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Automakers are racing to develop driverless cars, putting increasingly complex technology on the road despite concerns from safety experts and the National Transportation Safety Board about a lack of regulations.Unlike rules for the design of a seatbelt or airbag, the federal guidelines for automated vehicle systems are voluntary. The U.S. Department of Transportation says keeping rules at a minimum will speed up the introduction of life-saving technology, a goal made all the more urgent as traffic deaths climbed again last year to 37,461, with 94 percent of those caused by human error.That lack of mandatory rules for self-driving cars has given automakers and technology companies the green light to police themselves, said Jackie Gillan, president of Advocates for Highway and Auto Safety. The group is calling for the government to issue mandatory safety standards for driverless cars.“Before we introduce this technology we need to have some assurance and accountability by the industry that this technology is not going to kill or injure consumers,” Gillan said.The National Transportation Safety Board makes recommendations after investigating major transportation incidents. The board recently called on DOT to issue new safety rules after its investigation of a May 2016 fatal crash of a Tesla Model S operating on autopilot near Williston, Fla. The Tesla slammed into a tractor-trailer, its cameras and automatic emergency braking system failing to spot the blank side of the truck against the white sky.It was the first known deadly wreck of a car driving with that level of automated sophistication. The NTSB said the driver relied too heavily on the car’s traffic-aware cruise control system and autosteering feature, but also blamed Tesla’s autopilot for allowing the driver to not interact with the car for prolonged periods of time.Investigators found the driver had his hands on the wheel for only 25 seconds during the 37 minutes the car was on autopilot. After the crash, Tesla updated its software that requires drivers touch the wheel every so often when the car is driving itself to ensure a human is paying attention to the road. Now if a driver repeatedly fails to touch the wheel, he or she will “strike out” and cause the car to slow down and stop in its lane with its hazard lights on, disabling autopilot for the remainder of the trip. 2378

As the Thanksgiving holiday approaches, college campuses across the country will empty out. Tens of thousands of students will head home for the break, and public health experts fear mass travel and indoor gatherings could spark a super spreading of the coronavirus.Within days of returning to campus this fall, Brianna DeWall contracted the coronavirus.“We went out to party, and with all my friends, got it,” recounted the Oklahoma State University junior. “So, we're assuming someone at that party had it and didn't know.”According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the return to college campuses in August and September coincided with a 55 percent increase nationally of COVID-19 cases in young adults ages 18 to 22.Next week, DeWall is headed home for the holidays, but she plans to get tested before she travels.“I will be flying, so I feel like that's a precaution I should take,” said DeWall.While her school isn’t requiring mandatory exit testing, other schools are.Penn State is offering free, voluntary exit tests. The University of Michigan has made exit testing mandatory, and New York State’s university system is also mandating a negative test result for all of its 140,000 students before they leave campus.“Some people may get a test that's not going to decrease the risk to zero, but it is going to decrease the risk substantially,” said Dr. Amesh Adalja, a senior scholar with the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security.Dr. Adalja warns that without extra precautions like frequent testing, mask-wearing, social distancing, and self-quarantining ahead of the holiday, the risk of community spread is increased.“It is going to be a major challenge when you have your student body moved from campus back home and come back on campus because that's likely to introduce more levels of infection,” he said.Earlier this year, researchers at Ball State University tracked 7.5 million students at more than 1,300 universities and concluded that thousands of college students may have picked up COVID-19 while at densely-packed spring break destinations, only to return to infect others with the virus.Some schools like DeWall’s are not having students return to campus until January and have canceled spring break. But once again, testing is voluntary.“I think we should have to get tested before we come back,” said DeWall. “I think it's very careless that they aren't requiring us to get tested before we go home.”The CDC hasn’t issued any specific COVID-19 guidance on colleges and break, and while the American College Health Association encourages testing, it stops short of calling for it to be mandatory.“Colleges we know have been hot spots for infection, especially with off-campus activity,” said Dr. Adalja. “So, I do think this is going to be particularly challenging to accomplish.” 2839

