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LOS ANGELES (AP) — When a wildfire burned across Big Sur two years ago and threatened hundreds of homes scattered on the scenic hills, thousands of firefighters responded with overwhelming force, attacking flames from the air and ground.In the first week, the blaze destroyed 57 homes and killed a bulldozer operator, then moved into remote wilderness in the Los Padres National Forest. Yet for nearly three more months the attack barely let up.The Soberanes Fire burned its way into the record books, costing 2 million as the most expensive wildland firefight in U.S. history in what a new report calls an "extreme example of excessive, unaccountable, budget-busting suppression spending."The report by Firefighters United for Safety, Ethics, and Ecology criticizes fire managers for not adapting their approach to the changing nature of the blaze. The nonprofit group, which gets funding from the Leonard DiCaprio Foundation and other environmental organizations, advocates ending "warfare on wildfires" by ecologically managing them.The report suggests the Forest Service response was the result of a "use it or lose it" attitude to spend its entire budget, which had been boosted by 0 million because of a destructive 2015 fire season. The agency managed to spend nearly all its 2016 money in a less-active fire season on about half the amount of land that burned the year before."They just kept going crazy on it," report author Timothy Ingalsbee said. "It wasn't demand-driven. It was supply-driven. They had all this extra money Congress had given them, and they had to justify that."Forest Service officials would not comment directly on the report. After asking The Associated Press to provide written questions, the agency declined to answer them and issued a short statement saying it was committed to reducing costs in similarly large fires."Protection of people first and then resources are our primary considerations," the statement said. "Every fire is evaluated to determine the appropriate strategy. We continually look for opportunities to improve outcomes and accountability and to find more cost-efficient and effective methods of managing wildfires."In addition to burning 206 square miles (534 square kilometers), the smoky fire closed signature parks in the area and put a damper on tourism in Big Sur during the peak season of its only industry. Monterey County estimated a 40 percent loss in revenue for the summer season in the area.An internal Forest Service review produced last year and obtained by the AP reached some of the same conclusions as Ingalsbee.For example, the department's review found that from Aug. 9 to Sept. 29, 2016, the number of threatened structures remained at 400 even as the fire grew by more than 90 square miles (230 square kilometers), which indicated the risk to property had abated as the flames burned into the wilderness. During that period, firefighting costs grew by 0 million.The review found forest managers didn't think they could deviate from the "overwhelming force concept" aimed at suppression. It also said the agency's protocol for managing long-term wildfires "does not sufficiently evaluate and adjust to changing risk."One challenge fire commanders faced was an outdated forest management plan for Los Padres that called for full suppression of all wildfires, Ingalsbee said.Mike Warren, a retired National Park Service firefighter who reviewed the report, questioned the wisdom of suppressing fires in remote wilderness where flames can help eliminate brush and other flammable vegetation that could fuel a later wildfire.When Warren was fire management officer at Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, they would let blazes burn in the wilderness if they were confident the fire would stay in the park.The challenge in a place like the tourist-dependent Big Sur area is pressure from politicians, homeowners, businesses, loggers and ranchers to control the fire, Warren said."When is enough enough?" he said. "When do you back off say, 'This is it. We're just going to let it do its thing.' That takes some real political will."The Forest Service's internal review inspired Ingalsbee to file public records requests for other documents that led to his report.Among his findings:— About a fifth of the area burned was from fires set to clear brush and vegetation between outer perimeters and the active fire. One of these blazes jumped fire lines. These burnout operations created additional smoke and cost an estimated million.— A nearly million air campaign, including large air tankers that cost ,720 per hour, was largely ineffective. Retardant is effective at slowing flames only where ground crews can remove vegetation to create containment lines. But drops were done deep in steep, rugged wilderness where it was too dangerous to send crews, and even where flames never reached.— Bulldozers, which cost ,700 per hour, tore up wilderness, creating what Ingalsbee called "ghost roads" that will remain for years. The Forest Service spent an estimated million a day for weeks repairing damage done by dozers.The report concluded that once the blaze that broke out July 22, 2016, entered wilderness, there was little chance of stopping it before fall rains fell.Chad Hanson, an expert on fire and director of the John Muir Project, a nonprofit environmental group, said the cost was stunning, but the approach to fire was business as usual."It's sort of shocking that this massive amount of taxpayer money is being spent trying to suppress backcountry fires that are weather-driven and can't be stopped until the weather changes, rather than focusing resources on protecting communities," Hanson said. "On the other hand, I'm not surprised the Forest Service is doing this because it's been their practice for years."One beneficiary of the firefighting effort was Tom Little Bear Nason, who lives in a homestead in the national forest his family has owned for 150 years. He was also a contractor on the fire, with a team of dozer operators.Nason, chairman of the Esselen Tribe of Monterey County, credited the suppression effort with helping save his property. But he said costs shot up when managers went overboard on backfires and cut contingency lines too far from the fire.He also criticized the leadership on the fire, which changed every couple of weeks, for disregarding a pre-attack fire plan drawn up by local, state and federal agencies, tribal leaders, environmentalists and homeowners that included information on protecting historic and cultural sites.He said those plans "got chucked out the window" and led to significant losses. A homesteader cabin burned to the ground, sacred sites such as burial grounds were plowed over, and a rock where tribal members gave birth was struck by a bulldozer."Lots of efforts went to protect communities that went above and beyond" what was necessary, Nason said. "They were acting on the worst-case scenario." 6975

