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SAN DIEGO (CNS) - According to research published Friday by UC San Diego School of Medicine and San Diego State University researchers, the risk of contracting COVID-19 from handling trick-or-treat candy that has been in contact with a coronavirus-positive person is minimal, but not zero.In the study published Friday in the journal mSystems, the researchers analyzed the viral load on Halloween candy handled by patients with COVID-19.SARS-CoV-2, the virus which causes the illness COVID-19, is primarily transmitted by respiratory droplets and aerosols. The risk of infection by touching fomites -- objects or surfaces upon which viral particles have landed and persist -- is relatively low, according to multiple studies, even when fomites are known to have been exposed to the novel coronavirus. Nonetheless, the risk is not zero."The main takeaway is that although the risk of transmission of SARS- CoV-2 by surfaces -- including candy wrappers -- is low, it can be reduced even further by washing your hands with soap before handling the candy and washing the candy with household dishwashing detergent afterwards," said co-senior author Rob Knight, professor and director of the Center for Microbiome Innovation at UCSD."The main risk is interacting with people without masks, so if you are sharing candy, be safe by putting it in dish where you can wave from six feet away," he said.As San Diego County heads into a Halloweekend, public health officials are urging members of the public to practice COVID-19 protocols -- including avoiding large gatherings such as Halloween parties and door-to-door trick-or-treating."These activities involve face-to-face interactions with people from different households," said Dr. Wilma Wooten, the county's public health officer. "If a COVID-19 infection is detected among a participant, it will be very difficult to find and notify those who may have been exposed."These traditional Halloween celebrations are not advised, and large gatherings are not allowed under state or local health guidance. The county has reported dozens of community outbreaks in the past week.For their study, the researchers enrolled 10 recently diagnosed COVID- 19 patients who were asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic and asked them to handle Halloween candy under three different conditions: Normally with unwashed hands, normally with washed hands and extensive handling while deliberately coughing.The candy was then divided into two treatments -- no post-handling washing and washed with household dishwashing detergent -- followed by analyses using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, the same technology used to diagnose COVID-19 infections in people, and a second analytical platform that can conduct tests on larger samples more quickly and cheaply. Both produced similar findings.On candies not washed post-handling, researchers detected SARS-CoV-2 on 60% of the samples that had been deliberately coughed on and on 60% of the samples handled normally with unwashed hands. However, the virus was detected on only 10% of the candies handled after handwashing.The dishwashing detergent was effective for reducing the viral RNA on candies, with reducing the viral load by 62.1 percent.The researchers had also planned to test bleach, but noted that bleach sometimes leaked through some of the candy wrappers, making it unsafe for this type of cleaning use.The study authors underscored that the likely risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from candy is low, even if handled by someone with a COVID-19 infection, but it can be reduced to near-zero if the candy is handled only by people who have first washed their hands and if it is washed with household dishwashing detergent for approximately a minute after collection.Knight led the study with Forest Rohwer, viral ecologist at San Diego State University, and Dr. Louise Laurent, professor at UC San Diego School of Medicine. 3937

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - A San Diego man was sentenced Friday to more than six years in prison for operating a million Ponzi scheme that caused investors to lose more than million.In addition to the 75-month sentence, Jonny Ngo, former president and CEO of NL Technology, LLC, was ordered to pay nearly million in restitution for bilking investors out of money he alleged would be used to fund wholesale purchase orders of smartphone screens and other electronic goods.Prosecutors said the funds were actually spent on personal expenses, such as "a home, luxury cars and gambling."Ngo, 34, told investors that NL Technology was supplying smartphone screens to several buyers, including two that each ordered about million worth of NL Technology products, and prepared false financial and bank statements to back up his claims, according to the U.S. Attorney's Office.Ngo pleaded guilty to a mail fraud charge last year."Ngo swindled and conned innocent investors out of their hard-earned money to support his lavish lifestyle," FBI Special Agent in Charge Suzanne Turner said. "The false representations about wholesale purchase orders worth millions and supporting phony business records were all lies. Ngo's actions serve as an example of the unconscionable greed that fuels these all too common fraud cases." 1327

