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SAN DIEGO (KGTV)-- Protests around the nation have put police officers' less-lethal use-of-force under the microscope. A criminal justice professor explained the protocols taught in the Police Academy, and what is considered appropriate and excessive.La Mesa Police used tear gas against riotous protestors rushing Police Headquarters on May 30, 2020."These are things that are designed to get people's attention, to shock them, to say get back," former El Cajon police officer and now criminal justice professor, Kevin LaChapelle said.If the violent protestors disperse, LaChapelle said these less-lethal weapons are serving their purpose. He said in the Police Academy officers are taught to face threats using the "Force +1" method."If somebody is presenting a particular level of force towards me, I can respond with that force and then one more level to basically control the situation."According to the National Institute of Justice, there are five basic levels of "use-of-force" to diffuse a situation.1. It begins with officer presence, in which there is no use of force.2. Then come verbal commands, such as an officer asking for identification or telling someone to 'Stop!'3. The next level is empty-hand control, where an officer could grab, hold a person.4. Then come the less-lethal methods, including a baton, taser, projectile, sound, or chemical sprays.5. The last resort is lethal force or the use of a firearm.LaChappelle said officers primarily use projectiles to control riots. Pepper bullets are normally deployed onto the ground, and when they skid, they emit an uncomfortable spray. Sound, light, or rubber bullets are aimed at or below a person's torso, which can cause bruises. The same go with beanbags, which can be filled with anything from styrofoam to harder materials."When people say, 'This is too uncomfortable, and I can't handle this. I'm going to stop. I'm going to leave,' that is what you're hoping for," LaChapelle said.But to avoid these violent clashes, LaChapelle believes it is crucial to build relationships and dialogue between departments and the community."Lawlessness isn't the answer, but there has to be reform because what's worked in the past does not work for the future," LaChapelle said.ABC10News asked the La Mesa Police Department for its exact protocols for the use of projectiles during violent riots. They sent us a link to their less-lethal weapons manual. Its philosophy states: 2448

SAN FRANCISCO (AP) — A California state appeals court has thrown out the sole conviction against an immigrant who fatally shot a woman on the San Francisco waterfront in 2015.The 1st District Court of Appeal on Friday overturned a gun conviction against Jose Inez Garcia-Zarate because the judge failed to instruct the jury on one of his defenses.Garcia-Zarate was acquitted of murder in the killing of Kate Steinle, who was on a pier with her father when she was shot in the back in July 2015.The case of Garcia-Zarate, who was in the country illegally and had been deported five times, touched off a fierce immigration debate.He said he unwittingly picked up the gun wrapped in a T-shirt and it fired accidentally.Garcia-Zarate is in custody and facing federal gun charges. 783

SAN FRANCISCO (AP) — A federal count shows the number of homeless people increased by double-digit percentages in three San Francisco Bay Area counties over two years as the region struggled to tackle the growing problem, including 17% in San Francisco and 43% in the county that includes Oakland.More than 25,000 people were counted as homeless during an overnight tally conducted in San Francisco, Alameda and Silicon Valley's Santa Clara counties in January. Detailed reports are expected later this year."The initial results of this count show we have more to do to provide more shelter, more exits from homelessness, and to prevent people from becoming homeless in the first place," said San Francisco Mayor London Breed.The San Francisco Bay Area is grappling with a homelessness crisis driven in part by too little housing stock and a raring tech economy that has widened the inequity gap. In San Francisco, the median price of a two-bedroom home is .3 million and a family of four earning 7,400 a year is considered low income.The homelessness point-in-time count is conducted every two years and is required by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Los Angeles is expected to release its figures on May 31.Homelessness is an issue that has riven the Bay Area for years, with elected leaders pledging to do more to address it. However, controversies continually erupt over where to build homeless shelters. Residents of a wealthy San Francisco neighborhood, for example, are fighting the city's plans to erect a shelter along the waterfront Embarcadero area that is popular with tourists.In San Francisco, the number of people who were not sheltered surged 20% to nearly 5,200, driven largely by people who are living in cars. In Santa Clara County, which includes the city of San Jose, the homeless population increased 31% to about 9,700 this year. Alameda and San Francisco counties each counted more than 8,000 homeless.California Gov. Gavin Newsom has proposed giving cities and counties up to 0 million to build and expand emergency homeless shelters. He's also proposing million to help public colleges and universities house homeless students and million for legal aid for people facing eviction. 2252