LOS ANGELES (CNS) - Three men were named Wednesday in a Los Angeles federal grand jury indictment that alleges they distributed narcotics, including counterfeit pharmaceutical pills containing fentanyl, that resulted in the overdose death of hip-hop artist Mac Miller.Cameron James Pettit, 28, of West Hollywood; Stephen Andrew Walter, 46, of Westwood; and Ryan Michael Reavis, 36, a former West Los Angeles resident who relocated to Lake Havasu, Arizona, earlier this year, are charged with conspiring to distribute controlled substances resulting in death and distribution of fentanyl resulting in death.Each of those counts carries a mandatory minimum sentence of 20 years in federal prison and a potential sentence of life without parole, according to the U.S. Attorney's Office.Walter alone is additonally charged with being a felon in possession of ammunition, which, if he were to be convicted, would result in a sentence of up to 10 years in federal prison.Court documents allege the three defendants distributed narcotics to 26-year-old Malcolm James McCormick -- who recorded and performed under the name Mac Miller -- two days before the entertainer suffered a fatal drug overdose in Studio City on Sept. 7, 2018.The Los Angeles County Medical Examiner-Coroner later determined that Miller died of mixed drug toxicity involving fentanyl, cocaine and alcohol.According to the indictment, late on the night of Sept. 4, Pettit agreed to supply the rapper with 10 ``blues'' -- a street term for oxycodone pills -- as well as cocaine and the sedative Xanax. But instead of providing Miller with genuine oxycodone when he made the delivery during the early morning hours of Sept. 5, Pettit provided counterfeit oxycodone pills that contained fentanyl -- a powerful synthetic opioid that is 50 times more potent than heroin, according to the indictment.The indictment alleges that Pettit ordered the fentanyl-laced pills from Walter, and then Reavis delivered the narcotics to Pettit. Investigators believe that Miller died after snorting the counterfeit oxycodone pills containing fentanyl allegedly provided by Pettit. While another individual supplied Miller with other drugs prior to his death, those narcotics did not contain fentanyl, prosecutors said.Less than one month after Miller's death, Walter agreed to sell Pettit another 10 blues, according to the indictment, which also alleges other drug deals between the two men, with one as recent as Aug. 30. The indictment further alleges that Reavis was involved in drug trafficking activities in June and quotes a text message he sent after realizing he was negotiating a narcotics transaction with an unknown person that reads, in part: ``People have been dying from fake blues left and right, you better believe law enforcement is using informants and undercover to buy them on the street ... they can start putting (people) in prison for life for selling fake pills.''U.S. Attorney Nick Hanna said it has become ``increasingly common for us to see drug dealers peddling counterfeit pharmaceuticals made with fentanyl. As a consequence, fentanyl is now the number one cause of overdose deaths in the United States.''Hanna alleged that the three defendants continued to sell narcotics after Miller's death, ``with full knowledge of the risks their products posed to human life.''Special Agent in Charge William D. Bodner of the Drug Enforcement Administration's Los Angeles Field Division warned that counterfeit pharmaceutical pills are especially dangerous because users are unable to verify what they are ingesting.``The tragic death of Mac Miller is a high-profile example of the tragedy that is occurring on the streets of America every day,'' Bodner said, adding that the indictment ``highlights the efforts of DEA agents, local law enforcement officers, and prosecutors who work tirelessly to bring dangerous drug dealers to justice.''Pettit, who was previously ordered detained after being charged in a criminal complaint with distributing narcotics to McCormick, is scheduled to be arraigned in downtown Los Angeles on the indictment on Oct. 10.Walter was arrested on Sept. 23 on a criminal complaint alleging conspiracy to distribution narcotics, and he was also ordered held without bond. Walter also is scheduled to be arraigned on the indictment Oct. 10.Reavis, who was taken into federal custody in Arizona on Sept. 26 on charges of being a felon in possession of a firearm, is currently in custody and is being transported to Los Angeles by the U.S. Marshals Service. 4553