As new wildfires force tens of thousands of people out of their homes, reports are emerging of flaws in emergency alert systems throughout the west."Where I think the false sense of security was, if something really bad is going to happen, we'll get alerted well beforehand," said Vacaville resident, Will Carlson.Carlson and several of his neighbors say they received no warnings as the Hennessey Fire inched closer to their homes. At around midnight, Carlson saw the flames moving quickly down a hill in the distance. Carlson was one of the last to leave, working frantically to help save animals on the property."What I remember is this sinking feeling in my stomach, and this helplessness that this barn is going to go up in flames, and the horses will be burned alive," said Carlson.After making it out safely, Carlson was left wondering how this could have happened. "Every neighbor that we talked to it was the same story, we knew there was a fire in the area, we thought that we would get alerted, and nothing was said to us," said Carlson. Le'Ron Cummings, public information officer for the Solano County Sheriff's Office, says alerts went out to these areas. However, they cannot guarantee the targeted population will get the message if cell service, internet, or landline signals are impacted. He says it was determined that cellular services and power were affected by the fire.Solano County uses the Everbridge platform to alert residents via the AlertSolano program, delivering Amber Alert-style messages. Cummings says during an evacuation, the Solano County Sheriff's Office and allied law agencies do door-to-door notifications in addition to AlertSolano messaging. The Sheriff's office also uses the High-Low Siren system familiar in Europe to advise residents to evacuate immediately.Carlson says he is frustrated with the response because he believes he had full cellular service throughout the night, texting and posting to social media as he evacuated. "So I think that's where the frustration came in from that night. How many animals could have been saved? Could there have been less loss of life? And could structures have been defended better if we had more warning?" said Carlson. Carlson says two people in his neighborhood died in the fire; however, county officials say they have no reason to believe the alert system was associated with fire-related deaths.Napa County also experienced some kinks with its alert system, when a coding error prevented an alert from going out. Emergency officials say it was an error on the part of its vendor and that the message was not urgent. Staff realized the problem, and they were able to use a different platform to send out the alert. "It happens over and over again," said Art Botterell, who is now retired from the State of California's Office of Emergency Services.Botterell led the effort to develop the Common Alerting Protocol, which he says led to the creation of the FEMA Integrated Public Warning System and some products from the National Weather Service."We've got a pretty good penetration of cellphones, sirens, and telephone dialer systems, that's not usually what breaks down. What usually breaks down is that alert is not sent in time or not sent at all," said Botterell. He says during a 2017 wildfire in Sonoma County, that would prove deadly and destructive, officials failed to send an alert, fearing it would cause panic and clog roadways. Botterell says another reason alerts are often not sent is because officials believe they don't have enough information."It is fair to say that in a lot of cases, we have not given our public safety people the tools to issue public safety warnings effectively," said Botterell. Botterell says more training is needed and believes state and federal governments should provide more guidance to ensure effective responses.With the vulnerabilities in cellular towers and alert systems as a whole, Botterell says counties must utilize several tools to try and reach everyone."We've got a lot of technology. Now we need to get good at using it." 4083

AUSTIN, Texas -- Voting is a critical part of the democratic process.“That’s the way our democracy is supposed to work. As citizens, we have the right to vote, but it’s also a responsibility of citizenship,” Travis County Voter Registrar Bruce Elfant said.Before you can vote, you have to register. Elfant says he’s proud of the participation this election season in Travis County, Texas, where Austin is located.“We’re very excited," Elfant said. "This year, we hit 97% of all eligible citizens are now registered to vote and that is a high mark for us.”It’s not just a high mark, it’s a record for the county. Considering the median age is 34, many of those who registered were young adults.At the University of Texas at Austin, located in Travis County, both Democrat and Republican students have been working hard to register their peers. Grant Rommel is the Chapter President of University of Texas College Republicans.“Both political parties are going to want to get the vote out as much as possible to make sure that they have a secured win," Rommel said. "It’s really created kind of a race to see who can register more voters and it’s really exciting to see that because we’re getting everybody to participate and be involved.”Alexandra Evans is the President of University Democrats at UT Austin. She says she’s been telling fellow students that voting is a right many people have fought for. She hopes to convince others that their vote truly does count.“When our generation turns out, we get people who actually represent our interests and we don’t have to settle,” Evans said.The recent pattern of young adults actively participating in elections could bring results we have yet to see in our democracy.“Typically the younger voter is the less likely voter," Elfant said. "As far as I’ve been around, that’s been the case. But in 2018, we saw that starting to change and I think we’re seeing it change more this year.”