross over," Chapman said at a Sunday news briefing. "It' s unprecedented to report a trial this early. The median follow-up time was three months." Yet the differences between the two groups became evident almost immediately.Dr. Lynn Schuchter, co-moderator of the briefing and division chief of hematology-oncology at Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, said symptoms subsided in some patients almost immediately, enabling them to cut back on pain medication in just 72 hours."The median time to progression with dacarbazine was 1.6 months versus three months with vemurafenib, which is a huge difference," said Chapman.In the second study, about 500 patients were randomly picked to receive Yervoy plus dacarbazine or dacarbazine alone.Those taking both drugs lived a median of 11.2 months compared to 9.1 months for those taking dacarbazine alone. Time to recurrence of disease was about the same for both groups: 2.8 months and 2.6 months, respectively.Almost half of those taking the combination therapy were alive after one year, compared to 36.3 percent in the other group. After two years, the rates were 28.5 percent and 17.9 percent, respectively.By three years out, 20.8 percent of those in the combination group were alive compared with 12.2 percent of those taking chemotherapy alone.This is the first study to combine chemotherapy and immunotherapy both safely and effectively.A study to test vemurafenib in combination with Yervoy has already begun, according to HealthDay News.

BEIJING, June 20 (Xinhuanet) -- American Cancer Society discloses that higher education appears to be a game changer when it comes to cancer, according to foreign media reports on Sunday. The research indicates that the gap is widening in cancer death rates between college graduates and those who only went to high school .Cancer death rates for those who didn’t finish high school are almost three times higher than those of college graduates. The gap was especially wide for lung cancer, but it was also palpably large for breast, colon, and prostate cancer. For lung cancer, the death rate was five times higher among the least educated Americans than the most educated.Ahmedin Jemal, ACS Vice President of Surveillance Research, said that higher smoking and obesity rates among lower-income Americans combined with less access to medical services mainly expounds the disparity.Researchers concluded that bridging the education-socioeconomic gap would have prevented about 60,000 premature cancer deaths in 2007 alone in people in the 25-64 age group.

WELLINGTON, Aug. 8 (Xinhua) -- A New Zealand study has found that people who work at least 50 hours a week can be up to three times more at risk of alcohol problems than people who work fewer hours.The study, conducted by the University of Otago, used data that followed more than 1,000 people born in Christchurch in 1977 through to age 30.Study leader Dr Sheree Gibb said it aimed to examine whether working hours were related to alcohol problems in early adulthood.Data from more than 1,000 participants at ages 25 and 30 showed a significant association between longer working hours and alcohol- related problems.Longer working hours were associated with higher levels of alcohol problems including frequent alcohol use and alcohol abuse or dependence.People who worked 50 hours or more on average a week were 1.8 to 3.3 times more likely to have alcohol-related problems than those who were not working, and about 1.2 to 1.5 times more likely to have alcohol-related problems than those who worked 30 to 49 hours a week.The higher risk of alcohol abuse for those who worked longer hours was evident in both men and women, according to the study.Gibb said the finding could suggest a need for consideration of policies and programs targeting individuals who worked long hours, with the aim of reducing rates of alcohol-related problems.The article had been accepted for publication by the UK-based journal Addiction.

BEIJING, June 7 (Xinhuanet) -- Sony Corp. on Monday unveiled its next generation portable gaming device, PlayStation Vita.The new PlayStation Vita will go on sale for 249 U.S. dollars, or 299 dollars for a 3G mobile version, starting in the holiday season, the Japanese electronics giant's No. 2 executive Kazuo Hirai told reporters on the eve of the E3 games convention.The device will allow gamers to be connected with one another over cellphone networks and Wi-Fi hotspots, and use GPS location-tracking technology. In the U.S., Sony is partnering exclusively with AT&T Inc. for cellphone service.Company executives have called the device Sony's biggest product launch since the PlayStation 3 five years ago."PlayStation Vita will revolutionize the portable entertainment experience," said Hirai. "The whole world is really in play."The handheld has front and back cameras, a touchscreen in front, a touch pad on the back and two knob-like joysticks. It will enable gamers to play against people using PlayStation 3 consoles over the Internet-based PlayStation Network.

KATHMANDU, Aug. 7 (Xinhua) -- Ban on smoking in public places will be enforced from Sunday with the Tobacco Control and Regulatory Act-2010 coming into effect.Those smoking in public places will be fined and civil servants will be liable to departmental action.Government offices, corporations, educational institutions, libraries, airports, public vehicles, orphanages, childcare centres, cinema halls, homes for the elderly, cultural centres, children's gardens, hotels, restaurants, resorts, girls' and boys' hostels, department stores, religious sites and industries have been designated no-smoking zones.Health Secretary Sudha Sharma said mass awareness campaign highlighting punishment will be carried out. She also said an inter-ministerial coordinating committee has been formed to enforce the law to ensure people's right to health. Pasting no- smoking notices at every public place will be mandatory.According to The Himalayan Times daily, the ban covers sale of tobacco products and single sticks within a 100-meter radius of educational and health institutions, children's homes, child care centers and home for elders.Anyone selling tobacco products to persons under the age of 18 years and pregnant women will be fined.The Act also prohibits advertising and sponsoring programs in the name of tobacco-related products through media. Offenders will be fined.The government's mass awareness campaign will cover the entire country to ensure effective implementation of the Act.