LOS ANGELES (AP) — Michael Jackson’s Neverland Ranch in California has found a new owner in billionaire businessman Ron Burkle. Burkle’s spokesman said in an email Thursday that Burkle bought the 2,700-acre property near Santa Barbara and views it as a land banking opportunity. The Wall Street Journal reports the property was sold for million to Burkle, an associate of the late pop star and co-founder of the investment firm Yucaipa Companies. In addition to a 12,500 square-foot main residence and a 3,700 square-foot pool house, the property boasts a 50-seat movie theater and a dance studio. 609

LOS ANGELES (AP) — After weeks of stressing education over enforcement, California communities are issuing fines and relying on anonymous tips to make sure businesses and residents are complying with health orders amid the coronavirus pandemic. Los Angeles County, the state’s most populous, is averaging 2,000 reports a week on its tip lines with complaints ranging from a lack of hand sanitizer to improper cleaning of workplace bathrooms. California on Thursday reported nearly a half-million confirmed virus cases since March, the most in the nation, and 391 deaths were tallied over the last two days, the highest since the start of the pandemic. 659

LOS ANGELES (CNS) - Downward trends in coronavirus cases and testing-positivity rates could allow Los Angeles County to move into the next tier of the state's economic-reopening matrix by sometime in October, according to the county's public health director, but pending Labor Day numbers could potentially thwart that move.The county is in the most restrictive, or "purple," level of the state's four-tier virus-tracking roadmap. The county already has a low enough seven-day average testing positivity rate -- around 3.2% -- to move to a less-restrictive tier, but average new case numbers are still too high, currently averaging 8.1 cases per 100,000 residents. The state threshold for advancing to the "red" tier is seven cases per 100,000.However, Public health director Barbara Ferrer said Wednesday numbers in all categories have been trending downward over the past six weeks following a spike seen after the Fourth of July holiday weekend."If we don't see a surge in cases and hospitalizations associated with activities over Labor Day and we continue to reduce our rate of community transmission over the weeks ahead, we could enter tier 2, which is a less restrictive tier, sometime in October," Ferrer said.Health officials have said repeatedly they will not consider any more business reopenings in the county until at least late September, after determining if virus cases and hospitalizations increase following the Labor Day holiday weekend -- the way they did after Memorial Day and the Fourth of July.If the county gets its average new case numbers below seven per 100,000 residents, and maintains that level for two weeks, the county will be able to move into the state's "red" tier. That would allow more businesses to reopen, including potentially movie theaters and gyms, as well as school campuses for in-person learning.Ferrer said the county is now seeing its lowest average testing- positivity rate of the pandemic."Last week, we saw the lowest positivity rate to date, at around 3.4%," she said. "This means that almost 97% of the tests that people took for COVID-19 ended up being negative. Just a month ago, in mid-August, this rate was around 5%. So we're happy to see the progress that we've made and we're very much hoping that this number continues to decrease."She again warned, however, that the impact of the Labor Day holiday weekend has yet to be borne out in case numbers, since the virus has a 14-day incubation period. She also said upcoming fall and winter holidays, including the start of Rosh Hashanah this weekend, could lead to setbacks if people become lax about social distancing and other preventive measures."The autumn and winter months are filled with special times that we all are looking forward to," she said. "There's many secular and religious holidays that we usually celebrate by spending time with our friends and extended family members. And the pandemic has been difficult and frustrating in many ways, including placing limits on how we can celebrate safely. I do encourage all of us to think now about how we might want to modify our plans so we can share the joy of the holidays while reducing the risk of transmitting a dangerous and sometimes deadly virus."She and the county's health services director, Dr. Christina Ghaly, urged people to get a flu shot, noting that as flu season arrives, people who contract both influenza and COVID-19 may be susceptible to severe illness.The county on Wednesday reported 31 coronavirus-related deaths, although one of those fatalities was actually announced Tuesday by health officials in Long Beach. Long Beach announced two additional deaths Wednesday afternoon. The total number of fatalities in the county stood at 6,305 as of Wednesday.The county also announced 1,148 newly confirmed cases, while Long Beach added 40 cases and Pasadena reported six, lifting the cumulative total since the start of the pandemic to 256,194.There were 804 people hospitalized due to COVID-19 in the county, up slightly from Tuesday. Ghaly noted that the sharp downward trend seen in hospitalizations over the past month appears to have slowed or leveled off. But hospitalization numbers till remained at dramatically lower levels than they were a month ago.Ghaly said overall testing numbers over the past week were down, thanks in part due to closures of some testing centers due to poor air quality caused by the region's wildfires. She said some testing sites have two-thirds of their appointment slots available, so she encouraged anyone with symptoms of the coronavirus or who thinks they may have been exposed to get tested. 4630

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