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WASHINGTON, D.C. – One of the most contentious battles in politics isn’t just the current battle for the White House, it’s also the upcoming battle over who could ultimately end up in the halls of Congress and state capitols everywhere, in a process called redistricting.“The basic idea underlying that system is that we should form a constituency with people who live near us,” said Charles Blahous, a senior research strategist at the Mercatus Center at George Mason University in Virginia.New district maps are created based on census population numbers every 10 years. Yet, those maps can end up getting distorted to favor one political party over another when gerrymandering comes in to play.“I think gerrymandering is of concern to most voters because it seems to violate the foundational principle of our representative system, which is that we are divided into districts geographically,” Blahous said.Geography is something gerrymandering throws out the window. Some of the unusual congressional district maps can end up looking like animals.There is Maryland’s Democratic 3rd district, which looks like a snake, stretching from Baltimore into counties south. There is also northern Ohio’s Republican 4th district, known as “the duck.”So, who designed these?“The Constitution gives the power to state legislatures to draw these maps,” Blahous said.Since politicians draw the maps, they can be skewed to favor a particular party or incumbent. However, they can also be used to favor people from a particular racial or ethnic group, who have often been under-represented in the halls of power, in order to comply with federal Voting Rights Act rules on representation.Still, there are now efforts to take the map drawing out of the hands of politicians.In Virginia, voters will decide this November whether an independent commission should be in charge of the process instead. There are other ideas emerging, too: like using artificial intelligence to make the maps.“It takes an enormous computer capacity, which was not there 30 years ago, and writing the programming to make that all happen is also not a trivial matter,” said political science professor Bruce Cain, director of the Bill Lane Center for the American West at Stanford University.Prof. Cain said he and a colleague, Prof. Wendy Tam Cho of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, believe an algorithm they’ve developed might be the best alternative for making fairer maps.“What you want to be able to do is take every plan and classify it and say, ‘yeah, this one's better for minorities, this one's better for compactness,’ but is there something that combines both of them?” he said.It is all part of the ongoing effort to make sure America’s representative democracy remains truly representative of the people. 2801
WASHINGTON (AP) — The number of migrants apprehended at the Southern border topped 100,000 for the second month in a row as the Trump administration manages an ever-increasing number of Central American families streaming to the U.S. that hardline policies have failed to stem.Border Patrol Chief Carla Provost told senators Wednesday that apprehension numbers were "off the charts," and she's had to divert agents to care for children. As she spoke, images of Border Patrol agents holding small children flashed behind her. In one, an agent feeds a little girl a bottle."We cannot address this crisis by shifting more resources," Provost said. "It's like holding a bucket under a faucet. It doesn't matter how many buckets we have if we can't turn off the flow."There were 109,144 migrants encountered in April, the highest since 2007, including more than 58,000 migrant parents and children and 8,800 unaccompanied children taken into custody, according to Homeland Security figures. Border apprehensions are a barometer for people coming illegally, and a data point President Donald Trump watches closely and rails against.Provost, a longtime border agent with more than 25 years of experience, said shifting resources will not address the crisis. She said she is worried about drugs and other contraband that is getting through as resources are moved to caring for children."I worry how much more is getting past us," she said. "We have been forced to put our national security at risk."Democratic senators said Trump's own failed immigration policies, including zero tolerance that led to family separations, helped contribute to the crisis at the border. Illinois Sen. Dick Durbin said Trump's immigration policies are cruel, unpredictable and ineffective.But lawmakers on both sides seem to agree more that there is a crisis at the border that needs to be resolved. Provost told senators at a Judiciary subcommittee hearing that border officials need laws changed to be able to detain families until their immigration cases are completed. She also said there needs to be changes to make it easier for children who have traveled alone to be returned to their countries. It's a similar refrain repeated by Homeland Security officials, including Acting Homeland Security Secretary Kevin McAleenan. The White House has asked for .5 billion more to help manage the number of migrants.Unauthorized border crossings have surged since the start of this year. In response, the U.S. government has made some asylum seekers pursue their cases while remaining in Mexico and dramatically limited how many people can request asylum at official crossings. An appeals court ruled late Tuesday that the administration could continue the program while litigation played out. Trump has also ordered agencies to consider charging fees to asylum seekers to pursue their cases once they enter.Administration officials have debated proposals to reduce how many immigrants pass their initial "credible fear" screening as part of the asylum process. Immigration agencies are considering toughening the standards of the interview and having Border Patrol agents conduct interviews instead of asylum officers due to a belief that the agents would be less sympathetic.Immigration agencies also allege that many adults and children who cross the U.S.-Mexico border are falsely posing as families so they can be released more quickly into the country. One practice they say is occurring is called "child recycling," in which immigrant youth pose as the children of multiple adults to get them through processing.Matthew Albence, acting director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, said agents in recent weeks have identified 65 adults and children as fraudulent. Agents uncovered one case of a 7-year-old girl from Guatemala whose mother sent her three times to help other adults enter, Albence said.Adults are also posing as teenagers to avoid being deported or sent to ICE detention, he alleged."We have individuals that are 23 that are posing as 16-year-olds," he said.ICE said last week that it would start a rapid DNA pilot program in which adults suspected of not being the parents of children accompanying them could voluntarily be tested for a familial relationship. Immigrant advocates say they worry expanded DNA testing could violate the privacy of migrant families and children and that some parents may not fully understand the process when they agree to it.___Associated Press writer Nomaan Merchant contributed to this report from Houston. 4550
