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SAN FRANCISCO, Oct. 5 (Xinhua) -- Google announced Wednesday that Google Earth, the tech giant's virtual globe, map and geographical information program, has been downloaded more than one billion times since it was first introduced in 2005.According to Google's official blog, there have been more than one billion downloads of the Google Earth desktop client, mobile apps and the Google Earth plug-in. To celebrate the milestone, Google is aggregating all the interesting ways people have used Google Earth around the world and posting them on "www. OneWorldManyStories.com.""We never imagined our geospatial technology would be used by people in so many unexpected ways," said Google in the blog post.Google Earth maps the Earth by images obtained from satellite imagery, aerial photography and GIS (geographic information system) 3D globe. It also has versions of Moon, Mars and Sky, enabling users to see images and videos of the planets and distant galaxies.It is currently available in Google Earth, a free version with limited function, as well as Google Earth Pro and Google Earth Enterprise, subscription services with additional features intended for commercial use.

LOS ANGELES, Oct. 3 (Xinhua) -- An organizer of the World Stem Cell Summit says one of the key problems medical researchers face these days is how to apply their findings in the real world."How do you take the phenomenal scientific research going on in labs and translate it into medical treatments,?" said Bernie Siegel, the founder and co-chair of the summit and executive director of the Genetic Policy Institute, which organized the event."It's a big job to do this, and more than just the science," Siegel said, noting that in a growing field now moving beyond basic lab research, the aim is to connect the people who do the work with those who finance it.The three-day summit, which opened Monday in Pasadena, features more than 150 top international speakers and 50 hours of programming with leaders from science, pharmaceutics, business, policy, ethics, law and other fields.The cell therapy industry, a "nascent" field, has emerged to be a potentially multi-billion business with unlimited potential, Siegel said.Stephen Dalton, a University of Georgia professor, reported that one of the biggest developments in stem cell research in the past year was the realization that cells can be transdifferentiated from one state to another without returning to a pluripotent state.Dalton said the principle was previously supported by a few isolated examples but it was not until 2010 that the idea was widely accepted.Mark Sussman, a professor from San Diego State University, called the identification of lung stem cells from human tissue samples capable of regenerating the highly complex and specialized structures of mature lungs a breakthrough in lung biology and regenerative medicine.He said results presented by the Anversa group in the New England Journal of Medicine demonstrate that human lung stem cells can be expanded in vitro and also retain the capacity to integrate into adult tissue upon introduction into mice.The study, Sussman said, has opened up an entirely new field of possibilities for lung regeneration and potential therapeutic applications for many conditions where treatment options are either very limited or nonexistent.

WASHINGTON, Nov. 14 (Xinhua) -- Nearly a fifth of all Americans 12 years or older have hearing loss so severe that it may make communication difficult, according to a new study led by Johns Hopkins University researchers and published Monday in the Archives of Internal Medicine.The findings, thought to be the first nationally representative estimate of hearing loss, suggest that many more people than previously thought are affected by this condition.Study leader Frank Lin, an assistant professor, and his colleagues used data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys (NHANES), a research program that has periodically gathered health data from thousands of Americans since 1971. The researchers analyzed data from all participants age 12 and over whose hearing was tested during NHANES examinations from 2001 to 2008. Unlike previous estimates, NHANES includes men and women of all races and ages, from cities scattered across the country, so it's thought to statistically mimic the population of the Untied States.Using the World Health Organization's definition for hearing loss (not being able to hear sounds of 25 decibels or less in the speech frequencies), the researchers found that overall, about 30 million Americans, or 12.7 percent of the population, had hearing loss in both ears. That number jumps to about 48 million, or 20.3 percent, for people who have hearing loss in at least one ear. These numbers far surpass previous estimates of 21 to 29 million.Hearing loss prevalence nearly doubled with every age decade, with women and blacks being significantly less likely to have hearing loss at any age. Lin and his colleagues aren't sure why these groups appear to be protected. However, he notes that the female hormone estrogen, as well as the melanin pigment in darker skin, could have a protective effect on the inner ear.

WASHINGTON, Oct. 3 (Xinhua) -- Researchers at St. Michael's Hospital in Canada have discovered a new function for an enzyme that may protect against organ injury and death from anemia, according to a study appearing Monday in the U.S. journal of the Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences.Researchers found that when people have anemia, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) -- an enzyme in nerve cells that produces nitric oxide, an important signaling molecule in the body -- increases the body's ability to respond, adapt to low oxygen levels and makes the body more efficient in delivering oxygen to tissues. They also found that levels of nNOS in the brain increased in anemic mice, and that the mice without this enzyme die earlier, and with higher hemoglobin levels."Identifying this mechanism may lead to new therapies and approaches to improving outcomes for anemic patients," said Dr. Greg Hare, a researcher at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of the hospital and one of the lead investigators of the study.Anemia occurs when blood has a lower than normal number of red blood cells or hemoglobin -- an iron-rich protein that carries oxygen from the lungs and heart to the rest of the body. Cells need oxygen to survive and to produce energy for all bodily functions. The condition has many different causes including infection (malaria, HIV, parasites), nutritional deficiencies (iron, folate, B12), genetic mutations, pregnancy, trauma and surgical blood loss."This research will help us identify when an anemic patient is at greatest risk for injury and death when undergoing surgery," said Hare. "Research is underway to test these findings in humans."

BEIJING, Dec. 30 (Xinhua) -- China's quality watchdog said Friday that the latest checks by testing organizations did not find excessive levels of aflatoxin in milk products made by Chinese dairies.The special checks were launched after the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) reported on Dec. 23 that two batches of milk products made by two separate domestic dairies, including heavyweight Mengniu Dairy Group, were found to contain high levels of the cancer-causing toxin.A brief statement on the government agency's website Friday said the checks have covered major makers, including Mengniu, Yili Industrial Group, Bright Dairy, and Sanyuan Food.An AQSIQ official said earlier the toxin had originated from cows eating mildewed feed, citing reviews by experts. The toxin would disappear if the animals stop eating the rotten feed, the official said.Aflatoxin is produced by a fungus that commonly grows on crops such as grain and peanuts. High levels of the toxin may lead to cancer in some animals.

来源：资阳报