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Last year's seasonal flu vaccine effectiveness was just 42%, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated. Even if vaccinated, then, people had inadequate protection against the flu.This limited effectiveness was due to a mutation that occurred in the influenza A (H3N2) vaccine strain, according to a new study published Monday in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. This vaccine mutation resulted from an egg-based manufacturing process commonly used today.This year's flu vaccine may also be imperfect, said Scott Hensley, author of the new study and an associate professor at the University of Pennsylvania. Add to that, he said, "this could end up being a pretty bad flu season."Still, he said, "our best protection" against severe illness is getting vaccinated with the flu shot we have today.Finding answersEach year before flu season begins, a vaccine is made based on whichever virus strains are expected to circulate. The selected seed strains are distributed to vaccine manufacturers which then produce their formulations and make them available to health care professionals before the season begins.During the 2015-16 season, vaccine effectiveness was 47%, while for the previous 2014-15 season, effectiveness was just 19%, according to the CDC. While the overall effectiveness of last season's vaccine was 42%, it was only 34% effective against the H3N2 viruses that dominated the season.Vaccine effectiveness varies based on how well it matches the circulating virus strains. Sometimes, a vaccine corresponds to the predominant virus yet its effectiveness is still not what scientists would expect. Trying to understand which element of the vaccine failed is difficult.Hensley and his team began their investigation of last year's vaccine by looking at the seed strains that had been distributed to vaccine manufacturers. These seed strains had been propagated in chicken eggs, the common method used today."The sequences of these viruses are available and when we did an alignment to see what the sequence of these vaccines were compared to the viruses that were circulating, it became very obvious that there was this mutation," said Hensley.To see the effects of the mutation, the team next looked at how the immune systems of both animals and humans who'd been inoculated with an egg-based flu vaccine responded to the actual circulating viruses.The antibodies -- immune system proteins that fight invading pathogens -- elicited in both animals and humans failed to bind to and neutralize the flu viruses, Hensley and his colleagues found.While most vaccines in the United States are made in chicken eggs, a small fraction are produced in insects or mammalian cells, Hensley explained. (These are given to people with egg allergies.) He and his team compared immune responses in animals and humans who had received a cell-based vaccine -- in this case, Flublok made by Protein Sciences Corporation."And we found both animals and humans receiving that (cell-based) vaccine had superior antibody responses that could bind and neutralize these circulating H3N2 strains," said Hensley.Making a better vaccine"Most of the infrastructure to produce vaccines in the US is based on chicken eggs," said Hensley. There are good reasons for this, including the fact that egg-based propagation allows manufacturers to quickly produce large quantities of vaccine.While egg adaptations have always been a problem, beginning last year it had become a "huge problem," said Hensley. "As soon as you try to grow this virus in eggs, within a few hours, the virus will acquire this kind of mutation."This is not an easy problem to fix, he said. To produce vaccines in cells means "a very expensive process for companies to just change their overall manufacturing process," Hensley explained. "You can't really do that on the drop of a dime."Meanwhile, the same seed strains used last year are being used this year to make the current vaccine, said Hensley."This year may be especially difficult because, in addition to this egg adaptive mutation which was present last year, there's indication that the H3N2 viruses are actually evolving," said Hensley.Not only will the vaccine be a mismatch with the actual circulating viruses due to egg adaptation but the vaccine could also be a mismatch due to unexpected viral evolution.What kind of flu season is ahead?It's too early to speculate which viruses will become dominant in the United States over the course of the coming flu season, said Hensley, "but it's starting to look like it will be H3 viruses." H3 viruses are influenza A viruses."There are the A group of viruses and the B groups," said Dr. William Schaffner, an infectious disease specialist at Vanderbilt University. "The A groups are the ones that usually are responsible for large epidemics ... whereas the B flu strains usually smolder along. They always cause illness -- it can be just as severe as the A strains -- but they don't produce large outbreaks."Though last year's vaccine was mostly ineffective in thwarting the flu, it still prevented nearly 30% of hospitalizations that might have resulted, according to CDC calculations. For older adults, that rate was even higher, at 37%. Plus, the vaccine reduced outpatient visits by 42% last season.The CDC advises everyone 6 months and older to get a flu shot, as only injectable flu vaccines are recommended. More than 130 million doses of flu vaccine have been distributed so far this year and flu activity is still low across the nation.It's still early days, but experts believe we may be facing a tough season, and not only because of vaccine concerns.The reason?Australia had a tough flu season this year, with a total of 215,280 laboratory-confirmed cases and 504 flu-associated deaths reported to its National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System as of October 13, government data show. According to a surveillance system report, adults over the age of 80 and children between 5 and 9 years old have been most affected."In general, we get in our season what the Southern Hemisphere got in the season immediately preceding us," Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the United States' National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, said in an interview last month.An "intelligent guess," therefore, is that the Northern Hemisphere, like the Southern Hemisphere, will likely battle more cases of the viral infection, he said, though "with influenza, it is never 100%.""If H3N2 viruses dominate the US flu season again this year, vaccine effectiveness will likely be moderate to low again," said Hensley.Still, he said, everyone should get their annual flu shot."The other components of the vaccine, like H1N1 and influenza B, will likely provide excellent protection," said Hensley. "The vaccine will also likely prevent severe disease and death caused by H3N2 viruses, even though this component of the vaccine is mismatched."  6969

