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With many teachers opting out of returning to the classroom because of the coronavirus, schools around the U.S. are scrambling to find replacements and in some places lowering certification requirements to help get substitutes in the door.Several states have seen surges in educators filing for retirement or taking leaves of absence. The departures are straining staff in places that were dealing with shortages of teachers and substitutes even before the pandemic created an education crisis.Among those leaving is Kay Orzechowicz, an English teacher at northwest Indiana’s Griffith High School, who at 57 had hoped to teach for a few more years. But she felt her school’s leadership was not fully committed to ensuring proper social distancing and worried that not enough safety equipment would be provided for students and teachers.Add the technology requirements and the pressure to record classes on video, and Orzechowicz said it “just wasn’t what I signed up for when I became a teacher.”“Overall, there was just this utter disrespect for teachers and their lives,” she said. “We’re expected to be going back with so little.” When school leaders said teachers would be “going back in-person, full throttle, that’s when I said, ‘I’m not doing it. No.’”Teachers in at least three states have died after bouts with the coronavirus since the start of the new school year. It’s unclear how many teachers in the U.S. have become ill with COVID-19, but Mississippi alone reported 604 cases among teachers and staff.In cases where teachers are exposed to the virus, they could face pressure to return to the classroom. The Trump administration has declared teachers to be “critical infrastructure workers” in guidance that could give the green light to exempting them from quarantine requirements.Throughout Indiana, more than 600 teacher retirements have been submitted since July, according to state data. Although the state gets most of its teacher retirements during the summer, surveys suggest more retirements than usual could happen as the calendar year progresses, said Trish Whitcomb, executive director of the Indiana Retired Teachers Association.“I’ve gotten more (teachers) calling me back saying, ‘Well, I’m going to go ahead and retire,’” Whitcomb said. “Some still wanted to go back in the classroom, but they didn’t think the risk was worth it. They looked at their grandkids and the life they have, and I think they’re saying, ‘I’m just not going to do it.’”In Salt Lake County, Utah, the state’s most populated metropolitan area, more than 80 teachers have either resigned or retired early because of concerns about COVID-19 in schools. More than half of those happened in one of the county’s five school districts, Granite School District. All of the district’s teachers who left were fined ,000 for failing to give 30 days’ notice.Mike McDonough, president of the Granite Education Association teachers union, said the departures stem from frustration over how the schools have reopened. In Granite, most students will return to in-person instruction for four days a week, and there are few opportunities for teachers to instruct solely online.Some teachers waited until the last minute, hoping that the district would change its reopening plan. But checking out of the classroom was “the only way to keep themselves safe,” he said.“Teachers are still scared and overwhelmed,” McDonough said. “I have heard from teachers that are just heartbroken to leave the classroom, but they didn’t feel safe going back. They don’t want that level of risk, and they have no other choice but to get out.”Education leaders in states including Arizona, Kansas, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania and Texas have said they are bracing for worsening teacher shortages as the pandemic drives away some educators.To try to maintain staffing levels in classrooms, the Missouri Board of Education made it easier to become a substitute teacher under an emergency rule. Instead of the previous requirement — 60 hours of college credit — eligible substitutes now only need to obtain a high school diploma, complete a 20-hour online training course and pass a background check.Iowa responded similarly, relaxing coursework requirements and the minimum working age for newly hired substitutes.In Connecticut, college students have been asked to step in as substitutes. Michele Femc-Bagwell, director of the teacher education program at the University of Connecticut, said the school has been getting requests to use fifth-year graduate students as substitute teachers. Heavy class loads and internship responsibilities, though, limit their availability to one day a week.Many who work as substitutes are retired teachers such as 67-year-old Margaret Henderson, of Phoenix, who said she will not return as she had planned.“I don’t want to get called into a classroom where a teacher has called out because of the virus or to quarantine. ... And we know that’s going to happen more and more,” Henderson said. “There are still uncertainties about the safety of reopening the school buildings. Can you blame (substitutes) for not wanting to go in?”In rural Iowa’s Hinton Community Schools, Hinton High School Principal Phil Goetstouwers said the school is already down to a third of the substitute teachers it had last year. More than half of those are also willing to sub in other districts, he said, making it even more troublesome when teachers are absent.Allen Little, who retired as a math teacher in Sioux City, Iowa, this past spring, said the “complexities” of teaching during the pandemic made him decide to retire three years earlier than he had planned. Although he anticipated returning to work as a part-time substitute this fall, fears about the virus are holding him back. He encouraged his son, who is studying to be a social studies teacher and who considered getting experience as a substitute, to weigh the risks carefully.“We’re thinking about students, our schools, our community with every decision we make,” Little said. “But we also have to think about ourselves and our families. What’s best for us, maybe more and more of us ... is not being inside the classrooms right now.”___Associated Press Writer Pat Eaton-Robb contributed to this report from Hartford, Connecticut.___Casey Smith is a corps member for the Associated Press/Report for America Statehouse News Initiative. Report for America is a nonprofit national service program that places journalists in local newsrooms to report on undercovered issues. 6529

