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BEIJING, Jan. 22 (Xinhua) -- China restored 23,000 hectares of wetlands in 2011, according to the latest figures from the State Forestry Administration (SFA).An SFA spokesman said China reinforced wetland protection in 2011 by increasing subsidies in protecting wetlands. In the year the country carried out 42 wetland protection projects, increased 330,000 hectares of protected wetland areas, added four wetlands of international importance and 68 national wetland parks.The spokesman said in 2012 the country will further step up wetland protection and restoration, finish the second national wetland resources investigation and carry out pilot projects in assessing healthy conditions of the wetland ecological system.So far China has built more than 550 wetland natural reserves, 37 wetlands of international importance, which were listed in the Ramsar international wetland convention, and 100 national wetland parks. About half of the country's natural wetlands have been brought under effective protection, the SFA said.

WASHINGTON, Oct. 9 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have found a way to block, in an animal model, the damaging inflammation that contributes to many disease conditions. In their report receiving early online publication Sunday in Nature Biotechnology, researchers describe using small interfering RNA technology to silence the biochemical signals that attract a particular group of inflammatory cells to areas of tissue damage."The white blood cells known as monocytes play a critical role in the early stages of the immune response," says Matthias Nahrendorf, of the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Center for Systems Biology, the paper's senior author. "We now know there are two subsets of monocytes -- an inflammatory subset that defends against pathogens and a reparative subset that supports healing. But if the inflammatory response is excessive, it can block the healing process and exacerbate conditions such as heart disease and cancer."Cells damaged by injury or disease release a cocktail of chemicals called cytokines that attract immune cells to the site of the damage. Inflammatory monocytes are guided to sites of tissue injury by a receptor protein called CCR2, and the MGH-led team devised a strategy targeting that molecule to block the inflammatory process but not the action of the reparative monocytes.Small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology prevents production of specific proteins by binding to associated messenger RNA molecules and preventing their translation. However, the technique requires extreme precision in developing the right siRNA molecule and delivering it to the correct cellular location.To make sure that their siRNA preparation targeted the right monocytes, researchers first confirmed that its use reduced levels of CCR2 in monocytes and increased levels of the fragments produced when siRNA binds to its target. They then showed that monocytes from mice treated with the siRNA preparation were unable to migrate towards CCR2's usual molecular target. Experiments in animal models of several important diseases showed that the siRNA preparation reduced the amount of cardiac muscle damaged by a heart attack, reduced the size and the number of inflammatory cells in atherosclerotic plaques and in lymphomas, and improved the survival of transplanted pancreatic islets."These inflammatory monocytes are involved in almost every major disease," Nahrendorf explains. "Anti-inflammatory drugs currently on the market hit every inflammatory cell in the body, which can produce unwanted side effects. This new siRNA treatment doesn't affect inflammatory cells that don't rely on the CCR2 receptor. That makes a big difference."

LOS ANGELES, Oct. 3 (Xinhua) -- An organizer of the World Stem Cell Summit says one of the key problems medical researchers face these days is how to apply their findings in the real world."How do you take the phenomenal scientific research going on in labs and translate it into medical treatments,?" said Bernie Siegel, the founder and co-chair of the summit and executive director of the Genetic Policy Institute, which organized the event."It's a big job to do this, and more than just the science," Siegel said, noting that in a growing field now moving beyond basic lab research, the aim is to connect the people who do the work with those who finance it.The three-day summit, which opened Monday in Pasadena, features more than 150 top international speakers and 50 hours of programming with leaders from science, pharmaceutics, business, policy, ethics, law and other fields.The cell therapy industry, a "nascent" field, has emerged to be a potentially multi-billion business with unlimited potential, Siegel said.Stephen Dalton, a University of Georgia professor, reported that one of the biggest developments in stem cell research in the past year was the realization that cells can be transdifferentiated from one state to another without returning to a pluripotent state.Dalton said the principle was previously supported by a few isolated examples but it was not until 2010 that the idea was widely accepted.Mark Sussman, a professor from San Diego State University, called the identification of lung stem cells from human tissue samples capable of regenerating the highly complex and specialized structures of mature lungs a breakthrough in lung biology and regenerative medicine.He said results presented by the Anversa group in the New England Journal of Medicine demonstrate that human lung stem cells can be expanded in vitro and also retain the capacity to integrate into adult tissue upon introduction into mice.The study, Sussman said, has opened up an entirely new field of possibilities for lung regeneration and potential therapeutic applications for many conditions where treatment options are either very limited or nonexistent.

