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Being home more during the pandemic, and with less traffic on the roads from stay-at-home orders, many people have heard more bird calls and the sounds of nature in urban areas. Scientists now say at least one bird species has been able to adjust their bird song because of the lack of human noise to compete with.Researchers have been studying the white-crowned sparrows in and around San Francisco for more than two decades. They compare their songs in recent years with recordings made in the 1970s.They found as traffic levels increased over the decades, the lowest frequencies of the sparrows’ song rose. This allowed their song to be heard above the low hum of vehicles. The top frequencies remained the same, so the total frequency bandwidth of their communication was narrowed.Degrading their songs this way, and limiting their range, makes them less effective at deterring rivals, attracting mates, or hearing their own chicks, according to researchers. In noisy environments, birds have to sing louder, which research has shown can result in stress and can speed up a bird’s aging and disrupt their metabolisms.When stay-at-home orders and coronavirus pandemic safety measures were put in place in March, the lead researcher, Elizabeth Derryberry, remembers seeing an image of the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco completely empty of cars or humans. She wondered how the sparrows were responding.They compared audio recordings of the bird songs from spring 2015 and 2016, to those taken this spring. The recordings were made in a variety of urban and rural locations around the greater San Francisco area.“We found that birds sung at lower minimum frequencies, achieving greater bandwidth songs in newly open acoustic space. An increase in frequency bandwidth results in the transmission of more information and greater vocal performance,” the study states.The samples taken in 2020 revealed the white-crowned sparrows had changed their tune, so-to-speak, and were singing softer and using a wider range of frequencies. They also were able to communicate twice as far as previous recordings.“This doubling in communication distance could elevate fitness by reducing territorial conflicts and increasing mating potential,” researchers stated.Researchers also say this explains why more people report hearing birds during the pandemic. Since the songs are traveling farther distances, humans are able to hear more of them.They also say the changes in the birds’ songs were more pronounced in urban areas compared to the rural location samples. This would make sense, they say, because the traffic noise did not change as drastically in the rural locations during the pandemic.“Our findings indicate that songbirds like white-crowned sparrows have a striking capacity to exploit newly empty soundscapes following acute but ephemeral amelioration of noise pollution, suggesting that lasting remediation might engender even more promising outcomes, such as demographic recovery and higher species diversity in urban areas,” they concluded. 3055

BOULDER COUNTY, Colo. — A large area of Boulder County, including the towns of Jamestown and Ward, are under a mandatory evacuation order after two new wildfires sparked over the weekend.The 8,788-acre Calwood Fire started Saturday and is burning near the Cal-Wood Education Center in the Jamestown area. Officials Sunday night confirmed that 26 homes were lost to the fire, so far, mostly on the eastern side of the fire along Mountain Ridge Drive and Foothills Ranch Drive. No injuries were reported.The Calwood Fire was about 15% contained as of Sunday night. The most concerning area of the fire was the northern ridge of the fire area, due to the steep, rocky terrain and dry fuels, officials said.On Sunday, a new wildfire, dubbed the Lefthand Canyon Fire, started in the 14000 block of Lefthand Canyon Drive near the town of Ward. It has charred 312 acres as of Sunday night. Crews were still battling the fire Sunday but had contained the blaze north of Lefthand Canyon Drive.Smoke from both fires can be seen throughout most of Boulder and the surrounding area.The Boulder County fires prompted authorities to send out pre-evacuation notices to thousands of residents nearby, including people in the town of Lyons. In the Calwood Fire, there are 1,600 homes and 2,600 structures total in the evacuation area, and around 3,000 people impacted.Several roads are closed, including County Road 87, and officials evacuated Hall Ranch and Heil Valley trails.The map below shows the areas under an evacuation or pre-evacuation order:There is an evacuation check-in point for the Calwood Fire set up at 3460 N. Broadway where evacuees and pets can go to check-in and receive further information.The evacuation point for the Lefthand Canyon Fire is the Nederland Community Center, 750 Peak to Peak Hwy.Boulder County Sheriff Division Chief Mark Wagner said the number of homes lost or damaged in the fire is likely "very large."Wagner said a massive air attack Saturday helped contain the Calwood Fire. However, unfavorable weather conditions Sunday grounded aircraft. At least 250 firefighters are on the ground fighting the blaze.The Calwood Fire has become Boulder County's largest wildfire on record.County and Forest Service investigators are investigating the cause of the Calwood Fire. Wagner said there was no lightning strike data in the area which could rule out a natural cause for the fire.This story was originally published by Robert Garrison on KMGH in Denver. 2483