“Young people forever really, I mean even since the voting age was lowered to 18, have had the lowest turnout rates of any voting age group,” Democracy Fellow Tova Wang said.Wang is a Democracy Fellow at the Ash Center at the Harvard Kennedy School. For 20 years, she’s been researching voter suppression tactics and ways to increase voter participation. She says politicians don’t usually speak to the needs of younger generations, but this, year she says young adults are demanding change.“They have a very strong sense of wanting to have their voices heard on climate, social justice, economic justice, and I am not surprised that in addition to taking to the streets and social media, they’re now making their voices heard through the ballot,” Wang said.Evans says that 97% voter registration is proof hard work pays off, especially since she says the process of registering to vote is more complicated in Texas compared to other states.“It’s such a convoluted system," Evans said. "It’s very frustrating.”She says she has to balance getting adults enthusiastic about voting while also explaining the lengthy process of registering. According to Elfant, 40 states allow people to register online, but that’s not the case in Texas.“We’re still a paper-based system," Elfant said. "You have to find a voter registration card, you have to fill it out, you may have to turn it in, you may have to find a stamp and an envelope. That’s the way the process works and young people don’t really work that way anymore, and 40 other states don’t work that way.”Evans adds college students move a lot and may not understand they need to register at a new address.“And if you miss like a signature, or they can’t decipher one number, sometimes your whole voter registration can get messed up and that’s really frustrating and discouraging,” Evans said.Nonetheless, it’s clear that won’t stop them in Travis County.“Especially in general election years, the contentiousness of it gets really high and it seems that this one is extremely high compared to others,” Rommel said.Both Rommel and Evans say they’d like to see the momentum of young adults voting continue into the future.“When we keep voting, we can make sure that people know – that politicians know – that their job to represent us is not being taken lightly, it’s not being taken lightly, and we’re watching them,” Evans said.“This generation is going to be a force to be reckoned with,” Wang said. 4390

As we're all on screens now more than ever, new data suggests a difference in opinion between teens and their parents. Turns out, there's an increase in teens hiding their online activity from mom and dad.“I think pretty early on my husband and I decided that it wasn’t for us,” Stephanie Murphy said, talking about devices. Video games, iPads, Nintendo, you name it, she doesn't want it in her house. The 2nd grade teacher in New York City is also a busy mom of 4. Only her 13-year-old daughter has access to a device.“She’s not the majority, she does have a phone we did give her one when she went into middle school for safety reasons,” Murphy said.Murphy knows her family isn't the majority either. For the second year in a row, AT&T and Quadrant Strategies teamed up to conduct their "digital family poll."“We do it to benchmark what teens are doing online, how are teens interacting online, and how are parents looking at the digital life of their kids,” said Nicole Anderson. She's the Assistant Vice President for Social Responsibility at AT&T. This year's data was interesting in comparison to last year, when there wasn't a pandemic.“From last year to this year - parents actually feel more confident: 71% felt more confident than at any point they could see what their teens are doing online. They’re spending more time together so parents felt more confident. 'I can check anytime and see what they’re doing,'” Anderson said.But, add that stat to the one they got from teens, who also felt more confident that they could do a better job at hiding things. “Seeing that discontent made us want to double down saying we’ve got parental controls; we have resources you can use on the screen ready website,” Anderson said.The poll, which focuses on teens, also found that parental controls made a difference. And not just an obvious one.“The teens who do have parental controls on their devices reported that they’re happier; feel safer, more productive, and they’re able to follow their passions online and digitally more so then these teens who don’t have parental controls set,” Anderson explained. We asked about those parental controls, and where one would even begin. "You can set a time limit that your child spends on a device, it can screen by age what sites are appropriate and it can block certain programming depending on the device," Anderson said.AT&T launched a new parental controls campaign using super heroes. She says the controls take away the fight between kids and their parents.As for Stephanie Murphy, she says, “I’m going to be honest, they are going to search. I’m hoping I’m instilling that they come to me and ask me questions.” She says she's armed and ready with answers and she also says, what's most important for her family is being present.“When they were online, they’re near me. When they were working on their computers, they’re right next to me, when he finished it was to talk to his friends and he was in another room and I could hear them. They were never where they were so far that I couldn’t hear what they were doing,” Murphy said.Murphy says, when and if that day comes, she'll launch parental controls. But for now, in these challenging times, remind yourself that no one has parenting down to a perfect science.“Everyone is different and everyone is in a different situation. I’m not in a position to give advice, but I could just say that you do what’s best, they’re your children and you know them best.” 3481