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BEIJING, Oct. 11 (Xinhuanet) -- Scientists have discovered that blind optimism is related to brain's frontal lobes which are associated with processing errors, according to a British study published Monday in the journal Nature Neuroscience.Scientists at the University College of London scanned brains of volunteers who were asked to estimate their personal likelihood of involving in negative events, like a divorce or cancer,  before and after given the average probability of these events occurring.They found that the volunteers who estimated lower probability (or the more optimistic ones) than the given one raised their estimates a little bit later while those estimated higher probability altered their estimates much more.Through the brain scanner, scientists saw there was less activity in the volunteers' frontal regions when the information given was worse than expected while more activity when the information was better than expected. It suggested that the more optimistic people neglected the negative predictions."The more optimistic we are, the less likely we are to be influenced by negative information about the future," said Dr. Tali Sharot, lead author of the study. He added being optimistic clearly had some benefits, "but it can also mean that we are less likely to take precautionary action, such as practising safe sex or saving for retirement. So why don't we learn from cautionary information?"

WASHINGTON, Dec. 5 (Xinhua) -- A recent study found that low vitamin D levels are significantly more prevalent in obese children and are associated with risk factors for type 2 diabetes. This study was accepted for publication in The Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.High rates of vitamin D deficiency have been found in obese populations and past studies have linked low vitamin D levels to cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. But the mechanisms by which obesity and its comorbidities are related to vitamin D deficiency are not fully known.This new study examined associations between vitamin D levels and dietary habits in obese children, and tested whether there were correlations between vitamin D levels and markers of abnormal glucose metabolism and blood pressure.In this study, researchers measured vitamin D levels, blood sugar levels, serum insulin, body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure in 411 obese subjects and 87 control non-overweight subjects. Study participants were also asked to provide dietary information including daily intake of soda, juice and milk, average daily fruit and vegetable intake, and whether or not they routinely skipped breakfast. BMI is a measurement of body fat calculated from weight and height."Our study found that obese children with lower vitamin D levels had higher degrees of insulin resistance," said Micah Olson, of The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas and lead author of the study. "Although our study cannot prove causation, it does suggest that low vitamin D levels may play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes.""Poor dietary habits such as skipping breakfast and increased soda and juice intake were associated with the lower vitamin D levels seen in obese children," said Olson. "Future studies are needed to determine the clinical significance of lower vitamin D levels in obese children ... and whether treatment with vitamin D can improve primary clinical endpoints such as insulin resistance. "

CANBERRA, Dec. 9 (Xinhua) -- Scientists from Australia's University of New England on Friday said they had discovered the remarkably fossil isa metre-long arthropod with excellent vision called anomalocaris from Emu Bay Shale of South Australia.The scientists reported their finding on the anomalocaris in thescience journal Nature this week.It is reported that anomalocaris is a fearsome ancient predator that swam in the Cambrian oceans 500 million years ago. The researchers said the presence of anomalocaris would have driven the development of protective adaptations in prey animals. Such an escalatory 'arms race' would have seen, for instance, the evolution of such adaptations in prey as shells, camouflage and burrowing into sediments. "It has been unbelievably frustrating being able to see eyes like these at fossil sites like the Burgess Shale (in the Canadian Rocky Mountains), but not have any details. It is really refreshing to have our ideas about these animals confirmed at last, " comments Simon Conway Morris, a palaeontologist at the University of Cambridge, the United Kingdom.The research team was led by paleontologist Dr John Paterson, of the University of New England. He said the most surprising discovery of anomalocaris is the huge number of tiny hardened lenses in each eyes."When you consider that a modern housefly, for example, has about 3000 lenses, it's pretty impressive that an animal half a billion years old already has remarkable vision like this," Paterson said in statement."The fact that each eye in anomalocaris would have had over 16, 000 lenses means it would have very, very good resolution."Paterson said the acute vision of Anomalocaris gave it a distinct advantage over competing predators and prey, as many Cambrian animals either had poor vision or were completely blind. Its acute vision rivals or exceeds that of most living insects and was probably comparable to predatory dragonflies today.He said their findings support the idea that compound eyes evolved very early on in arthropod evolution, before the evolution of jointed legs or hardened exoskeletons.The research team hopes they can find the more fossil remains of Cambrian creatures in the Emu Bay Shale.

BEIJING, Oct. 13 (Xinhuanet) -- A new study finds that ginger may decrease the risk of colon cancer through diminishing the inflammation in the gut, according to media reports Thursday.Prior researches have found that chronicle inflammation in the gut is related to colon cancer, suggesting easing inflammation in intestines might reduce the risk of the cancer, said Suzanna M. Zick, lead author of the study published online in Cancer Prevention Research. Zick, also a naturopathic physician and research associate professor at University of Michigan Medical Center, and her colleagues, assigned 30 volunteers to take pills containing two grams of either placebo powder or ginger root extract, equivalent to about two tablespoons of ground-up raw ginger root.And they recorded the inflammations in the participants' intestines before and after the test period.The researchers found that participants taking ginger pills had 28 percent less inflammation in their intestines after the test. But no difference was found in those who took placebo.The findings are promising, but the researchers are not yet recommending people start taking more ginger at meal times. The study only involved 30 participants, so it is just a preliminary study. Zick said they hope to launch a larger study in the future, according to USA Today.

BEIJING, Oct. 13 (Xinhuanet) -- A new study finds that ginger may decrease the risk of colon cancer through diminishing the inflammation in the gut, according to media reports Thursday.Prior researches have found that chronicle inflammation in the gut is related to colon cancer, suggesting easing inflammation in intestines might reduce the risk of the cancer, said Suzanna M. Zick, lead author of the study published online in Cancer Prevention Research. Zick, also a naturopathic physician and research associate professor at University of Michigan Medical Center, and her colleagues, assigned 30 volunteers to take pills containing two grams of either placebo powder or ginger root extract, equivalent to about two tablespoons of ground-up raw ginger root.And they recorded the inflammations in the participants' intestines before and after the test period.The researchers found that participants taking ginger pills had 28 percent less inflammation in their intestines after the test. But no difference was found in those who took placebo.The findings are promising, but the researchers are not yet recommending people start taking more ginger at meal times. The study only involved 30 participants, so it is just a preliminary study. Zick said they hope to launch a larger study in the future, according to USA Today.

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