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With hurricane season in full swing, there's a lot of talk from meteorologists about hurricane "categories." What do they mean, and what do they tell us about a storm?It turns out, a hurricane's category is only based on one thing: wind speed.According to the National Hurricane Center's website, the agency relies on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale to determine a storm's strength. The scale categorizes a hurricane on a 1-5 scale, based on the storm's maximum sustained winds — the one-minute average of the wind speed taken from inside the storm.When storms over the Atlantic begin to organized into a rotating system around a central "eye," and sustained wind speeds in the storm reach 39 mph, it's classified as a tropical storm. Once wind speeds in the system reach 74 mph, it becomes a hurricane.From there, the NHC uses the Saffir-Simpson Scale to determine how much destruction a hurricane is expected to inflict on an area. While any hurricane is expected to cause damage to homes and topple some trees in its path, higher wind speeds can lead to trees blocking roads and downing power lines, isolating communities without power or access to water for weeks — or even months.STRENGTHMAX SUSTAINED WIND SPEEDDESTRUCTION CATEGORY 1Between 74 mph and 95 mphWell-constructed houses could have damage to roof, shingles, vinyl siding and gutters. Large branches of trees will snap and shallowly-rooted trees may be toppled. Extensive damage to power lines and poles likely will result in power outages that could last a few to several days. CATEGORY 2Between 96 mph and 110 mphHouses could sustain major roof and siding damage. Many shallowly rooted trees will be snapped or uprooted and block roads. Near-total power loss is expected with outages that could last from several days to weeks. CATEGORY 3 (major)Between 111 mph and 129 mphHouses may incur major damage or removal of roof decking and gable ends. Many trees — regardless of root depth — will be snapped or uprooted, blocking roads. Electricity and water will be unavailable for several days to weeks after the storm passes.CATEGORY 4 (major)Between 130 mph and 156 mphHouses can sustain severe damage with loss of most of the roof structure and possibly some exterior walls. Most trees will be snapped or uprooted and power poles will topple. Fallen trees and power poles will isolate residential areas. Power outages will last weeks to possibly months. Most of the area will be uninhabitable for weeks or months.CATEGORY 5 (major)Above 157 mphA high percentage of framed houses will be destroyed, with total roof failure and wall collapse. Fallen trees and power poles will isolate residential areas. Power outages will last for weeks to possibly months. Most of the area will be uninhabitable for weeks or months.Any hurricane that reaches Category 3, with sustained winds above 111 mph, is considered a "major" hurricane. According to the NHC, that's because "of their potential for significant loss of life and damage." But that doesn't mean Category 1 and 2 hurricanes can't be deadly.The NHC itself says that Category 1 and 2 hurricanes are "still dangerous" and "require preventative measures."While Hurricane Sandy peaked at Category 3 intensity when it made landfall in Cuba in 2012, it had collapsed into a post-tropical cyclone by the time it reached New Jersey on Oct. 29. Even though the storm only had Category 1 strength winds, it still resulted in the deaths of 131 people in America, according to media reports, and an estimated billion in damages — the second-costliest hurricane in U.S. history up to that point.The Saffir-Simpson Scale also doesn't take into account storm surge in coastal areas and flash flooding caused by the surge and heavy rain. Flooding can cause significant property damage and make main roads — including expressways — inaccessible. 3864

