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The Arctic is experiencing a multi-year stretch of unparalleled warmth "that is unlike any period on record," according to the 2018 Arctic Report Card, a peer-reviewed report released Tuesday morning from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, an agency within the United States Department of Commerce.The report states that human-caused climate change is transforming the Arctic, both physically through the reduction of sea ice, and biologically through reductions in wildlife populations and introduction of marine toxins and algae.The report is yet another study from part of the US government indicating that climate change is real and having a profound impact, despite denials from the President and senior members of his Administration.Temperatures in the Arctic are warming more than twice as fast as the overall planet's average temperature, with temperatures this year in the highest latitudes (above 60 degrees north) coming in 1.7 degrees Celsius (3.1 degrees Fahrenheit) above the 1981-2010 average. These were the second warmest (behind 2016) air temperatures ever recorded during the Arctic year, which runs from October through September to avoid splitting the winter season.The five years since 2014 have been warmer than any other years in the historical record, which goes back to 1900. Although Arctic temperatures have been subject to wild swings back and forth through the decades due to natural variability, they have been consistently warmer than average since 2000 and at or near record since 2014, the report states."The changes we are witnessing in the Arctic are sufficiently rapid that they cannot be explained without considering our impacts on the chemistry of the atmosphere," Thomas Mote, a research scientist at the University of Georgia who authored part of the report, told CNN in an email.Mote expressed than any natural cycle or mechanism that would lead to the amount of warming and ice loss that has been observed would take much longer than the few years over which we have seen these drastic changes. 2074

The 90th Academy Awards are tonight!Late-night host, Jimmy Kimmel, will once against host the annual awards show at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood, California -- hopefully with no envelope malfunctions this year.Whether you're watching the show at home or with friends, you can download the official Oscar ballot and make your predictions. View the nominees. 376

TAHLEQUAH, Oklahoma — Cherokee Nation is the largest tribe with 365,000.On Monday, the tribe fired out a statement denouncing a U.S. senator's claim to her Native American ancestry through DNA testing.Senator Elizabeth Warren claims DNA testing confirms her Native American heritage.That test is something the Cherokee Nation, a sovereign nation, says does not prove anything."To talk now about her ancestry, her DNA analysis we think it muddy's the waters a little bit," said Chuck Hoskin, Jr., Secretary of State for the Cherokee NationHoskin says he finds Senator Warren's claims hurtful."That is a very special status," Hoskin said. "It's a legal status. It's a status that our ancestors fought long and hard for that's embedded in tribal law, embedded in federal law specifically in the treaties. We think as sovereign nations that means something,"To claim membership to the Cherokee Nation, you must be able to prove that you can trace your self back to the tribe's Dawes Rolls, which is the original enrollment documents."People have this family lore and they can't prove it and people go through long and drawn out processes sometimes," Cherokee citizen Deborah Reed said. "They'll submit paperwork to the Cherokee Nation because there's an application process."Cherokee citizens say this isn't a red versus blue issue, but it's about protecting treaties and their sovereignty."I think the important takeaway is that Elizabeth Warren remembers that the Cherokee Nation is who decides who their citizens are not individuals," Reed said.Sen. Warren is rumored to be throwing in her name to run against President Donald Trump in 2020. 1648

States and regional health departments have created a patchwork of COVID-19 precautions and safety measures this holiday season. One challenge all of them face is enforcement.In Oregon, the governor is asking people to call the cops on their neighbors if they see people violating COVID-19-related restrictions like gathering sizes.“Do you want people calling the police on their neighbors?” a reporter from KGW asks Governor Kate Brown.“Look, this is no different than what happens if there’s a party down the street and it’s keeping everyone awake. What do neighbors do? They call law enforcement,” Governor Brown responds. 633

TAMPA — Wearing masks is one of the most important ways to prevent the spread of COVID-19 — and health experts say everyone should continue to care for their face coverings to ensure protection when in public.After wearing a mask for a few months, doctors say there are some clear, tell-tale signs that it is no longer working correctly."When the edges start to fray or if the pieces where they connect start to fall apart, or if they are visibly soiled, then you should really get a new mask," said Dr. Tracey Taylor, the associate dean of USF College of Nursing.Experts also say that if a mask no longer fits over the nose or doesn't have a close fit around the face or chin, it's time to get a new one."It's super important to make sure your mask is fitting appropriately, that it's not visibly soiled, that the edges aren't frayed and that the attachments to the ear loops or tie backs — whatever type you're wearing — is appropriately attached," Taylor said.For those who own cloth masks, experts say owners need to remember to wash them. Experts say washing cloth mask with detergent or soap is best and that they don't need to be washed with super hot water. Those who own cloth masks with filters should remove the filter and clean it separately.However, there's another option."You can put them in a paper bag and seal it up for a couple of days. That'll inactivate any virus that's on it," said Dr. Marissa Levine, a professor of public health practice at USF.After several months, experts say they have more information about which masks are effective in preventing the spread of COVID-19.Cloth masks are most effective when they have at least three layers of material or a spot to add a filter. They're typically the easiest for the general public to use because they're reusable, and doctors say the research shows they mostly prevent the spread of the virus.Although any face covering is better than none, some aren't as effective in preventing the spread of COVID-19.Experts say bandanas are very thin and don't offer the same type of protection as a mask.Doctors say any mask with a valve on it is completely ineffective because the valve allows virus-carrying particles to leak out.Popular neck gaiters that wearers can easily pull up and down don't provide a lot of protection for the wearer or those around them."If you find yourself with a single layer, you could use something like a paper towel inside there to add an extra layer if you need to," Levine said.Experts advise keeping two masks on hand in case one gets lost or breaks."There's no one thing that we do that will protect us to the highest level. It's a series of things," Levine said.This story was originally published by Larissa Scott on WFTS in Tampa, Florida. 2755

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