With millions of Americans getting tested for COVID-19 every single day, some are struggling with long waits for results.But now, researchers say there’s a much easier and faster way to test for the virus, and its right under your nose.“You scratch it, smell it, and then you have a choice of these different windows and you pick which one,” said Derek Toomre, Ph.D., a professor at Yale University School of Medicine.Toomre is part of U-Smell-It, a team that created a scratch-and-sniff app to help determine if someone has COVID-19 all through the sense of smell.“It's going to see how good your sense of smell is and if you do really well, you’ll pass,” Toomre said. “And if you don’t, it will say, ‘hey, you got something up.’”Despite being less accurate than a COVID-19 diagnostic test, this product is much faster and less costly. With results available in less than a minute and the cards costing 50 cents a pop, scientists say this smell app could outperform traditional tests at a fraction of the price.“We’re all familiar with the idea of testing people for fever as a way of finding people who have COVID,” said Roy Parker, Ph.D. a biochemistry professor at the University of Colorado, Boulder. “But that hasn’t worked very well.”Parker says with only about 20% of people with COVID-19 getting a fever, compared to 80% of people with COVID-19 reporting a loss a smell, a smell test is a much better indicator of COVID-19 infection than a temperature check.“It would make a big difference because you would identify people who have COVID, but they have such mild symptoms that they don’t know it and they’re out walking around potentially infecting other people and their family,” Park said.While commercially available, U-Smell-It is now looking for emergency FDA approval with the goal of getting their scratch-and-sniff cards into people’s hands and under their noses as quick as possible.“I can see people saying, ‘hey, this is not serious,’ and that’s fine, don’t take it serious,” Toomre said. “Let’s just try to do it and see if it works. And if you can’t smell that test and it’s saying, ‘hey, there’s something up’ well, you know, you should isolate and check out.” 2192

Whether planning necessary travel in the near term or fantasizing about vacationing in the ever-longer term, you might be curious how the coronavirus pandemic has affected airfare prices.We compared data from our points and miles valuations analysis to determine where and how airfare has changed since this time last year. We looked at the same routes, airlines and booking time frames for both 2019 and 2020, ensuring an apples-to-apples comparison.Although air travel has picked up significantly since the lows in April, the Transportation Security Administration is still reporting about 63% fewer daily screenings than this time last year. Has this drop in air travel demand led to a significant price drop?The short answer is: Yes, prices have fallen.Prices have dropped, but mostly in the short termThe average cost of a domestic round-trip ticket fell 23% in 2020, from 7 in 2019 to 4.This price drop is striking but not surprising given continued low demand. But the trend becomes stronger when breaking out the booking date data, with those made within 15 days dropping much further than bookings made six months in advance.The plot thickens.Airfare for long-term bookings has remained flat year over year. If you book a flight for six months from now, you’re likely to pay roughly the same price as you would have last year. But closer-in bookings, within 15 days, are not only far cheaper than they were in 2019 but also cheaper than long-term bookings.This turns conventional airfare-booking wisdom on its head. Usually, we would recommend booking flights as far ahead as possible to secure low fares. But booking too far in advance is now a recipe for getting fleeced.? Learn more: How to plan holiday travel for maximum flexibility in 2020What’s going on?The management of supply and pricing is usually an exquisitely orchestrated dance in which airlines ensure that every flight is filled to near capacity and every price is competitive. This usually means ramping up prices for nearly full flights at the last minute, when competition becomes stiffer.However, now that demand has dropped and airlines are actually falling over themselves to reduce flight capacity, the game has changed. Airlines are now competing with each other for last-minute bookings, which drives down prices. And they seem to be making up revenue by raising prices on longer-term bookings made by those few brave souls willing to plan in advance. In other words, it’s a buyer’s market for close-in bookings.Of course, these pricing dynamics, like everything this year, are liable to change by the week. If you’re thinking about booking a particular route, set up a price alert on Google Flights or another travel search tool and keep an eye on how the airfare winds are blowing.What do these unusual airfare trends mean for you? Keep it simple: Avoid booking months in advance, set up a price alert and try to shed the normal (and normally smart) habit of avoiding last-minute bookings.More From NerdWalletShould I Pay for My Hotel Using Cash, Points or Both?5 Travel Writers ‘Draft’ Their Favorite Airlines(How) Should I Travel for the Holidays?Sam Kemmis is a writer at NerdWallet. Email: skemmis@nerdwallet.com. Twitter: @samsambutdif. 3242

