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MOSCOW, May 13 (Xinhua) -- The main and backup crews that will fly to the International Space Station in June have passed preflight tests and are ready for space travel, the Russian Cosmonauts Training Center said Friday.The main crew includes Russian cosmonaut Sergei Volkov, Japanese astronaut Satoshi Furukawa and American astronaut Michael Fossuma.A Russian spaceship Soyuz TMA-02M will send the crew to the space station on June 8, Interfax news agency reported.The backup crew includes members from Russia, the Netherlands and the United States.The crews were tested on the various emergency situations they could face during the flight.Next Monday, the commission will make a final choice of crewmembers for the launch.The crew will spend 161 days in orbit and conduct three space walks.

JERUSALEM, May 8 (Xinhua) -- Israeli researcher Jacob (Koby) Scheuer, from the Tel Aviv University (TAU) School of Electrical Engineering, has developed a nano-scale gyroscope, the Ha'aretz daily reported Sunday.Scheuer developed a new optic-fiber nano-sensor four years ago, along with an optic gyroscope that works in conjunction with the sensor. As he developed the devices, it occurred to him that his discovery could be harnessed to surgical needs, virtual reality, or communications, said the report."What we developed here is an optic gyroscope," Scheuer told Xinhua in a recent interview on Sunday, "like the others, but the breakthrough is that we found a way to measure rotation in a very, very small device using the optic sensor."Optic gyroscopes emit light when they rotate, and change its wavelength when there is any change in the speed of rotation, making it possible to measure velocity and position by the differences in light.Scheuer's gyroscope, however, is so small in comparison to the others commonly used in planes, trains and vehicles, that it can be used in cell phones or watches and does not need satellite connection like the ubiquitous Global Positioning System.The applications of this gyroscope and optic sensor are almost endless, as Scheuer puts it."It can be a pill that you swallow and can move through your body to take pictures or release drugs in a localized area," the researcher explained, "or it can be used by a doctor to operate on a patient who is thousands of kilometers away.""Our gyroscope has complete independent navigation capability, which the others don't have," he stressed.Though the new optic gyroscope works in theory, it still hasn't been tried in out in reality. "It will take some time until we can empirically demonstrate our work, I would say about three to five years," Scheuer added.Alongside the gyroscope, Scheuer continues to work on the optic sensor, whose applications can also be found in security, such as an information security system developed by Scheuer to safeguard online information that acts as a key bearer."When both parties have 'the key' it's virtually impossible to hack the information sent," Scheuer noted, terming the development as a "total paradigm change."

WASHINGTON, May 2 (Xinhua) -- Rice originated in China, a team of U.S. genome researchers has concluded in a study tracing back thousands of years of evolutionary history through large-scale gene re-sequencing.Their findings, which appear Monday in the latest issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), indicate that domesticated rice may have first appeared as far back as approximately 9,000 years ago in the Yangtze Valley of China. Previous research suggested domesticated rice may have two points of origin -- India as well as China.Asian rice, Oryza sativa, is one of world's oldest crop species. It is also a very diverse crop, with tens of thousands of varieties known throughout the world. Two major subspecies of rice -- japonica and indica -- represent most of the world's varieties. Sushi rice, for example, is a type of japonica, while most of the long-grain rice in risottos are indica.Because rice is so diverse, its origins have been the subject of scientific debate. One theory -- a single-origin model -- suggests that indica and japonica were domesticated once from the wild rice O. rufipogon.Another -- a multiple-origin model -- proposes that these two major rice types were domesticated separately and in different parts of Asia. The multiple-origin model has gained currency in recent years as biologists have observed significant genetic differences between indica and japonica, and several studies examining the evolutionary relationships among rice varieties supported more than domestication in both India and China.In the PNAS study, the researchers re-assessed the evolutionary history, or phylogeny, of domesticated rice using previously published datasets, some of which have been used to argue that indica and japonica rice have separate origins. Using more modern computer algorithms, however, the researchers concluded these two species have the same origin because they have a closer genetic relationship to each other than to any wild rice species found in either India or China.In addition, the study's authors examined the phylogeny of domesticated rice by re-sequencing 630 gene fragments on selected chromosomes from a diverse set of wild and domesticated rice varieties. Using new modeling techniques, which had previously been used to look at genomic data in human evolution, their results showed that the gene sequence data was more consistent with a single origin of rice.In the study, the investigators also used a "molecular clock" of rice genes to see when rice evolved. Depending on how the researchers calibrated their clock, they pinpointed the origin of rice at possibly 8,200 years ago, while japonica and indica split apart from each other about 3,900 years ago. The study's authors pointed out that these molecular dates were consistent with archaeological studies.Archaeologists have uncovered evidence in the last decade for rice domestication in the Yangtze Valley beginning approximately 8, 000 to 9,000 years ago while domestication of rice in the India's Ganges region was around about 4,000 years ago."As rice was brought in from China to India by traders and migrant farmers, it likely hybridized extensively with local wild rice," explained New York University biologist Michael Purugganan, one of the study's co-authors. "So domesticated rice that we may have once thought originated in India actually has its beginnings in China."

SAN FRANCISCO, April 5 (Xinhua) -- The appeal of tablet computer and electronic-book reader (e-reader) has been giving a boost to semiconductor market as sales of chips for such devices surged in 2010 and keeps growing, market research firm International Data Corp. (IDC) said on Tuesday.A new IDC report showed that worldwide revenues for media tablet and e-reader semiconductors grew by over 2,000 percent to 3. 3 billion U.S. dollars in 2010 as semiconductor suppliers enabled original equipment manufacturers to bring new products to market less than 8 months after Apple Inc. launched its iPad tablet.According to IDC's definition, media tablets are devices with color displays larger than 5-inch and smaller than 14-inch, running lightweight operating systems and able to be based on either x86 or ARM processors."The opportunity for semiconductors in media tablets and e- readers has exploded and semiconductor suppliers are scrambling to bring to market semiconductor and software platforms to enable these products," Michael Palma, a senior research analyst at IDC, said in a statement.Looking forward, IDC said it expects media tablet and e-reader semiconductor revenues to grow by 120 percent year over year in 2011, predicting that the market will be boosted by the arrival of a new version of Google Inc.'s Android operating system, dual core processors and increased bandwidth."For the next several years, we will see rapid innovation cycles for products launched into the marketplace and semiconductor suppliers will continue to satisfy evolving end user requirements over the coming years," Palma noted.

WASHINGTON, May 1 (Xinhua) -- The launch of U.S. space shuttle Endeavour on its final voyage will be no earlier than May 8, after technical problems uncovered last week proved more complex than originally thought, the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) announced Sunday.NASA tried to launch Endeavour on Friday on its 25th and final flight to deliver the 2-billion-dollar Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) particle detector to the International Space Station. AMS, a particle physics detector, is designed to search for various types of unusual matter by measuring cosmic rays. Its experiments are designed to help researchers study the formation of the universe and search for evidence of dark matter, strange matter and antimatter.The space shuttle Endeavour sits on launch pad 39A as work continues on the shuttle's auxilliary power unit at the Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida May 1, 2011.However, the launch was called off after engineers detected a failure in one of two heater circuits associated with Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) 1. Heaters are required to keep the APUs' hydrazine from freezing on orbit.NASA hoped Endeavour would lift off on Monday. But further trouble-shooting indicated the glitch was more complicated than officials hoped initially.The failure appears to be a power problem within the aft load control assembly-2, a box of switches controlling power feeds."That basically means the power is not getting out to the heaters that weren't working on launch day," said Space Shuttle Program Launch Integration Manager Mike Moses.