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Researchers published what they say is the first case of a living person diagnosed with the degenerative brain disease chronic traumatic encephalopathy or CTE.While unnamed in the study, lead author Dr. Bennet Omalu confirmed to CNN that the subject of the case was former NFL player Fred McNeill -- who died in 2015.Omalu is credited with first discovering CTE in professional football players. Until now, the only way to diagnose the disease is with a brain exam after death.The diagnosis was first made using an experimental brain scan that can trace a signature protein of CTE called tau. The authors then confirmed the diagnosis with an autopsy. The case study was published in the journal Neurosurgery this week.'It looked like just depression'Omalu first presented these findings exclusively to CNN's chief medical correspondent, Dr. Sanjay Gupta, in 2016. McNeill's wife, Tia, and his two sons, Gavin and Fred Jr., told Gupta then that they saw Fred transform from a fun loving family man at the center of their lives into a man who was dealing with symptoms of memory loss, anger and depression that tore their family apart."There are some times where the father is the stronghold in the family, or the anchor. If you lose that, everything kind of falls apart. That's kind of what happened for us. It looked like financial issues at first; it looked like marital issues, and they separated; then it looked like just depression," Gavin told Gupta.CTE is known for plaguing people with Alzheimer's like symptoms such as memory loss, rage, mood swings, and in some cases, suicidal ideation.Severity of the disease is categorized into four stages, with stage 4 being the most severe. While researchers don't know exactly why certain people develop the disease and others don't, they believe that it results from repeated blows to the head that trigger a build up of tau proteins in the brain.CTE has been called football's "concussion crisis," however experts point out that CTE can develop from any repeated head injury. According to the Boston University CTE Center, "this trauma includes both concussions that cause symptoms and subconcussive hits to the head that cause no symptoms." These subconcussive hits can include the repeated trauma the brain experiences from constant plays, hitting the turf, and tackling. Wrestlers, boxers, and military troops have also been diagnosed with the disease.Seeing CTEWhile McNeill is the first case to be confirmed with an autopsy, the experimental technology has been used on at least a dozen other former NFL players, including Pro Football Hall of Famer, Dallas Cowboy Tony Dorsett. Omalu helped develop and is invested in the diagnostic exam, which uses a radioactive "tracer" called FDDNP to bind to tau proteins in the brain. The tau proteins can then be seen on a PET scan of the brain.Critics have said the protein also can highlight another protein called amyloid, which may be indicative of Alzheimer's or other forms of dementia. But Omalu noted that in CTE, tau makes distinctive patterns in the brain. It has a "specific topographic signature," he said, and that pattern can be detected in imaging.Omalu said he and his team are currently raising money to start a phase 3 clinical trial to further test the technology and replicate what they have seen in McNeill. He anticipates that once funds are raised, it will take another two to three years for the trial and then another year, at least, for approval from the US Food and Drug Administration. When asked, how soon a commercial test could be available, Omalu predicted it could be as soon as a few years. "We are looking at less than five years," he said.  3711

Recently, Packers legend Brett Favre has made news with his take on the dangers of concussions after playing 20 years in the NFL, 16 for the Green Bay Packers.He spoke about those dangers, and the uncovering of more of the effect of his career on his brain's health, with Megyn Kelly on NBC's "TODAY" program.When asked how many concussions, he said "That I know of? Three, four maybe. As we are learning about concussions, there is a term often used in football and maybe in other sports, that I got 'dinged.' "" 'Dinged' is a concussion. When you have ringing of the ears, seeing stars, that's a concussion. If that is a concussion, I've had hundreds, probably thousands throughout my career, which is frightening," he said. Watch the interview above or below." 776

Residents on the Big Island face several threats Monday from Kilauea: In addition to the possibility of more eruptions, lava is oozing into the ocean, sending hydrochloric acid and volcanic glass particles into the air.That's producing laze, a dangerous mix of lava and haze, which is adding to the ongoing challenges. Levels of sulfur dioxide have tripled in emissions. And Kilauea Volcano's summit had several small ash emissions Sunday, releasing plumes of gas and billowing steam. 492

President Donald Trump says he did not address reports from U.S. intelligence agencies that said Russia paid bounties to the Taliban in exchange for the deaths of American soldiers in a phone call with Russian President Vladimir Putin last week.Trump made the comments in an on-camera interview with Axios reporter Jonathan Swan.Trump said his July 23 phone call with Putin was a call "to discuss other things," particularly nuclear proliferation.The president also claimed that the report "never made it to his desk," even though several media outlets have spoken to administration officials that have said the report was included in a daily intelligence briefing in February.Trump also referred to the intelligence as "fake news," and added that "a lot of people are saying that it's a fake issue."When pressed on intelligence reports that Russia has supplied weapons to the Taliban, Trump seemed to justify the Russians' actions by citing the fact that the U.S. sold weapons to the Taliban when the group was fighting the Soviet Union decades ago. Trump also claimed that those reports had also "not reached his desk," despite Sec. of State Mike Pompeo's comments denouncing the arms sales earlier this month.When asked directly if he reads his daily intelligence briefing, Trump said he "reads a lot" and that he "comprehends extraordinarily well, probably better than anyone (Swan) has interviewed in a long time."Watch Trump's interview in the player below. 1471

President Donald Trump tweeted Monday evening that he would "never concede" despite a decision from an official in his administration that recognized president-elect Joe Biden's victory in the 2020 election."What does GSA being allowed to preliminarily work with the Dems have to do with continuing to pursue our various cases on what will go down as the most corrupt election in American political history?" Trump tweeted. "We are moving full speed ahead."Trump's statement also included references to "fake ballots" — a claim his legal team has not been able to prove — and a debunked conspiracy theory about ballot software, prompting Twitter to place a warning label on the tweet that provided users more information about the realities of voter fraud. 764

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