BEIJING, Dec. 30 (Xinhua) -- China's quality watchdog said Friday that the latest checks by testing organizations did not find excessive levels of aflatoxin in milk products made by Chinese dairies.The special checks were launched after the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) reported on Dec. 23 that two batches of milk products made by two separate domestic dairies, including heavyweight Mengniu Dairy Group, were found to contain high levels of the cancer-causing toxin.A brief statement on the government agency's website Friday said the checks have covered major makers, including Mengniu, Yili Industrial Group, Bright Dairy, and Sanyuan Food.An AQSIQ official said earlier the toxin had originated from cows eating mildewed feed, citing reviews by experts. The toxin would disappear if the animals stop eating the rotten feed, the official said.Aflatoxin is produced by a fungus that commonly grows on crops such as grain and peanuts. High levels of the toxin may lead to cancer in some animals.

SAN FRANCISCO, Oct. 4 (Xinhua) -- Apple Inc. on Tuesday unveils iPhone 4S, the much-anticipated latest generation of iPhone.At the event held at Apple headquarters in Cupertino, California, U.S., newly installed Chief Executive Officer Tim Cook took stage to give a general introduction of Apple's products, his first product presentation after taking over the reins from Steve Jobs in August.According to Apple, there are several key features that make the new iPhone 4S different from the current iPhone 4. With a 3.5- inch widescreen multitouch display, the new device features dual- core A5 processor, the chip used in the iPad 2, and a higher- resolution eight megapixel camera which can grab 73 percent more light and take a 1080p high-definition video.The battery can support internet use up to six hours on 3G network and nine hours on Wi-Fi, as well as talk time up to eight hours on 3G and 14 hours on 2G. U.S., newly installed Chief Executive Officer Tim Cook takes stage to give a general introduction of Apple's products, Oct. 4, 2011. Apple Inc. on Tuesday unveils iPhone 4S, the much-anticipated latest generation of iPhone.Based on the dual-antenna design of iPhone 4, Apple said that iPhone 4S can intelligently switch back and forth between them to send and receive, improving the reception and throughput on the device. The iPhone 4S is also a world phone, which means both GSM and CDMA network customers can roam internationally on GSM networks on a single phone. It also supports HSPA+, a 4G mobile technology that allows for data transmission speeds up to 42 Mbps.Another important feature is the new voice control called Siri, an intelligent assistant that helps users get things done just by asking questions, such as call people, reminders, compose and dictate email, weather, stocks, search web and etc..For example, Siri understands users who are looking for a weather forecast when they ask questions like "Do I need an umbrella today," "What's the upcoming forecast," and "Is the weather going to get worse today."The iPhone 4S will run the latest version of Apple's mobile operating system iOS 5, which will be available as free update next Wednesday. The new iOS 5 has more than 200 new features, such as a deep Twitter integration, Notification Center and iMessage, a new messaging service.The latest smartphone also comes with the launch of iCloud, Apple's cloud computing service which automatically and wirelessly store users' content and push it to all Apple devices from mobile devices and music players to desktops and notebooks. Apple will launch iCloud next Wednesday."iPhone 4S plus iOS 5 plus iCloud is a breakthrough combination that makes the iPhone 4S the best iPhone ever," said Philip Schiller, Apple's senior vice president of Worldwide Product Marketing. "While our competitors try to imitate iPhone with a checklist of features, only iPhone can deliver these breakthrough innovations that work seamlessly together," said Schiller, who led the iPhone 4S introduction at the Tuesday's event.The new iPhone 4S will start at 199 U.S. dollars with a storage capacity of 16 GB and 399 dollars for the 64 GB model. The pre- orders begin on Friday and the phone will ship next Friday. Apple said that iPhone will be in 70 countries and regions, on 100 carriers when the roll out is done. In the United States, along with AT&T and Verizon, iPhone 4S will also come to Sprint, the third-largest mobile-phone carrier in the country.