When Allison Weiss Brady and Michael Ladin emerged from weeks of locking down during the pandemic, they needed new clothes in new sizes — for different reasons.Brady, 49, a charity fundraiser from a Philadelphia suburb, had been pulling back on her candy buying sprees during the lockdown and stepped up the cardio workouts at her home gym out of boredom. She lost 20 pounds and went down two sizes. In contrast, Ladin, 58, of Oak Park, Illinois, gained 10 pounds this past spring after sitting around eating chips and dip.“I’m not surprised. If I don’t work out consistently, I gain weight,” said Ladin, who works in marketing.Many Americans like Ladin and Brady are changing clothing sizes depending on how they spent their time sheltering at home. And brands from Levi Strauss & Co. to lingerie label Cosabella are taking note. So are body measuring technology companies, which report that shoppers are changing their measurements on their online profiles.The trend could be good for clothing companies — new sizes likely mean that customers’ wardrobes need to be updated. But retailers, already feeling the pain of decreased spending during uncertain economic times, are also facing an increase in costly returns as shoppers try to figure out their new sizes.“Anecdotally, we’re seeing shoppers come back into stores unsure of their size,” said Marc Rosen, executive vice president and president of Levi Strauss Americas, in a statement to The Associated Press. “For most, it’s been a long time since they’ve tried on a pair of jeans, and they may be up or down a size.”Some companies are even adding larger sizes in response to shoppers’ gaining weight, or what has been dubbed COVID-15.Guido Campello, co-CEO of luxury lingerie brands Cosabella and Journelle, said that his two brands have been adding more generous cuts of some of its most popular styles in bras and sleepwear in recent weeks because of interest from its 2,100 store accounts. Loyal customers at its store locations are also requesting new sizes while making more exchanges.Size fluctuations are bearing out in data from body measuring app Perfitly LLC. It cites a 20% increase in users redoing their avatars in April and May, compared with the same period a year ago, according to the company’s co-founder and CEO Dave Sharma. That spike is similar to what it sees in January after the winter holidays, he says.“Because it is a huge spike, we think it is because of the weight gain,” said Sharma, whose app has about 50,000 users nationwide. “They are sitting around, they don’t go to the gym, and they don’t go for jogs.”Fit Match, a startup firm that’s rolling out 3D technology to scan customers bodies at malls, found only one-third of the hundred women it surveyed in Texas where it piloted its first program had no weight change during the lockdown, says founder and CEO Haniff Brown. Of the remainder, 15% gained more than 5 pounds, while 20% lost more than five pounds. Brown called this change “pronounced,” noting two-thirds of customers typically don’t have any weight change during such a short time period.Narvar Inc., a software company that powers returns for more than 200 brands, says online returns have doubled from mid-March to early June, according to founder and CEO Amit Sharma. Retailers face more than 0 million in expenses from the additional returns in the second quarter, in part because of sizing issues but also because of buyers’ remorse and shipping delays.Brady took advantage of sales and spent several thousands of dollars in recent weeks on a new wardrobe that included, T-shirts, inexpensive summer dresses, and designer sweatshirts. She also sent her new measurements to her personal shoppers at Neiman Marcus and Saks.“I feel great. My (old) clothes are huge,” said Brady, who hadn’t modeled in years but was recently hired on by a local agency.Still, weight fluctuations may be here to stay as surges in new cases around the country force states like California to re-close businesses like gyms and encourage shoppers to shelter at home again.Lauren Wire a 32-year-old publicist who lives in Manhattan, says she worries that another lock down could keep her gym closed during the winter months.She gained back 12 of the 50 pounds she lost leading up to the pandemic because she was ordering in a lot from restaurants and partaking in social distance cocktails with friends. She says she bought new shorts and swimwear when she gained the weight but now she’s starting to shed pounds again by biking outside.Ladin went to a local Kohl’s to buy several pairs of shorts.“This will be enough to get me through the summer,” he said, trying on his new clothes in the Kohl’s parking lot because the store’s fitting room was temporarily closed out of safety concerns. “I am not buying any more clothes until I lose weight.”__________Follow Anne D’Innocenzio: http://twitter.com/ADInnocenzio 4912

WEST SENECA, N.Y. — Prosecutors have charged a West Seneca man with criminally negligent homicide after a dispute over wearing a face covering left an 80-year-old man dead.Donald Lewinski, 65, of West Seneca, was taken into custody Monday following an incident on Sept. 26 at Pamp's Red Zone Bar and Grill.According to Erie County District Attorney John Flynn, Lewinski got into a verbal confrontation with Rocco Sapienza — another regular at the bar — after Sapienza noticed Lewinski was not wearing a mask while bringing buckets of beer to a band playing outside.At one point, prosecutors said Sapienza got up and confronted Lewinski. That's when Lewinski stood up and pushed Sapienza "hard" with both hands, the D.A. said. Sapienza fell back and hit his head on the ground.Sapienza was taken to Erie County Medical Center, where he was unresponsive for four days. He died on Sept. 30.The cause of death is blunt force trauma to the head."We are all deeply saddened by the loss of Rocco. He was a part of our Red Zone family and loved by all," the owner of Pamp's Red Zone released said in a statement. "Our deepest sympathies go out to Rocco's family."Lewinski is set to appear in West Seneca Town Court Tuesday night.A celebration of life for Sapienza will take place Tuesday at 11 a.m. at the Southtown Christian Center.This story was originally published by WKBW in Buffalo, New York. 1398