With a mask covering his face and his fingers playing a disinfected piano, musician Purnell Steen and his band, Le Jazz Machine, are back to doing what they love: playing music in front of a live audience, but now from a regulated distance.“It is a new learning experience for all us,” Steen said.After being shut down for months due to coronavirus concerns, Steen is back on his home stage at Dazzle in downtown Denver, one of the top 100 jazz bars in the world.“For the entire month of June, we did as much as much revenue as we used to do on a good Saturday,” said Matt Ruff, Dazzle general manager.Ruff says new safety guidelines that allow live music venues like his to operate are impacting his bottom line.“Capacity went from 50 to 100 people,” he said. “But it’s still 6-foot distancing between tables and the closest table to the stage has to be 25 feet away from the stage.”Though he’s thankful to reopen, Ruff is also questioning some of those safety measures, like no longer allowing wind instruments to be played on stage.“I think that’s based on faulty information,” he said. "People think that horns project something, but the science is just not there.”Some scientists, however, believe those brass instruments could hit a sour note when it comes to health.“You’re blowing from the lungs, so they are respiratory droplets and that’s the primary means by which this virus is transmitted,” said Sheryl Zajdowicz, Ph.D., a biology professor at Metropolitan State University of Denver.This infectious disease specialist says while live music could be good for the soul, social distancing could be even better for one’s health.“When you’re at a music venue, you’re kind of up against each other,” she said. “It’s going to be very challenging to limit that from happening.”That’s where Live Nation comes in.This entertainment group is now promoting “Live from the Drive-In,” a new live music experience where people can watch and listen to top artists from their own individual tailgate zones at outdoor concerts across the country.Back at Dazzle, fans say live music is what they need during this pandemic.And while the new normal on stage could be confining for artists, they believe live music will help calm emotions as the virus moves towards a crescendo.“If we can bring a few moments of joy to somebody than we have performed our mission,” Steen said. 2376

When it comes to things like the economy or the military, the United States is considered among the strongest countries in the world.But when it comes to education, the U.S. isn’t making the grade, says Dr. Tanji Reed-Marshall with the Education Trust, a Washington D.C.-based group that aims to pinpoint and fix problems and inequities in education.Through nationwide research, Dr. Reed-Marshall found fixing our schools’ funding could be the ticket to better curriculums, improving classroom leadership and creating quality education in America."It's really important for us to understand how we think through where dollars go," says Dr. Reed-Marshall.Dr. Reed-Marshall says the billion in federal funding is not enough and isn’t going to the right places."In this country, zip code still tells the story about what you're likely to receive and the quality of it," says Dr. Reed-Marshall.Teacher Chrystal Miller stresses the notion that all areas aren’t created equal when it comes to getting a piece of the education pie. If she had to give education funding an overall grade, she says it’d be a D or an F.Miller came from a rural public school in Arkansas to the Washington Leadership Academy, a public charter in D.C. She says the difference in zip code is night vs day, and it shouldn’t be that way."Schools and students should be funded based on their need and not necessarily because you're at this zip code or you have this kind of family background or this kind of economic status,” Miller says. According to research by the Education Trust, students who live in lower income areas get about ,800 fewer tax dollars per student.Dr. Reed-Marshall says tax dollars drive education dollars. She believes there needs to be equal distribution of the tax dollars to raise the U.S. to the top of the ranks and in order to create an even and quality playing field, regardless of where students live. 1919

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