LAKESIDE, Calif. (KGTV) - Surveillance video captured a runaway trailer crashing into a parked SUV in Lakeside before the truck hauling it took off.A few minutes past 7 a.m. on Saturday off Julian Avenue, Melissa Heiner heard the crash."We were in bed and heard a loud big thud. Instantly, a car alarm went off," said Heiner.Heiner and her husband ran out and found their SUV undamaged. It was not the same story next door.RELATED: Family to move out of Point Loma home after latest car crash"Just sickening," said Heiner.Surveillance video from her neighbor's home shows a white pickup truck driving down the street, hauling a long trailer. When it turns right, the trailer becomes unhitched and goes straight into driveway. It spears the front corner of a Toyota 4Runner, as the trailer's load flies off from the collision. The truck briefly pauses before driving off."It's sad to see someone would leave it and not care, just assuming someone else would take of their own problems," said Heiner. The debris left in the driveway was part of an old boat.RELATED: SUV crashes into Otay Mesa home, driver arrested on suspicion of DUI"There were life vests ... the bottom half of the boat ... old and rotted," said Heiner.The result of this crash was about ,5000 in damage to the SUV. There was some minor damage to the front of the home.Heiner says her neighbor was just grateful she had left her other vehicle, usually parked next to the SUV, at work. "She's taking in stride. Just fortunate the damage wasn't worse and no one was hurt," said Heiner.The truck appears to be a newer model pickup, possibly a Dodge. Anyone with information is asked to call the Lakeside Sheriff's Substation at 619-938-1360. 1715

Lawyers for Breonna Taylor allege in court records that she was targeted in a police operation to gentrify a neighborhood in western Louisville. Taylor was shot and killed back in March by Louisville Metro Police officers when police conducted a “no-knock raid” on her home. Thinking the police officers were intruders, Taylor’s boyfriend, Kenneth Walker, allegedly shot at police.Officers returned fire, striking, and killing Taylor.According to the lawsuit, which was filed Sunday in Jefferson Circuit Court on behalf of Taylor's family, lawyers said there were plans underway for a "high dollar, legacy-creating real estate development" for Elliot Avenue. Taylor's ex-boyfriend Jamarcus Cordell Glover was renting a home on the street and it created a "roadblock" for the project, court documents stated."The police unit's efforts to clean house on Elliott became so outrageous, unlawful, corrupt, and reckless that a bogus, no-knock search warrant was obtained for the home of Breonna Taylor, a woman with no criminal history, no drugs in her home, no targets in her home, and whose home was more than 10 miles from Elliott Avenue," lawyers stated in the court documents.Lawyer's Ben Crump and his co-counselors Sam Aguiar and Lonita Baker issued a statement about the refiling.“Connecting the dots, it’s clear that these officers should never have been at Breonna Taylor’s home in the first place, and that they invaded the residence with no probable cause," they said in a joint press release. "The officers who robbed Breonna of her life -- and Tamika Palmer of her daughter -- exhibited outrageous, reckless, willful, wanton, and unlawful conduct. As a consequence, the city lost one of its most precious essential frontline workers, who risked her life daily to save her fellow residents in a pandemic. This is a grievous offense against Breonna, her family, and the greater Louisville community."You can read the full lawsuit below: 1950

LEE COUNTY, Fla. -- A young girl born without an arm now has a prosthetic one after teachers at Sunshine Elementary in Lehigh Acres made an arm just for her.It's a dream come true for student Dulce Jaimes.  "I didn't know what was happening until Mr. Demeri showed up," Dulce said. The third grader was born without half an arm, but recently received a prosthetic one after her teacher decided to use a 3-D printer to make one. "She was perfect before the arm," teacher Rachel Canino said.  "Now that she has the arm, she's a celebrity."A celebrity who's an extra helping hand for her family.  "I can help my mom out with my brother," Dulce said. "When I get two yogurts because they're small, I let the other one carry it and I hold the other one." Eric Demeri, who made Dulce's arm, started the 3-D printing lab back in the fall. He said originally the lab was for printing things like pencil holders. But after getting word of Dulce's situation he was up for the challenge of something bigger.Demeri said he had never printed something that took more than six hours. But Dulce's arm took nearly 40 hours, with some failed attempts. Eventually, he got it right.  "When I actually got it to work and I had my daughter testing it out, I'm like, ‘This is going to be, this is going to be pretty big for Dulce,’" he said.Now she's lifting water bottles, pencils and pretty much anything she can get her hands on.She said she was thankful."It was really nice of you," she said.  "I was excited, and thank you Mr. Demeri."   1638

LAS VEGAS (AP) -- Early results showed Joe Biden with a slim lead over President Donald Trump in Nevada, but it was too early to declare a winner in the race Wednesday with a large number of ballots yet to be counted.The Nevada Secretary of State's Office said a new batch of results would be released Thursday after 9 a.m. local time.Mail-in ballots received on Election Day had not yet been counted, along with any mail ballots postmarked no later than Nov. 3 that arrive over the next week and any provisional ballots.No Republican presidential candidate has carried Nevada since 2004 but the state has remained a battleground. 638