When a Minnesota teacher learned that her school's custodian was in dire need of a new kidney, she didn't hesitate to step up to the plate.According to the Minneapolis Star Tribune and CNN, teacher Erin Durga and custodian Part Mertens have been co-workers at Kimball Elementary School in Kimball, Minnesota, for nine years.The two were well acquainted — they often exchanged pleasantries in the hall, and Durga's children attended a daycare ran by Merten's wife.Recently, Mertens had been leaving school early three days a week to attend dialysis treatments. Earlier this year, the school organized a "Hats for Pat" fundraiser to help pay for his treatments. But school officials didn't realize how dire Mertens' situation was until his daughter posted a plea for help on Facebook.According to Mertens' daughter, Kayla Matten, none of her fathers' relatives was a match for a kidney transplant."We are now in the process of trying to find someone with an O blood type and someone who is willing to donate their kidney," she wrote, according to CNN.When Durga saw the post, she didn't hesitate. She knew she wanted to donate her kidney to a co-worker in need."Why wouldn't you [do it]?" she told the Star Tribune.In late spring, Durga and Mertens found out they were a match."It brought a few tears to my eyes," Mertens told the Star Tribune. "I'm not much for expressing myself."Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, the two underwent the transplant surgery on July 3. Months later, Mertens is doing well, and the Star Tribune reports that he is no longer "tethered" to dialysis treatments."I can live again," Mertens told the Star Tribune. 1642

White House senior policy adviser Stephen Miller has been interviewed as part of special counsel Robert Mueller's Russia probe, according to sources familiar with the investigation.The interview brings the special counsel investigation into President Donald Trump's inner circle in the White House. Miller is the highest-level aide still working at the White House known to have talked to investigators.Miller's role in the firing of FBI Director James Comey was among the topics discussed during the interview as part of the probe into possible obstruction of justice, according to one of the sources.Special counsel investigators have also shown interest in talking to attendees of a March 2016 meeting where foreign policy adviser George Papadopoulos said that he could arrange a meeting between Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin through his connections. Miller was also at the meeting, according to a source familiar with the meeting.Papadopoulos was recently charged with lying to the FBI about Russian contacts he had during the campaign.Earlier this year, Miller assisted Trump in writing a memo that explained why Trump planned to fire Comey, according to sources familiar with the matter. Eventually that memo was scrapped because of opposition by White House counsel Don McGahn, who said its contents were problematic, according to The New York Times.The Comey dismissal letter -- drafted during a May weekend at Trump's golf club in Bedminster, New Jersey -- has also drawn interest from the Mueller team. Sources tell CNN that White House senior adviser Jared Kushner, who was also in New Jersey that weekend, did not oppose the decision to fire Comey. CNN has reported the special counsel's team is asking questions in interviews with witnesses about Kushner's role in Comey's firing.The Times reported in September that the Justice Department had turned over a copy of the letter, which was never sent, to special counsel Robert Mueller. That memo, according to a source, was very similar to a letter written by Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein that was cited as the reason for firing Comey. Rosenstein's letter criticized Comey's handling of the investigation into Hillary Clinton's private email server.But just days after the firing, Trump said he considered the Russia probe in his decision to fire Comey."In fact when I decided to just do it, I said to myself, I said 'you know, this Russia thing with Trump and Russia is a made-up story, it's an excuse by the Democrats for having lost an election that they should have won'," Trump said about his decision to fire Comey in a May interview with NBC News.Miller was also an early member of Trump's campaign staff, leaving his role as Sessions' communications director in the Senate to join Trump in January 2016.Mueller's team has also talked to key former aides including former White House chief of staff Reince Preibus and former White House press secretary Sean Spicer. They have also interviewed National Security Council chief of staff Keith Kellogg. CNN has previously reported Mueller is also seeking to interview other White House staff including McGahn, communications director Hope Hicks and Kushner aide Josh Raffell.The special counsel's office declined to comment. Miller did not respond to a request for comment. 3334

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