WASHINGTON (AP) — The Trump administration Tuesday banned bump stocks, the firearm attachments that allow semi-automatic weapons to fire like machine guns and were used during the worst mass shooting in modern U.S. history. The regulation gives gun owners until late March to turn in or destroy the devices. After that, it will be illegal to possess them under the same federal laws that prohibit machine guns.Bump stocks became a focal point of the gun control debate after they were used in October 2017 when a man opened fire from his Las Vegas hotel suite into a crowd at a country music concert, killing 58 people and injuring hundreds more.The regulation was signed Tuesday by Acting Attorney General Matthew Whitaker. It will take effect 90 days after it is published in the Federal Register, which is expected to happen Friday.Bump stock owners will be required to either destroy them or surrender them to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, a senior Justice Department official said. It is impossible to know just how many bump stocks Americans own because the devices aren't traceable, but ATF has estimated that between 280,000 and about 520,000 have been sold since 2010.Investigators expect most owners will comply with the new rule and ATF will take action against those who don't, the official said. But there's no surefire way to know whether owners are complying. The official briefed reporters on condition of anonymity.White House Press Secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders said President Donald Trump was "once again fulfilling a promise he made to the American people." Trump had promised the ban in March, saying the devices "turn legal weapons into illegal machines."Shortly afterward, the Justice Department started the process of amending firearms regulations to define bump stocks as machine guns. ATF received about 186,000 comments on the proposal.The amended regulations reverse a 2010 ATF decision that found bump stocks did not amount to machine guns and could not be regulated unless Congress changed existing firearms law or passed a new one. In the aftermath of the Las Vegas shooting, some members of Congress sought to ban bump stocks, but no legislation was passed. At least 10 states have sought their own restrictions.The amended rule was met almost immediately with resistance from gun rights advocates, including Gun Owners of America, which said it would file a lawsuit against the Justice Department and ATF to protect gun owners from "unconstitutional regulations.""These regulations implicate Second Amendment rights, and courts should be highly suspect when an agency changes its 'interpretation' of a statute in order to impair the exercise of enumerated constitutional rights," the organization's executive director, Erich Pratt, said.The Justice Department official said the government will fight any legal challenge that may be broughtThe National Rifle Association called on the Justice Department to provide amnesty for gun owners who already have bump stocks."We are disappointed that this final rule fails to address the thousands of law-abiding Americans who relied on prior ATF determinations when lawfully acquiring these devices," said spokeswoman Jennifer Baker.Police said the gunman in the Las Vegas massacre, Stephen Paddock, fired for more than 10 minutes using multiple weapons outfitted with target scopes and bump stocks. Paddock fatally shot himself after the shooting. There were 23 assault-style weapons, including 14 fitted with rapid-fire "bump stock" devices, strewn about his 32nd-floor hotel suite at the Mandalay Bay casino-hotel.The largest manufacturer of bump stocks, Slide Fire Solutions, announced in April that it would stop taking orders and shut down its website. The remaining stock of the devices is now being sold by another company, RW Arms, based in Fort Worth, Texas. 3881
WASHINGTON, D.C. – Trump adviser Corey Lewandowski has tested positive for the coronavirus.Lewandowski recently traveled to Pennsylvania to assist the president’s efforts to contest the state’s election results. He said Thursday he believes he was infected in Philadelphia and he's not experiencing any symptoms.Lewandowski appeared with Trump lawyer Rudy Giuliani at an event last Saturday outside a landscaping company and lobbed unfounded accusations of voter fraud as the race was called for Trump’s challenger, now-President-elect Joe Biden.Lewandowski was also at the election night party at the White House last week linked to several virus cases.Numerous White House and campaign officials have tested positive in this latest wave of infections, including Trump chief of staff Mark Meadows.Republican and Democratic election officials nationwide have said publicly the election went well. International observers confirm there were no serious irregularities. 974
WASHINGTON (AP) — The Supreme Court is rejecting an appeal from environmental groups trying to stop President Donald Trump from building a wall on the U.S.-Mexico border, even as other legal action against the wall is ongoing.The justices on Monday left in place a ruling by a federal judge in San Diego who rejected challenges claiming that the Trump administration improperly waived laws requiring environmental and other reviews before construction can begin.The judge in the San Diego case was Gonzalo Curiel. Trump criticized Curiel during the presidential campaign for his handling of fraud allegations against now-defunct Trump University. Trump had already proposed a border wall and suggested the Indiana-born judge's Mexican heritage meant he wouldn't be fair to Trump in the fraud lawsuit. 808