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - For yet another week, San Diego County avoided the fate of dropping into the dreaded purple tier of California's coronavirus monitoring system, with an adjusted case rate of 6.5 new daily COVID-19 cases per 100,000 population.While the county's unadjusted case rate is 7.4 per 100,000 -- enough to be in the most restrictive purple tier, which has a floor of 7 per 100,000 -- the high volume of tests the county is able to perform daily allows for an adjustment from the state. This adjustment has kept the county in the red tier for several weeks, saving it from having to shut down nearly all non-essential indoor businesses.The state data, which is updated every Tuesday, reflects the previous week's case data to determine where counties stand in the state's four-tiered reopening system.San Diego County did show modest improvement, dropping 0.4 from last week's unadjusted case rate of 7.8. The testing positivity rate continued an upward trend, rising 0.2% from last week to reach 3.5%, but remains low enough for this metric to remain in the orange tier. If a county reports statistics meeting metrics in a higher tier for two consecutive weeks, it will move into that more restrictive tier for a minimum of three weeks.The state's health equity metric, which looks at the testing positivity for areas with the lowest healthy conditions, dropped from 5.5% to 5.1% and entered the orange tier. This metric does not move counties backward to more restrictive tiers, but is required to advance.County health officials reported 269 new COVID-19 infections and seven deaths Tuesday, bringing the case total to 55,210 and the death toll to 877.Five men and two women died between Oct. 22 and Oct. 25, with one death occurring July 19. Their ages ranged from early 60s to mid-80s. All had underlying medical conditions.Of the 10,456 tests reported Tuesday, 3% returned positive, bringing the 14-day rolling average percentage of positive cases to 2.7%. The 7-day daily average of tests is 11,173.Two new community outbreaks were confirmed Tuesday, one in a daycare and one in a business. In the past seven days, 24 community outbreaks were confirmed. A community outbreak is defined as three or more COVID-19 cases in a setting and in people of different households over the past 14 days.Of all cases, 3,875 -- or 7% -- have required hospitalization. And 898 -- or 1.6% -- of all cases and 23.2% of hospitalized cases had to be admitted to an intensive care unit.All students at San Diego State University, meanwhile, remained under a stay-at-home advisory announced Thursday. The advisory began at 6 p.m. Friday and will run through Nov. 2 at 6 a.m. University officials said the move was made to discourage students from participating in Halloween events where physical distancing cannot be done. Students are advised to stay home unless they have an essential need.As of Tuesday afternoon, the university has had a total of 1,257 COVID- 19 cases since the fall semester began, including 421 among students living on-campus, 807 among students living off-campus, 16 among faculty and staff and 13 among "visitors" -- defined as someone who has had exposure with an SDSU- affiliated individual.UC San Diego announced Monday night that, as a result of viral shedding, it had detected COVID-19 in wastewater in the Revelle College area between 11:30 a.m. Saturday and 9:45 a.m. Monday.The virus is shed from the gastrointestinal tract and is present in feces early in the infection. UCSD has the ability to identify the virus in wastewater, even before someone tests positive.The college advised anyone who used the restroom near the Revelle College area between those dates and times to get tested for COVID-19 out of an abundance of caution.Less than a week after fully reopening its schools, the Vista Unified School District reported four additional COVID-19 cases Monday, including two Mission Vista High School students, one Roosevelt Middle School student and one Alamosa Park Elementary School student.On Tuesday, the district confirmed two additional cases -- one at Mission Meadows Elementary School and one at Alamosa Park Elementary School.According to the district's COVID-19 safety dashboard, it has recorded 10 cases since Sept. 8, with six of those coming after Oct. 20.The VUSD Board voted Tuesday to shut down at least one campus for two weeks starting Thursday as a result of the rising cases. At least 400 students and nearly two dozen staff members have been ordered to quarantine.Mission Vista High School will move to distance learning for at least two weeks starting Thursday, while Alta Vista High School and Roosevelt Middle School also face potential closures. 4713

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - An Arizona man who carried out a series of knifepoint rapes in the city of San Diego 24 years ago will be sentenced to 50 years to life in state prison early next year following his guilty plea to six rape counts.Christopher VanBuskirk, 47, of Goodyear, pleaded guilty Monday to threatening the victims with a knife while sexually assaulting them on four occasions between August and November of 1995, according to San Diego police.Deputy District Attorney Martin Doyle said Vanbuskirk also pleaded guilty to two knifepoint rapes committed in Riverside County in March 2002 and November 2004, with the Riverside County District Attorney's Office giving San Diego County prosecutors jurisdiction over those two cases.RELATED: Man accused of sexually assaulting six women since 1995 faces 190 yearsVanbuskirk is slated to be sentenced Feb. 20.Prosecutors said the four San Diego cases occurred twice in the Tierrasanta neighborhood, once in Pacific Beach, and once near San Diego Mesa College. He was identified as a suspect through public-access genealogical databases, which Doyle said was similar to the technology utilized to identify and capture Joseph James DeAngelo, otherwise known as the Golden State Killer.Police said DNA evidence previously linked the San Diego and Riverside county cases, but the identity of the perpetrator was not established until this year.Vanbuskirk was arrested in his home state in May. 1447

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - Countywide sales of previously owned single-family homes and attached properties both fell from September to October while prices increased, according to data released Thursday by the Greater San Diego Association of Realtors.Sales of single-family homes fell 4.9% from 1,862 in September to 1,771 in October while attached-property sales fell 2% from 943 in September to 924 last month. Sold listings of both property types have fallen for four consecutive months, according to the GSDAR.Median sale prices of single-family homes rose 3.1% from 5,000 in September to 5,000 in October while attached property prices increased 2.4% from 9,000 in September to 9,000 last month. GSDAR President Kevin Burke argued sales fell and prices increased due to a limited supply of available properties.RELATED: Making It In San Diego: How housing got so expensive``Rising prices and low inventory are still a burden on our state and local housing economy,'' Burke said. ``But mortgage rates that are approximately 1% lower than at this time last year should give some lift to buyer demand.''Single-family home sales increased 1.9% from 1,738 in October 2018 to 1,771 last month while attached property sales decreased 3.8% year-over-year, from 960 in October 2018 to 924 in October of this year.Year-over-year median sales prices increased by more than 2.5% for both property types. Single-family home prices rose 3.3% from 3,900 in October 2018 to 5,000 last month while attached property prices rose 2.6% from 8,000 in October of last year to 9,000 last month.RELATED: Making It in San Diego: Cost of housing driving up retirement spending in CaliforniaReal estate agents sold 54 single-family homes in Fallbrook last month, the most of any ZIP code in the county. El Cajon was the only other ZIP code with 50 or more sold in the month. 1877