SAN DIEGO (KGTV)-- Five San Diego Police officers were recognized for their exceptional bravery during the Las Vegas Massacre. Fifty-eight people died, and more than 400 others were injured in the 2017 shooting."When others run from danger, police officers run towards it," San Diego Police David Nisleit said, as he opened the awards ceremony at Miramar Air Station. On October 1, 2017, a group of San Diego Police officers was vacationing with their families in Las Vegas. They were enjoying their first year at the Route 91 Harvest Festival. But around 10 pm, the event turned deadly. "It probably wasn't fireworks or firecrackers. It wasn't just a shooting on the strip," Officer Thomas McGrath Jr. said. "We knew it was gunfire," Detective Michael Do said. "We just didn't know where it was coming from."The 1,100 bullets were fired from 32 stories up the Mandalay Bay Resort. That is when the eleven off-duty San Diego Police officers went from Vacation-mode to Action-mode. Officers Thomas McGrath, Mark Williams, Max Verduzco, Richard Barton, and Detective Michael Vo began shielding concert-goers, treating the wounded, and creating escape routes. For their heroic actions, the five men received the Department's highest decoration of bravery-- the "Medal For Valor.""I don't think I did anything special," Officer McGrath said. "I just did the same thing that I would normally do during patrol or what I have been trained to do."After helping the first group of people, Officer McGrath went back into the crowd and found Jonathan Smith, who had been shot in the neck. "I put as much fabric and shirt inside his neck to stop the bleeding," McGrath said. " I put pressure on it and did my best to get them out of that venue."He said the Department's tactical combat care training kicked it. It was an act that eventually saved Smith's life. "The bullet missed my carotid artery by a few centimeters, and it is still lodged in there," Smith said. He showed 10News his dark scar near his collar bone and said the bullet is still in a small pocket behind his heart. Without McGrath's quick actions, doctors told Smith, he would have died. Thursday, Smith drove from his home in Buena Park to not only attend the ceremony but to also give the "Lifesaving Medal" to his hero.Six other officers who were in attendance of the Route 91 festival also received recognition at Thursday's ceremony. Officers Caitlin Milligan, Eric Hansen, Bryan Johnson, William Hernandez Jr., Braden Wilson, and Detective Scott Gosnell were awarded the "Exceptional Performance Citation" for helping concert-goers escape from the venue.All of these heroic acts were made by San Diego Police Officers who were not in uniform at the time. They say the tragedy continues to inspire them to be proud members of the Department."I love my job. And I love the training that I get and being that person that can step up in times of need is always what I wanted to do," Officer Max Verduzco said. "Two years later, I still want to help people. And I think that event made me want to help more people. It made me proud to be a police officer," Det. Michael Do said. Smith told 10News the tragedy and Officer McGrath's actions inspired him to make a career change. He now works as a copier installer but hopes to one day pay it forward by becoming a law enforcement officer. 3353

SAN DIEGO, Calif. (KGTV) - For 250,000 San Diego County students, school is not just access to education, it is access to food.“We know that for many many of our students, the stable meal they can rely on each day is that breakfast and lunch they can normally get at school,” said SDUSD Trustee Richard Barrera.There are food distribution sites across the county where families can pick up meals for kids while school is not in session. These services will continue through the summer. While thousands are taking advantage of the food distribution sites, not everyone can physically get to the locations, so there is a new state resource to combat that.Pandemic EBT, or P-EBT, is available to students who are eligible for free or reduced price meals at school. Families can apply and get 5 per child on a card that can be used like a debit card at grocery stores or online. The money stays on the card for a year. That number was chosen based on an estimate of how much it would cost to feed a child through the summer.With about a million households applying in the first week, Anahid Brakke with the San Diego Hunger Coalition said there has been a delay with signing up, so anyone interested needs to have patience during the application process. She said it's currently taking about three weeks to process and warned that phone lines are currently backed up, adding that it could take until the end of July to process everyone.“If you apply, if you leave a voicemail, if you send an email, they are making their way through all of that. They’re hiring new staff at the state, they’re extremely committed to making sure everybody who is eligible get their card,” said Brakke.Families need to apply by June 30. If there is more than one child in a family, all of the money will come on one card and the oldest child’s name will be on the card.Barrera mentioned some of the feedback so far has been caution from families who are worried about sharing their information.“Some of our families have called us and said is this some sort of scam? Is somebody trying to get my information? No. Take advantage of this program. It’s meant to support you and your kids,” said Barrera.He said SDUSD is communicating this information through robocalls, so families should not be surprised if they get a voicemail with this information.Leaders also encouraged everyone to apply because families could be eligible if a parent recently lost a job or took a pay cut.According to a release, P-EBT was authorized under the Families First Coronavirus Response Act of 2020 which allows for states to apply to the USDA to run a P-EBT program to meet children’s nutritional needs. California’s P-EBT program was approved in April 2020 and began implementation in May 2020. 2764