BUFFALO, N.Y. -- Buffalo police officers are no longer required to display their names on their badges after a change in departmental rules. Officers will now be required to wear badges that show a badge number instead. According to Mayor Byron Brown, the change was made about a week ago due to ongoing concerns for officer safety. Brown says officers have been subjected to online threats, targeting them and their families. 434

BUFFALO, N.Y. — A protester who was knocked down by police in Buffalo earlier this month suffered a fractured skull and has been unable to walk, his attorney said Saturday.Kelly V. Zarcone says she was able to have a brief conversation with her client, 75-year-old Martin Gugino, before he said he needed to rest.According to Zarcone, Gugino is appreciative of those concerned about him, but he is still focused on social issues rather than himself.In a statement to CNN last Wednesday Zarcone said Gugino would be moved to a rehabilitation floor of the hospital and is expected to be released within two weeks.In an additional statement Thursday, Zarcone said Gugino is beginning physical therapy."As heartbreaking as it is, his brain is injured and he is well aware of that now," she said. "He is looking forward to healing and determining what his 'new normal' might look like."The two officers accused of knocking Gugino down, 32-year-old Robert McCabe and 39-year-old Aaron Torgalski, were suspended without pay and were charged with second-degree assault.This story was originally published by WKBW in Buffalo, New York. 1134

BOULDER, Colo. – A 12-year-old boy was allegedly assaulted while holding a Trump sign as he rode his bicycle this week, according to a statement provided by the victim’s father to the Boulder Police Department.Jesse Rosales told officers his son came home from a bike ride early Monday afternoon and told him a woman had assaulted him.The boy told his father a woman on a moped spotted him, made a U-turn, drove up to him and said, “You want something to look at?”Police said the woman then used a closed fist to strike the boy in the back of the head and arms several times, and also caused a scratch on the boy’s left arm. While it did not cause pain, the boy told his father the scratch “burned,” according to the report.The police report states the woman then reportedly tried to take the Trump sign from the boy’s hands, who was using it to defend himself against the attack before she took off.The boy described the woman as white, in her late 20s to mid-30s with blondish brown hair past her shoulders. She was last seen wearing a small tan jacket, a blue shirt and blue jeans and was riding a grayish blue moped with a black seat.The boy said it wasn’t the first time he’s been attacked for showing support for President Donald Trump, though it is the first time it’s been done by an adult, the boy claimed.The boy said he was just holding the sign between his arms and riding his bike when the alleged assault happened, contradicting what the Boulder police report states – that the boy had the sign showing on the back of his bike.Recalling the attack, the boy said the woman “just looked at me and laughed” as she passed him before she reportedly started hitting him.The boy said he was confused as the attack was happening and said he is disappointed with people who attack others solely for their political views.“I like showing what I believe in,” the boy said. “I didn’t want any conflict – I just wanted to show what I believe in," the boy said.The boy, who said he’s now scared to show his support for Trump, asked for mutual respect and also asked that people stop attacking one another.“Just don’t attack people ‘cause what she did to me – that’s not okay,” he said.In a statement Wednesday evening, the Republican National Committee called on Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden and Colorado Democrats to “disavow this act of hatred and violence on a child.”Boulder police said the boy’s father wants to pursue criminal charges against the woman.This article was written by óscar Contreras and Adi Guajardoor KMGH. 2549

来源：资阳报